• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.871-879
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• 1996

The authors studied 74 patients with cal therapy Kosin University Medical March 1994 through February 1995. The results were, as follows: 1. Average age of the subject patients was 59.3 years old, their age ranged from 20 to 84 years old, and the incidence between male and female was 1:1.24 2. In respect to the economy level the middle class revealed the highest incidence, 40(54%) in 74cases. 3. The cause of injury revealed the highest incidence in hypertension 52 patients(72 %), more than all revealed the highest incidence 23 patients(44 %) in 60th years old. 4. The form of injury revealed the highest incidence in infarction 36 patients(49 %), more then all revealed the highest incidence 13 patients (36 %) in 60th years old. 5. As for the region cerebral artery of infarction patients, middle cerebral artery was the highest region of injury 72 %. 6. As for the physical paralysis side, the left side showed higher incidence 40 patients(54 %) compared to the right side 31 patients (42 %). 7. The period of therapy was 56 days, in average extending from 7 days to II months, nore then all there were the most numerous patients within 3 weeks 28 patients(38 %). 8. The upper side of the upper lims had improved 67 patients(91 %), the lower side 48(65 %). In the cases of the lower limb, the upper side had improved 70(95 %), the lower side 58(78 %). In short, patients had improved more the lower limb than the upper limb, the upper side(elbow and shoulder part) then the lower side(wrist and finger) of the upper limb. In the cases of the lower limb, patients had improved more the upper side (knee and hip part) then the lower side(foot and ankle) 9. In the cases of patients can be walking among subject patients 55(74 %) and patients cannot be walking 19 (26 %), In the cases of patients utilized assistant apparatus 34 (62 %) among self-walking, completely patients can be self-walking 21(28 %).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.364-375
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to offer basic data for the fall prevention by analyzing the kinematic difference between the lower limb joints and the lower extremities in elderly people's walking given the lower-limb resistance exercises. For this, three-dimensional image analysis was carried out by selecting 7 elderly women from over 70s to under 80 years old. To obtain the three-dimensional location coordinates in the lower limb joints and the lower extremities, it shot with 100Hz/s by using MCU(Qualisys, Sweden) camera. The shot image gained raw data on the location coordinates by using QTM(Qualisys, Sweden). As a result of calculating three-dimensional angle by using program of Matlab 6.5, the following conclusions were obtained. Flexion and extension in the thigh and the lower-leg extremities were indicated to be big in motion of flexion after exercising at E5. Foot segment indicated statistical difference while showing eversion at E4. Knee joints showed flexion at E4 after exercising. Ankle joints showed statistical difference while indicating motion in inversion at E3 and in eversion at E4(p<.05).

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Objectives: The purpose of this study was clinical review of pediatric patients with fracture that visited oriental medicine center. Methods: In retrospective study, the pediatric patients, who were visited to oriental medicine center due to fracture, were classified by sex, age, fracture site, date of accident, injury mechanism, time of treatment, kind of treatment. Results and Conclusion: Total 32 patients were visited due to fracture from April 2001 to March 2004. Male Patients were 27, female were 5. In distribution of age, 10 year-old and 11 year-old were 40.7% of totality. In distribution of month, May was 10(31.3%), June was 6(18.8%), and March was 4(12.5%). There are more patients with fracture in spring than other season. In distribution of fracture site, foot was 15(46.9%), hand was 7(21.9%), ankle was 4(12.5%), upper extremity was 3(9.4%), clavicle was 2(6.3%), tibia was 1(3.1%). In distribution of injury mechanism, slip down was 23(71.9%), impaction 5(15.6%), fall down 3(19.4%), crushing injury 1(13.1%). In distribution of injury motive, soccer was 8(25.0%), basketball 4(12.5%), skating 3(9.4%), cycling 2(6.3%), sliding 1(3.1%), Tae-kwon-do 1(3.1%), other sports 5(15.6%), collision 1(3.1%), walking 2(6.3%), hit 3(9.4%), etc. 2(6.3%). In distribution of treatment account, one time was 23(71.9%), twice 3(9.4%), three times 2(6.3%), four times 2(6.3%), five times 2(6.3%). In distribution of treatment time, 1 week was 26(81.3%), 2 weeks 4(12.5%), 3 weeks 2(6.3%). In distribution of treatment kind, acupuncture treatment was 18(56.3%), negative cupping 7(21.9%), splint 13(40.6%), and other treatment(coban taping, medical patch, and so on) 5(15.6%), transfer 14(43.8%).

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome and the effectiveness of local flaps in lower extremity reconstruction. Materials and Methods: We have performed lower extremity reconstruction with local flap in 14 cases (10 males and 4 females) from May 2006 to February 2008. The mean age was 40.1 years (range, 16~67). The defect site was the tibia in 5 cases, the ankle in 1 case and the foot in 8 cases. The local flaps were reverse flow sural artery flap in 7 cases, gastrocnemius flap in 3 cases, lateral supramalleolar flap in 2 cases, dorsalis pedis flap in 1 case and medial hemisoleus flap in 1 case. Results: All flaps were survived. Venous congestion was developed in 1 case of the rerverse flow sural artery flap but healed with secondary rotational flap. Other flaps were good without any complications. Conclusion: If we choose precisely indicated local flap in lower extremity reconstruction, the resultant coverage of defect would be excellent.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.163-169
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• 2016

Purpose: To investigate the measured values of the talus in Koreans. Materials and Methods: We measured 88 tali from 44 cadavers that have been donated between December 2012 and December 2015. Of the cadavers, 27 were male and 17 were female. Their mean age was 73 years. The length and width of the talus were measured using a digital goniometer and vernier caliper. Results: The values of cadaveric measurement, mean maximal width and length, width and length of the dome anterior, width and length of the posterior facet, height and length of the trochlear medial facet, and height and length of the trochlear lateral facet were $43.6{\pm}2.6mm$, $56.5{\pm}3.3mm$, $32.5{\pm}2.0mm$, $42.2{\pm}2.7mm$, $22.2{\pm}2.2mm$, $34.7{\pm}2.0mm$, $15.3{\pm}1.3mm$, $33.3{\pm}2.9mm$, $25.3{\pm}3.3mm$, and $30.8{\pm}2.4mm$ for men and $38.9{\pm}1.6mm$, $53.6{\pm}2.4mm$, $27.9{\pm}2.1mm$, $37.4{\pm}3.2mm$, $20.6{\pm}0.8mm$, $31.9{\pm}1.2mm$, $13.6{\pm}2.6mm$, $28.4{\pm}2.5mm$, $24.9{\pm}2.1mm$, and $28.9{\pm}1.4mm$ for women, respectively. The size of the talus showed an accuracy of 86% when anteroposterior diameter was greater than 59 mm. A difference in the size of the right and left talus was not observed. The mean inclination and declination angles were $24.4^{\circ}{\pm}4.2^{\circ}$ and $28.2^{\circ}{\pm}5.4^{\circ}$ for men, and $24.6^{\circ}{\pm}3.6^{\circ}$ and $24.7^{\circ}{\pm}6.7^{\circ}$ for women (p=0.980, p=0.018), respectively, at least $15^{\circ}$, which showed a big difference for every object up to $37^{\circ}$. Conclusion: This paper, to the best of our knowledge, is the first study to measure the talus in Koreans. There were differences by gender and ethnicity in the in measured talus values. The measurements were smaller than European-Americans and greater than Japanese.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 2005

Objective : In the present study, the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) applied to several acupoints and non-acupoint in CFA-induced knee arthritis was examined. Methods : A common source of persistent pain in humans is arthritis. Arthritis was induced by injection of CFA $125\;{\mu}l$ into knee joint cavity under enflurane anesthesia. The rat subsequently showed swelling of the ankle and a reduced stepping force of the affected limb for the next several days. The reduced stepping force of the limb was presumably due to a painful knee. EA was applied to either of $LR_2,\;LI_4$, or non-acupoint on the contralateral forelimb for 30 min under gaseous anesthesia. After the termination of EA, behavioral tests measuring stepping force were periodically conducted during the next 4 h. Results : EA applied to $LR_2$ point produced a significant improvement of stepping force of the affected foot lasting for at least 2 h. However, neigher $LI_4$ point nor non-point produced any significant increase of weight bearing force. The improvement of stepping pressure was interpreted as an analgesic effect. The analgesic effect was specific to the acupuncture point since the analgesic effect on CFA-induced knee arthritic pain model could not be mimicked by EA applied to a point, $LI_4$ or non-acupoint. In addition, both NO production and iNOS protein expression increased by arthritis were suppressed by EA applied to $LR_2$ point. Conclusion : These data suggest that EA produces a potent analgesic effect in the rat model of CFA-induced knee arthritis. This analgesic effect is produced by applying EA to an acupoint at opposite side from the painful area in a stimulus point-specific way.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 2005

Purpose: We made a radiological comparison between $60^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy with short armed two parts and $40^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy with long armed one part performing operation in cases of hallux valgus angle of less than $40^{\circ}$, intermetatarsal angle of less than $15^{\circ}$. Materials and Methods: 12 cases with $60^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy and 12 cases with $40^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy were selected from October 2000 to March 2005. We have analysed the hallux valgus angle, 1-2 intermetatarsal angle, metatarsal length, distal metartarsal articular angle and angulation at osteotomy site on lateral view in each radiological films taken at preoperative, postoperative and 3 months after operation presuming bone union. All cases were women, both sides were 9 cases and average age was 52.3 years old. Results: Data taken at preoperative, postoperative and 3 months follow up films in $60^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy were as follows; the hallux valgus angles were $32.1^{\circ}$, $10.9^{\circ}$, $13.8^{\circ}$, the 1-2 intermetatarsal angles were $13.6^{\circ}$, $8.5^{\circ}$, $8.4^{\circ}$, the metatarsal length were 60.6 mm, 58.8 mm, 58 mm, the distal metartarsal articular angles were $13^{\circ}$, $6^{\circ}$, $6.6^{\circ}$ and 3 cases were over $3^{\circ}$ angulation at lateral view. In $40^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy, the hallux valgus angles were $34.5^{\circ}$, $11.6^{\circ}$, $15.3^{\circ}$, the 1-2 intermetatarsal angles were $12.7^{\circ}$, $8.2^{\circ}$, $7.8^{\circ}$, the metatarsal length were 59.2 mm, 56.9 mm, 55.9 mm, the distal metartarsal articular angles were $12^{\circ}$, $7.3^{\circ}$, $7.3^{\circ}$ and there were no case with angulation over $3^{\circ}$ at lateral view. Conclusion: In comparison between $60^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy and $40^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy measuring at postoperative and follow up, most of all data were similar, but 3 cases over $3^{\circ}$ angulation at lateral view happened in $60^{\circ}$ Chevron osteotomy. This result showed that $40^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy fixing with screws through long armed one part may have benefit than $60^{\circ}$ distal Chevron osteotomy fixing with K-wires through short armed two parts in making rigid fixation, even though there is a personal difference of technigue.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was retrospectively to evaluate the results of the modified Kidner procedure for symptomatic accessory navicular in athletes. Materials and Methods: Between July 1999 and December 2004, 26 feet in 22 patients with symptomatic accessory navicular who had underwent modified Kidner procedure were available for clinical follow-up, and 12 cases in 9 patients were available for clinical and radiological follow-up with a minimum follow-up of 5 years were included in this study. All those patients had symptomatic accessory navicular bone who underwent modified Kidner procedure. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and satisfaction rate were investigated. Talo-first metatarsal (T-MT1) angle, talo-calcaneal (TC) angle, and calcaneal pitch (CP) angle were measured in standing lateral radiograms. Results: AOFAS score was improved from $40.8{\pm}7.5$ (32~57) preoperatively to $88.7{\pm}8.0$ (72~100) postoperatively, and the difference was significant (p<0.01). VAS was improved from $7.0{\pm}0.9$ (5~9) preoperatively to $1.8{\pm}0.8$ (1~4) postoperatively, and the difference was significant (p<0.01). At the lastest follow up, 11 feet were very satisfied, 11 feet satisfied, and 4 feet unsatisfied (a satisfaction rate 85.0%). No significant difference was observed for T-MT1 angle (p=0.67), TC angle (p=0.93), and CP angle (p=0.49). Conclusion: Modified Kidner procedure for the symptomatic accessory navicular showed satisfactory results and is appeared to be one of the useful treatments.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.122-127
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• 2005

Purpose: To study the mechanism of injuries or discomfort during kendo and to analyze the causes of injury, injured parts of body, treatments modalities, and degree of return to the pre-injury activity level. Materials and Methods: We studied ninety-eight kendo players who had played at three gymnasium of Korean Kumdo Association, were older than high-school age, had been playing kendo for more than six months, and had any pain or discomfort after playing kendo. We analyzed the questionnaire and interviewed the patients concerning the injured parts of body, symptoms, treatments. Results; The mean age was 30.2 years old, and the onset of symptoms was between two weeks and six months after starting the kendo. Many of them were injured during attacking(32.2%). The injuries of feet were increased on players who exercised for less than 1 year. Only fifty-nine players(60.2%) were treated within one month. Among them, thirty-eight percent were treated by oriental medicine or other departments and only thirty-six percent were treated by orthopaedic surgeons. The prevalence of injuries of the foot and ankle was highest(38.8%), and there were the wrist(13.1%), shoulder(11.9%), knee(11.9%) in order of prevalence. Fifty percents of them could return to the pre-injury activity level. Conclusion: The prevalence of injuries of the foot and ankle was highest(38.8%), and were increased on players who exercised for less than 1 year. Sixty percents of players were treated with any proper modalities, and only thirty-six percent were treated by orthopaedic surgeons.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.361-373
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• 2019

Falls are a threat to the physical health of the elderly as well as to their overall quality of life. The purpose of this study was to identify which type of exercise is effective for improving the balance of the elderly, and to obtain the basic data for developing the falls prevention exercise intervention program for the elderly. We compared to the differential effects between rhythmic step exercise and core muscle strengthening exercise in terms of functional balance test and self-reported balance test. Women older than 65 years and under 80 years of age were assigned to one of the step exercise group(21), core muscle exercise group(20), and control group(21), and for 8 weeks, twice per week, 20-30 minutes of exercise were treated. All participants performed one foot static balance test with open and closed eyes. And they responded to self-reported balance test, such as Fall Efficacy Scale(FES) and Activities-specific Balance Confidence(ABC) Scale. The results of statistical analysis are summarized as follows. First, rhythmic stepping exercise was more effective in improving functional balance than core muscle strengthening exercise. In particular, the effect of step exercise was obvious in the one-foot static balance test with open eyes. Second, the self-reported balance test showed better step exercise than core muscle exercise. Specifically, rhythmic step exercise was more effective in enhancing fall efficacy than core muscle exercise. In conclusion, the rhythmic step exercise was more effective in improving the balance ability of the elderly than the core muscle exercise. The rhythmic step exercise is more related to the lower extremity muscles, and especially since the rhythmic step exercise is performed in various ground changes, it seems to have a high similarity to the fall occurrence situation. For future research, we recommended the development of task-oriented ankle proprioceptive exercise intervention program and exercise equipment based on the specific motion situation in which the fall accident occurs in the elderly.