• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2024

밸런스 보드 (Balance Board, BB)를 활용한 운동은 균형 감각 발달, 코어 근육 강화 등 신체 운동 능력 향상과 집중력 증진에 효과적이다. 특히, 다양한 디지털 콘텐츠와 연동되는 스마트 밸런스 보드 (Smart Balance Board, SBB)는 기존 밸런스 보드에 비해 적절한 피드백을 제공하여 운동 효과를 극대화한다. 그러나 대부분의 시스템들은 시/청각적인 피드백만 제공하여 사용자의 운동 몰입도 및 흥미 그리고 운동 자세의 정확성에 미치는 영향을 평가하지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 멀티 센서를 활용하여 다양한 피드백과 정확한 자세로 훈련이 가능한 몰입형 스마트 밸런스 보드 (Imemersive-SBB, I-SBB)를 제안한다. 제안된 시스템은 아두이노 기반으로 보드의 자세을 측정하는 자이로 센서, 유/무선 통신을 위한 통신 모듈, 사용자의 정확한 발 위치를 유도하는 적외선 센서, 촉각 피드백을 위한 진동 모터로 구성되어 있다. 측정된 보드의 자세는 칼만 필터 (Kalman Filter)를 이용하여 부드럽게 보정되고, 멀티 센서 데이터는 FreeRTOS를 활용해 실시간으로 병렬처리된다. 제안된 I-SBB는 다양한 콘텐츠와 연동하여 사용자의 집중도 및 몰입도 향상과 흥미 유발에 효과적임을 보인다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.126-132
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• 2020

Background: Augmented somatosensory feedback stimulates the mechanoreceptor to deliver information on bodily position, improving the postural control. The various types of such feedback include ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) and vibration. The optimal feedback to mitigate postural sway remains unclear, as does the effect of augmented somatosensory feedback on muscle co-contraction. Objects: We compared postural sway and ankle muscle co-contraction without feedback (control) and with either of two forms of somatosensory feedback (AFOs and vibration). Methods: We recruited 15 healthy subjects and tested them under three feedback conditions (control, AFOs, vibration) with two sensory conditions (eyes open, or eyes closed and the head tilted back), in random order. Postural sway was measured using a force platform; the mean sway area of the 95% confidence ellipse (AREA) and the mean velocity of the center-of-pressure displacement (VEL) were assessed. Co-contraction of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles was measured using electromyography and converted into a co-contraction index (CI). Results: We found significant main effects of the three feedback states on postural sway (AREA, VEL) and the CI. The two sensory conditions exerted significant main effects on postural sway (AREA and VEL). AFOs reduced postural sway to a level significantly lower than that of the control (p = 0.014, p < 0.001) or that afforded by vibration (p = 0.024, p < 0.001). In terms of CI amelioration, the AFOs condition was significantly better than the control (p = 0.004). Vibration did not significantly improve either postural sway or the CI compared to the control condition. There was no significant interaction effect between the three feedback conditions and the two sensory conditions. Conclusion: Lower-extremity devices such as AFOs enhance somatosensory perception, improving postural control and decreasing the CI during static standing.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.628-635
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• 2007

We studied the effect of vibratory stimulations of different leg muscles, tibialis anterior(TA) and triceps surae(TS), and plantar zones in ten healthy subjects during 1) quiet standing, 2) forward lean of body, 3) backward lean of body, 4) right lean of body, and 5) left lean of body. The experiments were performed on the force platform. The effect of vibration were measured by monitoring the area of COP(Center of pressure) sway. The subjects wore a vibratory stimulation system on foot and ankles and were given the instruction not to resist against the applied perturbations. The results show that all vibratory stimulations to lower limb muscles and plantar zones reduced the COP sway area. This reduction of the COP sway area occurred also in partial vibratory stimulations during quiet standing. In forward lean of body, vibratory stimulations to TA reduced the COP sway area. During backward lean of body, vibratory stimulations to TS reduced the COP sway area. When the subject was tilted right, vibratory stimulations to left plantar zone reduced the COP sway area. During left lean of body, vibratory stimulations to right plantar zone reduced the COP sway area. Thus, the influence of vibratory stimulations to leg muscle and plantar zones differed significantly depending on the lean of body. We suggest that the vibration stimuli from leg muscles and plantar zones could be selectively used to help maintaining postural balance stable.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.9-23
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• 1995

The objective of this study was to identify the effects of weight-transfer training on the weight bearing distribution and gait patterns of hemiplegic patients through visual and auditory feedback using a limb load monitor. The subjects of this study were 18 hemiplegic patients who had been hospitalized or were visited out-patient department of the Rehabilitation Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, from January 5, 1995 through March 15, 1995. Pre-and post-training changes in gait patterns were measured using ink foot prints as well as by recording weight bearing distribution using a limb load monitor. The data were analyzed by the repeated measure one-way ANOVA and paired t-test. The finding were as follows: 1. Prior to the training, 18 subjects bore more weight on the sound leg(61.6 %) than on the affected leg(38.4 %). 2. Posterior to the training, the average percentage of weight bearing on the affected leg increased significantly from 38.4 % prior to training; to 46.0 % immediately after training; 45.7 % after a 30 second delay; and 45.3 % after a 60 second 3. The difference in gait patterns between pre- and post- training was statistically significant, with an increase in gait velocity to 3.65 cm/sec post-training; an increase in stride length to 5.37 cm on the affected side; 4.77 cm on the sound side; and a narrowing of the base of support to 1.19 cm. In conclusion, hemiplegic weight-transfer training using visual and auditory feedback with a limb load monitor was found to be enhancing symmetrical standing posture, and simultaneously improve gait patterns.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2002

Asymmetrical stance posture, balance, and gait disturbance are common problems in hemiplegic patients. Posterior leaf springs (PLS) are frequently prescribed to correct these problems. Recently, anterior leaf springs (ALS) have also been prescribed, but only limited studies have been performed to investigate the effects of ALS. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of three conditions, i.e., wearing an ALS, wearing a PLS, and not wearing an AFO (ankle foot orthosis),: on 1) the distribution of weight bearing on the affected side, 2) standing balance, and 3) the gait patterns of hemiplegic patients. Eleven hemiplegic patients (10 men and 1 woman) participated in this study. The data were analyzed by the Friedman test. The results were as follows: 1) More weight bearing on the affected leg was observed in the ALS and PLS conditions than in the condition without an AFO. No significant difference between the ALS and PLS conditions was found. 2) There were statistically significant differences in the composite equilibrium scores (CES) among the three conditions. The CES in the PLS condition was significantly higher than in the ALS condition or the condition without an AFO. 3) Gait patterns improved significantly in the ALS and PLS conditions. No statistically significant difference between the ALS and PLS conditions was found. These results suggest that both ALS and PLS effectively improve the distribution of weight bearing on the affected side, standing balance, and gait patterns of hemiplegic patients. Further study using three-dimensional kinematic analysis and dynamic electromyography is needed to support these findings.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 1997

A new bioelectrical impedance method has been developed and evaluated. The electrodes; were made of stainless steel and electrical interfaces were created by an upright subject gripping hand electrodes and stepping onto foot electrodes. Eight tactile electrodes were in contact with surfaces of both hands and feet; thumb, palm and fingers, front sole, and rear sole. Automatic on-off switches were used to change current pathways and to measure voltage differences for target segments. Segmental body resistances and whole body resistance(RWHOLE)were measured in 60 healthy subjects. Segmental resistances of right arm(RRA), left arm(RLA), trunk(RT), right leg(RRL) and left leg(RLL)were310.0$\pm$61.6$\Omega$, 316.9$\pm$64.6$\Omega$, 25.1$\pm$3.4$\Omega$, 236.8$\pm$31.2$\Omega$ and 237.6$\pm$30.4$\Omega$, respectively. Individual segmental impedance indexes(Ht2/RRA, Ht2/RT, and Ht2 /RLA) were closely related to lean body mass(LBM)as measured by densitometry ranged from r=0.925 to 0.960. Ht2/(RRA+RT+RLA) predicted LBM slightly better(r=0.969) than the traditional index, Ht2/RWHOLE(r=0.964), supporting the accuracy of the segmental measurement. A multiple regression equation utilizing Ht2/RRA, Ht2/RT and Ht2/RRL predicted LBM with r=0.971. Ht2/RRA term of the regression contributed to more than 40$\%$ of the LBM prediction, indicating that lean mass of arm represented whole body LBM more closely than other body segments. The new bioimpedance method was characterized by upright posture, eight tactile electrodes, segmental measurements and utilization of electronic switches in comparison with the traditional method. The measurement with this new method was extremely reproducible, quick and easy to use.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2012

Importance of the work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) has been increasing in the hospital industry such as health care industry and financial industry. This study investigated in order to identify the factors like general, occupational and ergonomically characteristics of the subjects related to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) of physical therapists (PTs). Ergonomic tools of rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) were used for evaluation workload of the tasks. Prevalence of MSDs were 13 PTs (26.0%) for neck, 31 PTs (62.0%) for shoulder, 9 PTs (18.0%) for arm/elbow, 27 PTs (54.0%) for hand/wrist, 28 PTs (56.0%) for back, 14 PTs (28.0%) for leg/foot. The analysis of the rate of the pain intensity showed that 53.5% subjects experience moderate pain and 14.0% subjects experience severe pain. Factors which were general characteristics, for example, height, ergonomically characteristics such as 'Posture Score A' were related musculoskeletal subjective symptoms in logistic analysis (p<.05). Among physical therapists, action level of RULA were action level 2 (6.0%), action level 3 (52.0%), action level 4 (42.0%). Physical therapists were estimated one of the highest risk factor in this study. This study suggested that the need of preventive education and program for PTs (physical therapists). Comprehensive and systematic management plans should be established to include both ergonomic and sociopsychological aspects.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the observable symptoms of musculoskeletal disease from electronic components manufacturing workers who involved in many repetitive tasks and to provide the basic data for the prevention and management. The survey was conducted on 721 people from 15 April, 2013 to 17 May, 2013 by self­recording type. The results of the study are as follows. First, symptom complaints based on different body parts are in following order, waist was 12.9%, shoulder was 10.5%, neck was 7.4%, hand/wrist/finger was 7.4%, leg/foot was 4.4%, arm/elbow was 2.8%, and 21.9% of the respondents showed symptoms in more than one body part. Sex, age, marital status, work experience, work intensity, and past accident experience were statistically significant. Second, in the job stress evaluation, all male and female workers were below the median of Korean workers in all of 8 categories. the higher the scores for lack of job autonomy, the higher the symptom complaints of musculoskeletal disease. In the case of patients complain observable symptoms of musculorskeletal disease, they should receive proper outpatient treatment, various programs such as stretching by body parts, setting up a desirable working posture, switching to cyclical work, should b developed as much as possible.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.303-311
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• 2018

스쿼트운동은 안전하고 효과적인 운동성과를 기대할 수 있는 중요한 프리웨이트운동의 하나로 하체강화운동에 가장 효과적인 운동으로 알려져 있다. 인터렉티브 스쿼트운동 장치를 활용하여 동적인 운동과정을 단순화하여 스쿼트 운동 동작을 모델링하고 이를 기반으로 한 생체신호 및 동작 분석을 수행할 수 있으며 또한 장치를 통해 사용자 자세교정을 통해 올바르고 효과 높은 스쿼트운동 과정을 확립할 수 있다. 제안된 모델링을 기반으로 설계된 풋플레이트에 위치한 로드셀의 검출된 신호를 활용하여 스쿼트동작을 생체신호검출과 검출된 신호처리과정을 거쳐 스쿼트운동의 오류동작을 검출해 내는 신호출력을 확보할 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안된 인터랙티브 스쿼트운동장치의 설계방법과 동작의 안전성 분석방법은 생체역학 신호처리 방법에 기인하며 사용자의 스쿼트 운동자세를 해석을 위한 검출된 생체신호 및 동작신호를 통해 올바르지 못한 스쿼트 동작을 교정함으로서 바른 스쿼트 운동을 유도할 수 있으며 연구 결과를 VR 장치에 적용하거나 운동 평가를 위한 장치로 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.373-380
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of balance training on gait stability. The study population included 17 male high school students who were divided into 3 groups, each of which underwent one of the following types of balance-training programs for 8 weeks: 1 foot standing on cushion foam, trunk muscle training, and inverted body position training. 0, 4, and 8 weeks, the following experiment was performed: The participants were asked to close their eyes and take 17 steps; the stability of forward and sideward movement was determined, and the direction linearity was measured. The results revealed that all the training programs caused a decrease in stride deviation and an increase in the and the stride length, thereby improving the stability of forward movement. All the programs decreased the variation in step width and were thus also effective in improving the stability of sideward movement. The inverted body position training program was considered very effective because the cross point appeared on post hoc graphic analysis after 4 weeks, and the deviation length for 10 m was low, i.e., below 4 cm. All the programs were effective with respect to direction linearity because they decreased the deviation in direction widths. The results indicate that whole-body neurocontrol training is more effective than simple muscle training and local focused balance training, although this neurocontrol training-in the form of inverted body position training-required a longer training period than did the other programs.