• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.spc
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• pp.4-7
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• 2009

Agricultural soils contaminated by cadmium (Cd) are common problems in Asia due to rapid industrial development, so the risks of Cd exposure from food crops consumption are concerned by public and authorities. The latest data on Cd concentration in plant-based food and the dietary intakes of Cd around the world are presented in this review. In general, Cd concentrations in major plant-based commodities seldom exceed 0.05 mg/kg fresh weight and decline in the order as: cereals > pulses > vegetables > roots and tubers > fruits in Far Eastern region. In Middle Eastern and European regions, the order is vegetables > cereals > roots and tubers > pulses > fruits. Rice has the highest Cd levels among cereals in Asian countries, but in Middle Eastern and European region the highest level of Cd occurred in leaf vegetables. The dietary intakes of Cd from plant-based commodities around the world declined in the order as: cereals > vegetables > roots and tubers > fruits > pulses. Rice is the largest contributor to total dietary Cd intake (58%) in the Far Eastern region and contributed 36% of Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake (PTDI). For high foodstuffs consumers, intake of Cd from all diets may exceed PTWI, especially for high rice consumers in Asian countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) conducted impact assessment of different maximum levels (MLs) of Cd and demonstrated that each of the four possible MLs for rice had little impact on dietary Cd intake. Since many Cd-contaminated soils in Asian countries still producing crops due to the growing population, the cost-effective techniques for reducing Cd contents in crops especially rice grain are absolutely required.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to develop a single residue analytical method for new herbicide metazosulfuron in crops. METHODS AND RESULTS: Brown rice, apple, mandarin, Kimchi cabbage and soybean were selected as representative crops, and clean-up system, partition solvent and extraction solvent were optimized. Instrumental limit of quantitation (ILOQ), linearity of calibration curve and method limit of quantitation (MLOQ) were determined based on the chromatography and whole procedures. For recovery tests, brown rice, apple, mandarin, Kimchi cabbage and soybean samples were macerated and fortified with metazosulfuron standard solution at three levels (MLOQ, 10 MLOQ and 100 MLOQ). And then those were extracted with acetonitrile, concentrated, and partitioned with ethyl acetate. Then the extracts were concentrated again and cleaned-up through $NH_2$ (aminopropyl) SPE cartridge with acetone : dichloromethane (1% acetic acid) (20 : 80, v/v) before concentration and analysis with HPLC. CONCLUSION(S): ILOQ of metazosulfuron was 2 ng (S/N${\geq}$10) and good linearity was achieved between 0.05 and 12.5 mg/Kg of metazosulfuron standard solutions, with coefficients of determination of 0.9999. MLOQ was 0.02 mg/Kg. Good recoveries from 74.1 to 116.9% with coefficients of variation (C.V.) of less than 10% were obtained, regardless of sample type, which satisfies the criteria of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Those results were reconfirmed with LC-MS (SIM). The method established in this study is simple, economic and efficient to be applied to most of crops as an official and general method for residue analysis of metazosulfuron.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.241-254
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• 2015

This study attempts to examine farmers' preference and perception towards cropland agroforestry (CAF) and its economic benefits in Bangladesh. It surveys 84 farmers of two sub-districts named Manirampur and Bagherpara under Jessore district of Bangladesh to address the study objectives with the help of a questionnaire during the period of June to July 2013. We follow a multistage random sampling procedure for selecting respondents of the survey. A total of 27 plant species under 19 families are identified in the surveyed crop fields, among which 11 are tree species and 1 is shrub from 8 families and 15 species are agricultural crops from 11 families. According to the survey findings, most of the farmers prefer multipurpose tree species like Swietenia macrophylla (67 percent), Phoenix sylvestris (48 percent), Mangifera indica (48 percent) and Cocos nucifera (43 percent). We also find that Curcuma longa (92 percent), Oryza spp. (56 percent), Solanum melongena (43 percent) and Amorphophallus campanulatus (33 percent) are the available agriculture crops which are grown in association with trees in the study area. The surveyed farmers report that they practice CAF to get fuel wood, fodder, juice, fruit and food for family consumption and revenue earnings. About 76 percent of the surveyed farmers endorse the existence of a positive interaction between trees and agriculture crops, while the rest 24 percent endorse the existence of a negative interaction between trees and agriculture crops. This study finds that CAF farmers on an average earn US$ 1,410 per farm per year and the yearly average revenue difference between CAF and non-cropland agroforestry (NCAF) farmers is US$ 214. Overall, CAF needs to develop through scientific intervention in the study area to conserve the biodiversity and to enhance farmers' sustainable livelihood.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.442-455
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• 2010

Plant factory is the fruit of the most advanced modern agricultural technology. This is a crop-producing technology that controls systematically sowing, cultivating, and harvesting crops within an indoor factory. Growing crops in a factory has advantages over traditional farming because it produces safer crops all year around due to clean environment and it is easier to hire workers at the factory. Developed countries has invested actively in this field for several decades because its economical and industrial impact are predicted to be enormous. Recently, Korea also begins to investigate this field actively to develop a system that may be competitive at global market, using technologies and human resources that Korea already has. The plant factory technology is currently less competitive than traditional farming because it requires a large initial investment and management cost and lacks cultivation technologies for various crops. However, I believe in solving these problems if plant biotechnologists participate in developing the plant factory system. If this technology is developed well in Korea, then it will play a great role in solving food and environmental issues.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.8-17
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• 2018

Due to changes in the agricultural market environment and both overseas and domestic farming conditions, uncertainties in agricultural production and management are becoming greater. Hence, there is a stronger need for farmers to choose crops in the optimal condition. This research aims to introduce the result and process of developing a decision support system for selecting crops, aimed to assist farmers in selecting the optimal crops most suitable in the given situation. There are basically three main factors to consider in the decision-making process for farmers when selecting a crop to introduce to their lands. First of all, one must consider how much profit crop A will produce when it is cultivated. Secondly, one must consider which crop to cultivate in order to earn a certain amount of profit. Thirdly, one must consider what is the best way to maximize Farm A's business profit. For instance, a farm may have land as its resource, and one must research which location, type of crop, level of technology, and so forth, to maximize profit.This research creates a database of the profitability of a total of 180 crop types by analyzing Rural Development Administration's survey of agricultural products income of 115 crop types, small land profitability index survey of 53 crop types, and Statistics Korea's survey of production costs of 12 crop types. Furthermore, this research presents the result and developmental process of a web-based crop introduction decision support system that provides overseas cases of new crop introduction support programs, as well as databases of outstanding business success cases of each crop type researched by agricultural institutions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2021

Homogenization of quality was important in order to use herbal medicines as pharmaceuticals. To solve this problem, it was important to establish quality standards. Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba has no quantitative method in the Korean Pharmacopoeia. Thus, we have researched to improve the quality evaluation method of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba with an HPLC. Atractylenolide III and atracylodin were selected as potential marker compounds. This analytical procedure was subject to validation. According to validation guideline of South Korea's Ministry of Food and Drugs Safety, the specificity, linearity, precision, range, quantitative limits, detection limits and accuracy were measured. Because the specificity, linearity, precision, range, quantitative limits, detection limits and accuracy meet criteria of the guideline, the analytic method was validated. With this analysis, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Atractylodis Rhizoma analyzed. As a result, both atractylenolide III and atracylodin appear to be suitable standard compounds. it confirmed that tractylodes Rhizome, similar to Atractylodes Rhizome Alba, could be distinguished.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.257-261
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• 2022

Diseases of agricultural plants in recent years have spread greatly across the regions of the Kyrgyz Republic and pose a serious threat to the yield of many crops. The consequences of it can greatly affect the food security for an entire country. Due to force majeure, abnormal cases in climatic conditions, the annual incomes of many farmers and agricultural producers can be destroyed locally. Along with this, the rapid detection of plant diseases also remains difficult in many parts of the regions due to the lack of necessary infrastructure. In this case, it is possible to pave the way for the diagnosis of diseases with the help of the latest achievements due to the possibilities of feedback from the farmer - developer in the formation and updating of the database of sick and healthy plants with the help of advances in computer vision, developing on the basis of machine and deep learning. Currently, model training is increasingly used already on publicly available datasets, i.e. it has become popular to build new models already on trained models. The latter is called as transfer training and is developing very quickly. Using a publicly available data set from PlantVillage, which consists of 54,306 or NewPlantVillage with a data volumed with 87,356 images of sick and healthy plant leaves collected under controlled conditions, it is possible to build a deep convolutional neural network to identify 14 types of crops and 26 diseases. At the same time, the trained model can achieve an accuracy of more than 99% on a specially selected test set.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2005

Consumer protection and prevention of foodborne diseases are essential elements of food safety program for every country The food safety program proposed by WHO was introduced and the importance of GAP in establishing residue limits of intentional additives in food production was emphasized. The procedures and differences in establishing maximum residue limits of pesticides on food crops by Codex Alimentarius Commission and Korea were explained. Finally, considerations in harmonization of Korean standards with Codex MRLs were suggested.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2006

It is of utmost importance to feed the current world population by improving agricultural production with newer varieties of food crops, but what is still more important is to add nutrition into the food. Some of the plants, which are currently growing in the wastelands, contain certain phytochemicals which add to their neutraceutical and health value. These plants contain secondary metabolites which enhance the over all metabolic functions of the body. Withasteroids are one of such phytochemicals. These chemicals are almost exclusively found in plants of the Solanaceae family; one of which, Physalis minima, contains several with asteroids. The aerial parts and roots of P. minima have been found to contain several steroids, identification of which is been discussed in this paper. These with asteroids contribute to the functional value since incorporation of withanolides in the diet may prevent or decrease the growth of tumors in humans.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2006

There is great demand of nutraceutical secondary metabolites in the world so as to feed the population by improving agricultural production with new varieties of food crops but what is still more important is to add nutrition into the food. Physalis minima, plant of Solanaceae family, contain certain secondary metabolites which enhance the over all metabolic functions of the body. Withasteroids are one of such phytochemicals that are generally regarded as safe. These chemicals are almost monopoly of the plants of Solanaceae. The leaves, stem and roots of P. minima have been examined to yield several steroids, identification of which has been discussed in this paper. These withasteroids contribute to the potential nutraceutical and health function value since incorporation of withanolides in the diet may prevent or decrease the growth of tumors in humans.