• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.500-506
• /
• 2017

Kimchi cabbage is one of the four major vegetable crops in Korea. The total annual production of kimchi cabbage, the main material of kimchi, was 20,559 tons in 2015. Kimchi cabbage is one of the majer crops produced by farmers which accounts for about 80% of the total leaf vegetable production in Korea. As the consumption of environmental-friendly agricultural products increases, food safety is one of the major public health concerns. We analyzed the biological hazards of kimchi cabbage produced by two types of cultivation methos such as organic farming and conventional farming using various culture media and microscopy. A total of 432 samples were analysed for presence of sanitary indicator microorganisms (aerobic plate count, coliform count, yeast & mold) and food-borne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, environmental Listeria, Bacillus cereus). The population of sanitary indicating microorganisms and food borne pathogens was under 5 Log CFU/g in all tested samples. The results of total microorganism numbers of leaf surface showed a positive correlation to those of soil samples. Additionally, we examined chemical factors such as pesticide residues and heavy metals in soil samples. All tested samples did not shown contamination levels higher than the standard limit.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2022

The sowing campaign is taking place with great difficulty as a result of active military actions in the eastern and southern parts of the country, specializing in the cultivation of grain crops. Seaports are blocked, which creates new threats to global food security. The generalization of analytical data is aimed at characterizing the food security of Ukraine before and during military actions, followed by the designation of possible consequences, including on global food security. The generalizations made prove the need to consolidate the efforts of Ukraine, as one of the world's largest food producers, and international organizations in order to avoid the greatest catastrophe of mankind in its modern history, which will be caused by famine.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.196-206
• /
• 2018

Dramatic increase in global population accompanied by rapid industrialization in developing countries has led to serious environmental, food, energy, and health problems. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has estimated world population will increase to 9.7 billion by 2050 and require approximately 1.7 times more food, and more than 3.5 times energy than that of today. Particularly, sweetpotato is easy to cultivate in unfavorable conditions such as heat, drought, high salt, and marginal lands. In this respect, sweetpotato is an industrially valuable starch crop. To replace crops associated with these food and energy problems, it is necessary to develop new crops with improved nutrients and productivity, that can be grown on marginal lands, including desertification areas using plant biotechnology. For this purpose, exploring useful genes and developing genetically modified crops are essential strategies. Currently, sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] have been re-evaluated as the best health food and industrial crop that produces starch and low molecular weight antioxidants, such as vitamin A, vitamin E, anthocyanins and carotenoids. This review will focus on the current status of research on sweetpotato biotechnology on omics including genome sequencing, transcriptome, proteomics and molecular breeding. In addition, prospects on molecular breeding of sweetpotato on marginal lands for sustainable development were described.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.311-316
• /
• 2005

Fermentation properties and in vitro anticancer effect of young radish (YR) kimchi and young radish watery (YRW) kimchi were investigated during fermentation at 5℃. The fermentation of YR kimchi during 2-3 weeks led to the decrease of pH down to pH 4.3, increased acidity, and the highest Leuconostoc sp. counts. YR kimchi showed the acidity of 1.04-1.27% at the pH 4.3, when the kimchi was ripened properly. The fermentation of YRW kimchi during 9 days led to the decrease of pH down to pH 4.3 and the acidity of 0.20%. Inhibitory effects of the juices of YR, YR kimchi, and YRW kimchi on the growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in MTT assay were increased with the added concentration. The juice of YR kimchi had a higher inhibitory effect on the growth of AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells than that of YRW kimchi at same concentration. The juice of YR kimchi showed similar inhibitory effects on the growth of AGS human gastric and HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells in MTT assay to baechu kimchi, which the inhibition rates are more than 50%.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.57 no.3
• /
• pp.65-76
• /
• 2015

Estimating water requirements for upland crops are characterized by standing soil moisture condition during the entire crop growth period. However, scarce rainfall and intermittent dry spells often cause soil moisture depletion resulting in unsaturated condition in the fields. Changes in rainfall patterns due to climate change have significant influence on the increasing the occurrence of extreme soil moisture depletion. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate agricultural drought for upland crop water planning and management in the context of climate change. The objective of this study is to predict the impacts of climate change on agricultural drought for upland crops and changes in the temporal trends of drought characteristics. First, the changes in crop evapotranspiration and soil moisture in the six upland crops, such as Soybeans, Maize, Potatoes, Red Peppers, Chinese Cabbage (spring and fall) were analyzed by applying the soil moisture model from commonly available crop and soil characteristics and climate data, and were analyzed for the past 30 years (1981-2010), and Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) climate change scenarios (2011-2100). Second, the changes on the temporal trends of drought characteristics were performed using run theory, which was used to compare drought duration, severity, and magnitude to allow for quantitative evaluations under past and future climate conditions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.546-551
• /
• 2004

The study was focused on setting priority for future core technologies in crops using Analytic Hierarchy Process (ARP). The technologies were derived by Delphi method. Evaluation criteria for the priority setting were decided as 'technology', 'market oriented', and 'public concerns' by council. The future core technologies were divided as four groups by importance and R&D level. Technologies in upper two groups were considered in the study. Group I had high importance and high R&D level. Group II had high importance and lower R&D level. Questionnaires were given to 8 specialists in crops. As the results, 'public concerns' was decided as the most important evaluation criterion. The most important technologies are 'developing of growing technology that has low inputs and production cost for environmental friendly agriculture' in group I, and 'developing of gene searching, characteristics transformation, and commercialization technologies for crops using bio-technology' in group II.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.24 no.9
• /
• pp.1280-1290
• /
• 2014

In order to obtain the cellulolytic bacterial consortia, sediments from Great Basin hot springs (Nevada, USA) were sampled and enriched with cellulosic biomass as the sole carbon source. The bacterial composition of the resulting anaerobic ethanol-producing celluloytic bacterial consortium, named SV79, was analyzed. With methods of the full-length 16S rRNA library-based analysis and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, 21 bacteria belonging to eight genera were detected from this consortium. Clones with closest relation to the genera Acetivibrio, Clostridium, Cellulosilyticum, Ruminococcus, and Sporomusa were predominant. The cellulase activities and ethanol productions of consortium SV79 using different agricultural residues (sugarcane bagasse and spent mushroom substrate) and energy crops (Spartina anglica, Miscanthus floridulus, and Pennisetum sinese Roxb) were studied. During cultivation, consortium SV79 produced the maximum filter paper activity (FPase, 9.41 U/ml), carboxymethylcellulase activity (CMCase, 6.35 U/ml), and xylanase activity (4.28 U/ml) with sugarcane bagasse, spent mushroom substrate, and S. anglica, respectively. The ethanol production using M. floridulus as substrate was up to 2.63 mM ethanol/g using gas chromatography analysis. It has high potential to be a new candidate for producing ethanol with cellulosic biomass under anoxic conditions in natural environments.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.128-138
• /
• 2003

The bacterial density of partially processed horticultural crops in the commercial market was relatively high probably due to improper handing or processing. Between crops, the bacterial density was low in peeled garlic and ranged above $10^8cfu{\cdot}g^{-1}fw$ in other crops. Especially in brake fern, the bacterial density was the highest and non food materials such as packing strips were found. There was difference in the effects of ozone-treated water washing treatment between crops. In root crops such as burdock and lotus root, ozone showed positive effect on preventing discoloration as well as lowing bacterial density resulting in the increase of marketing period. Any positive effect was not found when sliced crops were treated over 5 min at $0.3mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of dissolved ozone. In lettuce slices, leaf tissues were severely discolored and rapidly soften at $0.3mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for 2 min dipping. Ozone was highly effective on inhibiting bacterium propagation and off-flavor. This effect was more stronger in Fischer ligulariata than brake fern, probably due to the difference of tissue thickness. Results indicated that ozone-treated water washing had a strong potential to improve the market quality of partially processed horticultural crops including dried wild greens and sliced root crops.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.24 no.5
• /
• pp.650-658
• /
• 2011

The 460 collections of 60 crops were collected during 34 days from 28 November to 31 December 2008. The 295 accessions of 43 crops, 49 accessions of 24 crops and 116 accessions of 42 crops were collected in Kangwha, Ulreung and Jeju island in this exploration. Among the total collections, the portion of the food crops, vegetable or ornamental crops and industrial crops were 54.8%, 25.4% and 19.8%, respectively. The farmers conserved 48.4% to 53.6% of the landrace crops for 31 to 50 years. Furthermore, 13.1% to 18.7 % of the collections were cultivated over generation to generation. Most of the crop seeds were conserved by woman farmers aged from 61 to 80 years old. The 82.9% of the seed distributors were also woman farmers, whereas 17.1% was distributed by man farmers.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.289-298
• /
• 2018

The Biosafety Division of the National Academy of Agricultural Science has developed a 'Crop Composition DB' that provides analytical data on commercialized crops. It can be used as a reference in the 'Comparative Evaluation by Compositional Analysis' for the safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) crops. This database provides the composition of crops cultivated in Korea, and thus upgrades the data to check the extent of changes in the compositional content depending on the cultivated area, varieties and year. The database is a compilation of data on the antioxidant, nutrient and secondary metabolite compositions of rice and capsicum grown in two or more cultivation areas for a period of more than two years. Data analysis was conducted under the guidelines of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists or methods previously reported on papers. The data was provided as average, minimum and maximum values to assess whether the statistical differences between the GM crops and comparative non-GM crops fall within the biological differences or tolerances of the existing commercial crops. The Crop Composition DB is an open-access source and is easy to access based on the query selected by the user. Moreover, functional ingredients of colored crops, such as potatoes, sweet potatoes and cauliflowers, were provided so that food information can be used and utilized by general consumers. This paper introduces the feature and usage of 'Crop Composition DB', which is a valuable tool for characterizing the composition of conventional crops.