• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.68-78
• /
• 1997

Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to determine differential sensitivities on absorption of $^{14}$ C-oxyfluorfen and the anatomical responses in wheat and barley to protoporphyrinogen oxidase-inhibiting herbicides [oxyfluorfen (2-chloro-1- (3-ethoxy -nitrophen-oxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene, acifluorfen(5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl) phenoxy]-2-nitro-benzoic acid), bifenox(methyl-5-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoate) and oxadiazon(5-tert-butyl-3-(2, 4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-one)]. I$_{50}$ value of the tolerant wheat cultivars to oxyfluorfen was about 10$^{-4}$ , whereas that of the susceptible barley cultivars was about 10$^{-6}$ M, showing significant difference between the two groups. When foliage were applied with acifluorfen, bifenox or oxadiazon, the oxyfluorfen-tolerant wheat showed less decreased in shoot fresh weight and chlorophyll content than the susceptible barley. Also, when soil-applied with these herbicides test plants showed similar tendency in foliar application. Electrolyte leakage from the tissue treated with these compounds was the more influenced in the barley than the wheat. Malondialdehyde(MDA) production as index of lipid peroxidation was greater in the barley than the wheat by treatment of these compounds. Therefore, the differential sensitivities of wheat and barley to protoporphyrinogen oxidaseinhibiting herbicides was showed by our greenhouse and in vitro experiment. The absorption rates of $^{14}$ C-oxyfluorfen were higher in the barley than the wheat. And this tendency was showed appararitly difference by increase of treatment durations. After the oxfluorfen and oxadiazon treatment, the tolerant wheat did not show the structural damage in leaf surface, but the susceptible barley was damaged in the leaf waxy layer. However, the acifluorfen and bifenox treatment showed no difference between wheat and barley. The anatomical changes by these compounds treatment were not observed in the tolerant wheat but epidermal cell and mesophyll cell were highly broken in the susceptible barley.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.425-433
• /
• 1996

Pepper plants were water-logged at 0, 5, 10 and 15 cm at transplanting and flowering stages under the condition of greenhouse. Treatment of water-logging times were 6, 12, 24, 48 and 120 hours. The results obtained are summarized as follows. At the transplanting stage, plant height, number of leaves, shoot and root fresh weight decreased by water-logging at 0cm for 24 hours and at 5cm or more for 6 hours. Number of fallen leaf was negligible by 12 hours water-logging at 0cm, however, its increased by more increased the water-logging depth and time. Diffusion resistance and chlorophyll content of leaf, and root activity decreased at more than 24 hours of water-logging regardless of the water-logging depth treatments. Photosynthesis and respiration rate diminished by increased the water-logging depth at 120 hours water-logging treatment. Plant diseases, mainly anthracnose(Colletotrichum) occurred in proportion to increase the depth and time of water-logging. It was not possible to control the diseases by fungicides. At the treatment of foliar spray of urea for recovery to water-logging damage, the efficiency was not found on plant height, but the number of leaves. Number of fruit and weight of fruit per plant showed no difference from no water-logging to 24 hours water-logging at 0cm, but its decreased that more than 24 hours water-logging at 0cm and more than 6 hours water-logging at 5cm or more. The averaged weight of a fruit on survival plants increased by more hours and deeper water-logging. There was positive correlation between all the investigated characteristics of growth and yield. There was, however, negative correlation between the characteristics and diffusion resistance of leaf stomata. The correlation between number of fallen leaf and averaged weight of a fruit was not significant. At flowering stage, number of fruit and weight of fruit per plant showed a similar tendency to no water-logging and by 12 hours water-logging at 0cm and 5cm, but significantly decreased at more than 24 hours water-logging from 0 to 5cm, and more than 6 hours water-logging at 10cm or more. The averaged weight of a fruit on survival plants increased by more hours and deeper water-logging except for 120 hours water-logging at all water depths.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.115-127
• /
• 2018

This study was attempted to find out the value of cultural assets through the clear diagnosis and prescription of the dead and weakness factors of the Population of Retusa Fringe Trees in Pyeongji-ri, Jinan(Natural Monument No. 214), The results are as follows. First, Since the designation of 13 natural monuments in 1968, since 1973, many years have passed since then. In particular, despite the removal of some of the buried soil during the maintenance process, such as retreating from the fence of the primary school after 2010, Second, The first and third surviving tree of the designated trees also have many branches that are dead, the leaves are dull, and the amount of leaves is small. vitality of tree is 'extremely bad', and the first branch has already been faded by a large number of branches, and the amount of leaves is considerably low this year, so that only two flowers are bloomed. The second is also in a 'bad'state, with small leaves, low leaf density, and deformed water. The largest number 1 in the world is added to the concern that the s coverd oil is assumed to be paddy soils. Third, It is found that the composition ratio of silt is high because it is known as '[silty loam(SiL)]'. In addition, the pH of the northern soil at pH 1 was 6.6, which was significantly different from that of the other soil. In addition, the organic matter content was higher than the appropriate range, which is considered to reflect the result of continuous application for protection management. Fourth, It is considered that the root cause of failure and growth of Jinan pyeongji-ri Population of Retusa Fringe Trees group is chronic syndrome of serious menstrual deterioration due to covered soil. This can also be attributed to the newly planted succession and to some of the deaths. Fifthly, It is urgent to gradually remove the subsoil part, which is estimated to be the cause of the initial damage. Above all, it is almost impossible to remove the coverd soil after grasping the details of the soil, such as clayey soil, which is buried in the rootstock. After removal of the coverd soil, a pestle is installed to improve the respiration of the roots and the ground with Masato. And the dead 4th dead wood and the 5th and 6th dead wood are the best, and the lower layer vegetation is mown. The viable neck should be removed from the upper surface, and the bark defect should undergo surgery and induce the development of blindness by vestibule below the growth point. Sixth, The underground roots should be identified to prepare a method to improve the decompression of the root and the respiration of the soil. It is induced by the shortening of rotten roots by tracing the first half of the rootstock to induce the generation of new roots. Seventh, We try mulching to suppress weed occurrence, trampling pressure, and soil moisturizing effect. In addition, consideration should be given to the fertilization of the foliar fertilizer, the injection of the nutrients, and the soil management of the inorganic fertilizer for the continuous nutrition supply. Future monitoring and forecasting plans should be developed to check for changes continuously.