• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1763-1769
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• 2003

Two experiments were conducted to examine the production and quality of cassava hay and its utilization in diets for dairy cows. In experiment I, a $2{\times}2$ Factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications was carried out to determine the effects of different initial (IC) and subsequent cutting (SC) on yield and composition of cassava plant. The results revealed that cassava could produce from 4 to 7 tonne of DM and 1.2 to 1.6 tonne of CP for the first six months after planting. CP content in cassava plant ranged from 20.8 to 28.5% and was affected by different SC regimes. Condensed tannin in cassava foliage ranged from 4.9 to 5.5%. Initial cutting at 2 months with subsequent cutting at 2 month intervals was the optimal to obtain high dry matter and protein yield. In the second experiment, five crossbred Holstein-Friesian cows in mid lactation with an initial live-weight of 505${\pm}6.1kg$ and average milk yield of 10.78${\pm}1.2kg/d$ were randomly assigned in a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design to study the effects of 2 levels of CH (1 and 2 kg/hd/d) and concentrate (1 to 2 kg of milk and 1 to 3 kg of milk) on milk yield and milk composition. The results showed that cassava hay increased rumen $NH_3-N$ and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) (p<0.05). Cassava hay tended to increase milk production and 4% FCM. Milk protein increased in cows fed cassava hay (p<0.05). Moreover, cassava hay could reduce concentrate levels in dairy rations thus resulting in increased economic returns. Cassava hay can be a good source of forage to reduce concentrate supplementation and improve milk quality.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2001

To study whether the secondary toxic substances such as ethylene and reactive oxygen species(ROS) are induced by air pollutants in foliage plants, $SO_2$ was fumigated to Pachira aquatica, Spathiphyllum patinii, and Hedera helix. $SO_2$ was controlled to $1\;{\mu}L/L$ and then fiumigated to plants for 2 days(8 hrs/day). It resulted in visible injury in P. aquatica and H. helix while no symptom appeared in S. patinii. Photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency were most remarkably reduced in P. aquatica compared to other two species whereas least in S. patinii. Two days after $SO_2$ fumigation, ethylene evolution was quantified to 23.56, 10.43 and 4.79 nL/g/h in P. aquatica, H. helix and S patinii, respectively. On the other hand, antioxidative enzymes were clearly activated by $SO_2$ treatment in all tested plant species implying ROS production. In conclusion, we could suggest that ethylene and ROS have been intimately related to the defense mechanism against $SO_2$ and their induction degree increased with plant susceptibility to $SO_2$. Furthermore, it was found that S. patinii was tolerant and P. aquatica sensitive to $SO_2$ on the basis of antioxidative enzyme activity and ethylene evolution.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the environmental factors and growth characteristics of Sasa borealis community inside a temperate deciduous forest and reviewed its effect on the lower vegetation and natural regeneration. The S. borealis community in the Jungsan-ri region of Jirisan National Park was chosen as the study area, and the vegetation and the environmental factors were investigated. The dominance value, height and foliage layer thickness were investigated as the growth characteristics of S. borealis in the area. As the environmental factors, we investigated the photosynthesis photon flux density (PPFD) of the shrub and ground layers as well as the chemical characteristics of the soil. Additionally, we investigated the flora on the ground layer of the area as well as the number and height of woody plants. The result showed that the height and foliage layer thickness of the S. borealis was closely related to the light conditions but the distribution was not determined simply by the effect of the environment or vegetation of the particular area. This may be deeply related with the unique survival strategy of S. borealis, a vegetably propagated plant, that it can extensively distributed on a heterogeneous resources environment in a forest as multiple culm are interconnected with each other through the rhizomes. The dense dominance and great height of S. borealis reduced the plant species diversity in the ground layer by decreasing the PPFD on the ground surface.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.483-488
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• 2009

The main objective of this breeding program is to develop high yielding, disease resistance and good processing potato cultivar. 'Gui Valley' is a clonal selection resulting from a cross between 'ND2471-8' and 'Cona'. It has medium plant height and light green foliage. 'Gui Valley' has medium flowering habit and light pink flowers. 'Gui Valley' is a medium maturing potato cultivar and tubers are smooth, yellow skin, light yellow flesh, long-oval tuber shape, distinct red eyes with medium depth and medium dormancy. It has high level of tuber uniformity and good keeping quality. 'Gui Valley' demonstrates resistance to potato virus Y (PVY), soft rot, but moderately susceptible to late blight and common scab. It is also resistant to most of the internal and external physiological disorders particularly dehiscence, hollow heart and internal brown spot. The specific gravity of 'Gui Valley' is significantly higher (1.097) than that of 'Shepody' (1.078). 'Gui Valley' has suitable for processing mainly French fries and chips. This cultivar has high level of tuber uniformity and capable of yielding 37.6 $t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, which is 18.2% higher than the control potato cultivar 'Shepody' under optimum agronomical practices.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.174-184
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• 2015

In the present study, the metabolism of [$^{14}C$]butachlor was investigated in rice plant according to the OECD test guideline No. 501. [$^{14}C$]Butachlor was treated as granule to paddy water by application of 1.5 kg ingredient (a.i.)/ha at the 3~4 leave stage of rice plant. At 85 days after treatment (DAT), samples of panicle, foliage, and roots were taken for radioactivity analysis. Upon harvest at 126 DAT, rice plants were separated into brown rice, husk, straw, and root parts. Amounts of total radioactivity absorbed by rice plant ranged from 8.6 to 9.8% of applied radioactivity (AR). Total radioactive residues (TRRs) of rice plant at 126 DAT was the highest as 4.0421 mg/kg (7.3% AR) in the straw followed by 1.4595 mg/kg (2.4% AR) in the root, 0.7257 mg/kg (0.1% AR) in the husk. The lowest level recording 0.1020 mg/kg (0.1% AR) was found in brown rice. Each part was extracted with various solvents and solvent/water mixtures. Greater than 70% of TRRs was readily extractable from foliage, panicle, husk and straw. Only 34.0% of the brown rice and 43% of root based on TRRs were extractable showing that the residues were completely assimilated in the plant tissue. The level of non-extractable radioactivity was ranged from 26.2 to 66.0% of TRRs. From this study, five tentative major metabolites (M1, M2, M3, M4 and M5) were observed in rice extracts. Among the metabolites, 2,6-diethylaniline assigned as M4 was identified in rice plant by comparing to retention time of reference standard. Un-metabolized butachlor was not detected in any fractions. In soil extracts, N-(butoxymethyl)-N-(2,6-diethyl phenyl)acetamide, 2,6-diethylaniline, M2, M3 and M5 were observed. And the concentration of butachlor was low level (ca. 0.03 mg/kg).

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.484-492
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• 2012

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) on the growth and physiological characteristics of common indoor plant species. Five foliage plant species, Spathiphyllum spp., Ardisia pusilla DC., Syngonium podophyllum, Peperomia pereskiifolia, and Pilea cadierei were potted into plastic pot equipped with round type anisotropic sintered NdFeB permanent magnet inside the pot. The surface magnetic flux density of each magnet was 3,500 G. After 6 months of growth period, the biomass accumulations of Spathiphyllum, A. pusilla, and P. cadierei under SMF were statistically higher than those of controls. Tissue water content also increased under the influence of SMF in most species. The photosynthetic rate of Spathiphyllum under SMF significantly increased but other species showed no significant difference compared with control. Although there was no significant increase in the photosynthetic rates of A. pusilla, and P. cadierei, they showed remarkable increase in total fresh weight under SMF. This suggests that the demand of assimilates for normal metabolism could be decreased under magnetic influence and thereby biomass accumulation could be more favored. But this is not always true for all plant species because P. pereskiifolia in this experiment, showed no changes in both photosynthetic rate and biomass accumulation. Leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll contents were enhanced significantly in most plant species under influence of SMF. Chlorophyll a/b ratio also increased by SMF. Although there might be a limitation depending on plant species, these results suggest that long-term exposure to SMF might allow plant to have an enhanced acclimation capacity against environmental fluctuations and optimal application of SMF could increase the practical use of indoor plants such as an attempt to improve indoor air quality.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the check shelling distribution of Lindera erythrocarpa Makino in Kanghwa Island, MT. Suri, Kyunggido and MT. Kaya, Chungchongnamdo. The results were as follows : The total distribution area of Linedra erythrocarpa where are Jeondeung temple and Jugsu temple Kanghwa Island, MT. Suri, Kyunggido and MT. Kaya, Chungchongnamdo was 344.4ha and the total number of Linedra erythrocarpa was 3,224. The total number of femle Linedra erythrocarpa was625(22.2%) except the seedlings under 2cm of DBH(Diameter breast of height). For the estimation of tree age by counting of tree rings, the regression equation was Y=1.79X+9.47($R^2$=0.83, DBH=cm). The soil acidity of stands studied was $pH4.6{\sim}pH5.8$. And the soil acidity of Seoul was $pH4.2{\sim}pH4.5$ So for the Planting Linedra erythrocarpa in Seoul area, the soil acidity of planting area should be changed to $pH4.6{\sim}pH5.8$. The flower size of and female of Linedra erythrocarpa was 5.96mm, 3.66mm, respectively. The length of petiole of male and female of Linedra erythrocarpa was 5.96mm, 3.66mm, respectively. The length of petiole of male and female of Linedra erythrocarpa was 5.96mm, 3.66mm, respectively. And the number of flowers per flowering bud of male and female were 13.4, 11.2, respectively. The flowering period of Lindera erythrocarpa in Suwon was 21 days from May 2 to May 22. And The leaf continuing period of Lindera erythrocarpa in Suwon was 203 days from April 7 to October 27. And the fall-foliage color continuing period was 10 days from October 18 to October 27. The fruit continuing period of Lindera erythrocarpa in Suwon was 61 days from September 26 to November 26.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2007

ALA (5-aminolevulinic acid) has been proposed as a tetrapyrrole-dependent photodynamic herbicide and insecticide by the action of the protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (Protox IX). The present study was conducted to determine growth responses of plant and insects to ALA, biodegradable biopesticidal substance. In the paddy condition experiment, plant height and shoot fresh weight of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) was more reduced by ALA than rice plants, even though both plant species show great phytotoxicity. Hairy crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), a monocot weed, was more sensitive to ALA at 5mM under upland condition when ALA applied on the foliage, compared with soybean (Glycine max) as a dicot crop. ALA solutions were tested for their insecticidal and larvicidal activities against Spodaptera exigua (Hubner) and Tetranychus urticae Koch. by foliar application and leaf-dipping method. The result showed higher insecticidal activity of ALA at 10mM and its mixture with insecticide luferon against S. exigua. Strongest insecticidal activity against T. urticae was observed from the ALA solution at 10mM 72 days after application. This results show that ALA solution had potent herbicidal and insecticidal activities against agricultural pests even though their activities were lower than those of synthetic pesticides.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2012

Indole compound is a bacterial metabolite synthesized and released by an entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila K1. The antibiotic activity was evaluated against plant pathogens, such as Phytophthora blight and anthracnose of red pepper. Indole significantly suppressed mycelial growth of Phytophthora blight and anthracnose pathogens. Under natural sunlight conditions, indole maintained the antifungal activity for at least sixty days. The activity was not affected under the condition of soil-water. When the indole suspension was applied to surface soil before transplanting of red pepper seedlings and was then regularly sprayed to the foliage of the plants with ten days interval, it resulted in significant reduction of the disease occurrences (Phytophthora blight, anthracnose, soft rot, and black mold) by about 30%. These results suggest that indole can be used to control Phytophthora blight and anthracnose of red pepper.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.127-143
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• 2019

This study investigates the color stimuli of two varieties of foliage plants by extracting electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram and physiology activity data from 30 participants in their 50s or older. Changes in the physiological activity of subjects against six color stimuli were examined. The stimulus to real green plants 'Silver Queen' was set as the control group, and was compared with other groups including the stimulus to real 'Angel' plants and four stimuli to artificial colors (two color images and color schemes of the same green and red plants). Compared to the five groups, the relative theta power spectrum (RT) and the ratio of alpha to high beta (RAHB) increased in the subjects exposed to real green plants. This result demonstrates that the green plant ('Silver Queen') increases the stability, relaxation, and internal concentration of subjects in a proper state of awakening. The result of this experiment showed a statistically significant difference in the level of RT when subjects were exposed to the groups of real green and red plants. This finding indicates that the green plant increases internal concentration more than the red plant. RT and the relative low beta power spectrum (RLB) in the groups of natural colors were higher than the groups of artificial colors when subjects focused their mind on the two types of real plants. However, the level of relative mid beta power spectrum (RMB), ratio of SMR to theta (RST), ratio of mid beta to theta (RMT), relative high beta power spectrum (RHB), and spectral edge frequency 95% were higher when subjects were exposed to the photos and colors scheme of plants than when they were exposed to real plants. The subjects experienced more "comfortable" emotions when they were looking at plants with green colors. Overall, it is recommended to use the natural colors of real plants in places where which stability and relaxation are required. On the contrary, the artificial colors of plants such as their photos and color schemes are useful in places where a high level of concentration is required in a short period of time.