• 제목/요약/키워드: Fluxes

검색결과 1,229건 처리시간 0.022초

Roles of Glucose and Acetate as Carbon Sources in L-Histidine Production with Brevibacterium flavum FERM1564 Revealed by Metabolic Flux Analysis

  • Shioya, Suteaki;Shimizu, Hiroshi;Shimizu, Nobuyuki
    • Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.171-177
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    • 2002
  • The metabolic flux pattern for L-histidine production was analyzed when glucose and/or acetate were used as carbon sources. Total L-histidine production was enhanced when mixed substrate (glucose and acetate) was used, compared wish that when either glucose or acetate was used as the sole carbon source. Theoretical maximum carbon fluxes through the main pathways for L-histldine production, cell growth, and ATP consumption for cell maintenance were obtained by the linear programming (LP) method. By comparison of the theoretical maximum carbon fluxes tilth actual ones, it was found that a large amount of glucose was actually used for maintenance of cell viability. On the other hand, acetate was used for cell growth. After depletion of acetate in the mixed substrate culture, the flux for glucose to L-histldine synthesis was markedly enhanced. A strategy for effective L-histidine production using both carbon sources was proposed.

A hybrid numerical flux for supersonic flows with application to rocket nozzles

  • Ferrero, Andrea;D'Ambrosio, Domenic
    • Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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    • 제7권5호
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    • pp.387-404
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    • 2020
  • The numerical simulation of shock waves in supersonic flows is challenging because of several instabilities which can affect the solution. Among them, the carbuncle phenomenon can introduce nonphysical perturbations in captured shock waves. In the present work, a hybrid numerical flux is proposed for the evaluation of the convective fluxes that avoids carbuncle and keeps high-accuracy on shocks and boundary layers. In particular, the proposed flux is a combination between an upwind approximate Riemann problem solver and the Local Lax-Friedrichs scheme. A simple strategy to mix the two fluxes is proposed and tested in the framework of a discontinuous Galerkin discretisation. The approach is investigated on the subsonic flow in a channel, on the supersonic flow around a cylinder, on the supersonic flow on a flat plate and on the flow in a overexpanded rocket nozzle.

수평 다채널 관에서의 유동 비등 열전달 특성에 관한 연구 (Study on Characteristics of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Multi channels)

  • 최용석;임태우
    • 수산해양교육연구
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.1310-1317
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    • 2015
  • Two-phase flow boiling heat transfer in micro-channels was experimently investigated. The test section consisted of 15 rectangular micro-channels with a depth of 0.45mm, width of 0.20mm. The experiments were performed for heat fluxes ranging from 5.6 to 46.1kW/m2 and mass fluxes from 150 to 450kg/m2s using FC-72 as the working fluid. According to the results, at the low heat flux region, heat transfer coefficient strongly depends on the heat flux, while heat transfer coefficient at the high heat flux region was independent on the heat flux. Four correlations were used to predict the heat transfer coefficient. The measured heat transfer coefficient was compared with four correlations. It was found that Kaew-On and Wongwises's correlation well predicted the measured data, within the MAE of 40.3%.

직렬연결된 두 코일의 자기결합을 이용한 초전도 사고전류제한기의 사고전류제한 특성 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 분석 (Computer Simulation Analysis on Fault Current Limiting Characteristics of SFCL using Magnetic Coupling of Two Coils with Series Connection)

  • 임성훈;안재민;김진석;문종필;김재철
    • 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국조명전기설비학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.213-216
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    • 2007
  • The computer simulation for the fault current limiting characteristics of the superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) using the magnetic coupling of two coils was performed. The magnetic fluxes generated from two coils were canceled out during a normal time. However, the resistance generation of high-$T_c$ superconducting (HTSC) element after a fault occurrence keeps up the magnetic fluxes of two coils and contributes to the fault current limiting operation. Through the computer simulation for the fault current limiting characteristics based on its electrical equivalent circuit, its operational current and the limiting impedance could be improved by adjusting the inductance ratio between two coils.

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갈대 서식 연안습지에서의 순복사와 토양열 플럭스 (Net Radiation and Soil Heat Fluxes Measured on Coastal Wetland Covered with Reeds)

  • 김희종;김동수;윤일희;이동인;권병혁
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.233-239
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    • 2007
  • In the coastal wetland the mud is consist of fine particles, which means that it is characterized by small gap, and heat transfer is obstructed since moisture is found between the gaps. The relationship between net radiation ($R_N$) and soil heat flux($H_G$) shows a counterclockwise hysteresis cycle, which refer to a time lag behind in the maximal soil heat fluxes. The albedo is independent of seasonal variation of the vegetation canopy which plays very important roles to store and control the heat in the atmospheric surface layer.

이산화탄소의 초임계 가스냉각 과정의 열전달 및 압력강하 특성에 관한 실험적 연구 (Experimental Studies on Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics during Gas Cooling Process of Carbon Dioxide in the Supercritical Region)

  • 윤석호;김주혁;김민수
    • 설비공학논문집
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.538-545
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    • 2004
  • This paper presents the experimental data for the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics obtained during the gas cooling process of carbon dioxide in a horizontal tube. The tube in which carbon dioxide flows is made of copper with an inner diameter of 7.73 mm. Experiments were conducted for various mass fluxes and inlet pressures of carbon dioxide. Mass fluxes are controlled at 225, 337 and 450 kg/$m^2$s and inlet pressures are adjust-ed from 7.5 to 8.8 ㎫. The experimental results in this study are compared with the existing correlations for the supercritical heat transfer coefficient, which generally under-predict the measured data. Pressure drop data agree very well with those calculated by the Blasius' equation. Based on the experimental data, a new empirical correlation to estimate the near-critical heat transfer coefficients has been developed.