• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.443-453
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• 2010

We examined progress in oral health of Korean 5 year olds children and dental public health infrastructure since the National Health Promotion Plan 2010 Oral Health Objectives were issued. We summarize trends in the prevalence of dental caries and trends in national public oral health program activities and budget. The Oral Health Objectives were achieved in 2006. Oral health in Korean preschool children improved considerably by improving of lifestyle and consumption of fluoride containing toothpaste. Although the number of public oral health center and the budget of oral health education were increased, the impact of public oral health program for preschool children was not influential. New oral health program for infants such as fluoride varnish application and strengthening of existing public oral health program should be performed for continuing improvement of oral health in Korea.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.93-106
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• 2010

Objectives : The study examined mothers' oral health knowledge and oral health management behavior to their children that affect directly children's oral health to prepare basic aiming at children. Methods : Therefore, a survey of 235 mothers in 10 kindergartens located in Seoul was conducted by self-administered questionnaires. Results : As to mothers' oral health knowledge, the correct-answer rate for questions about tooth-decay was highest, and the level of 'middle (5-7 points)' was the most common with 50.0%. Regarding oral health knowledge according to mothers' general characteristics, the higher academic background and family's monthly earnings were, the higher oral health knowledge was. It showed a statistically significant difference(p<.01). In terms of mothers' oral health management behavior to their children, 79.1% of mothers who had the visiting experience in the dentist's for caries prevention was highest. As to the number of brushing, the twice was highest with 51.2%, and regarding brushing time 2min was highest52.6%. Also, the rate of using the fluoride toothpaste was 68.4%, and the rate of mothers who helped their children's brushing was 83.3%. As to the oral health management behavior to their children by mothers' oral health knowledge, mothers with higher oral health knowledge used the fluoride toothpaste showing that there was a significant difference(p<.01). Also, mothers with higher oral health knowledge helped more children's brushing, so that there was a significant difference(p<.05). Regarding the oral health management behavior to their children according to mothers' visiting experience in the dentist's, mothers who visited the dentist's during the recent one year had higher visiting experience of dentist's for children's caries prevention(p<.01) and longer time of brushing by 3min(p<.05), and helped their children's brushing a lot. The findings showed a significant difference(p<.001). Conclusions : As the results above, as mothers' oral health knowledge and oral health management behaviors to their children affect closely children's oral health, more systematic, specific and active oral health programs should be provided to mothers.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.418-426
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• 2008

The objectives of this study were to examine the properties of fluoride-releasing resin composite restorative materials. Four commercially available compomer materials (Compoglass F: CF, $Dyract^{(R)}$ AP: DA, $Dyract^{(R)}$ flow: DF, F2000: FT) and one fluoride-releasing composite resin ($Tetric^{(R)}$ Ceram: TC) were selected as experimental materials. Rectangular-shaped tensile test specimens were fabricated in a teflon mold giving 5mm in gauge length and 2mm in thickness. Disk-shaped specimens were fabricated in the split teflon mold with diameter of 15mm and thickness of 1mm. After curing for an hour, specimens were immersed in deionized water at $37^{\circ}C{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. All specimens were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles with 15 seconds of dwelling time in each $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ water baths. Toothbrush abrasion test was conducted under a load of 1.5 N and the abraded surfaces were examined with surface roughness tester (SV-3000, Mitutoyo Co, Japan) and SEM (JSM-5800, JEOL, Japan). Fluoride recharging was done by toothbrushing for 3 min. using a fluoride toothpaste (Perio Alpine Herb, LG Household & Health Care, Korea). The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The highest tensile strength value of 32.3 MPa was observed in TC group and the lowest value of 16.8 MPa was observed in CF group. The tensile strength of TC group was significantly higher than those of CF and DF groups (P<0.05). 2. The lowest Ra value of 0.287 was observed in TC group and the highest value of 1.516 was observed in FT group. The Ra value of FT group was significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05). 3. The abraded surfaces revealed the increase of surface roughness due to the protrusion and missing of filler particles. 4. The release of fluoride of compomers after tooth brushing by Perio Alpine Herb was initially large and then followed by small and continuously. But it remains small and constant in fluoride-releasing composite resin of TC. 5. The highest value of fluoride release after toothbrushing by Perio Alpine Herb was $2.064{\mu}g/cm^2$ in CF group and the lowest value was $0.1119{\mu}g/cm^2$ in TC group. The amount of fluoride release of CF group was significantly higher than other groups (P<0.05).

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.173-179
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the development of oral health education program and to make schoolchildren practice the right oral health care behaviors. Methods : Data were collected from 259 elementary school students including 134 boys and 125 girls in Busan from November 26 to December 20, 2012. The groups were tooth brushing group and dental clinic group. All statistical analyses were analyzed by frequency analysis and chi-square test using SPSS 18.0 program. Results : School dental clinic group showed higher awareness level of fluoride and sealant effect of prevention(p=0.000). Toothbrushing facility group showed higher awareness level of brushing tooth(p=0.011). School dental clinic group showed higher awareness level of fluoride toothpaste(p=0.000). Both school dental clinic group and toothbrushing facility group showed higher awareness level of oral health education(p=0.001). School dental clinic group showed higher awareness level for tooth brushing method after education(p=0.000). Both school dental clinic group and toothbrushing facility group showed higher level of education. Conclusions : School dental clinic group showed higher level for oral health knowledge and toothbushing facility group showed high level for oral health behavior. Both School dental clinic group and toothbrushing facility group showed higher level of oral health education and tooth brushing method after education. Both school dental clinic group and toothbrushing facility group proved to promote oral health. Activation of school toothbrushing facility is very important to change the oral health workforce.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.3 s.50
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• pp.235-245
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• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to review two recently reported, long-term studies of several chemical methods to control gingivitis and decalcification in adolescent orthodontic patients. The first study(gingivitis study) was designed to determine whether conventional toothbrushing and twice daily use of a brush-on 0.4 per cent $SnF_2$ gel containing more than 90 per cent available $Sn^{2+}$ would be more effective for controlling plaque accumulation and gingivitis in the presence of orthodontic appliances than conventional toothbrushing alone. The second study(decalcification study) was designed to compare the effectiveness of controlling decalcification in orthodontic patients with either a II00 ppm F tooth paste used alone, this same toothpaste and a 0.05 percent NaF rinse or this toothpaste and a 0.4 percent $SnF_2$ gel. In the gingivitis study, sixty-five consecutively treated adolescents who were to receive full-mouth fixed orthodontic appliances were assigned to two groups according to age and sex criteria. In the decalcification study an additional 30 subjects(95 total) were similarly assigned to a third group. The first group(control, n=35) used only toothbrushing with a standard fluoride(1100 ppm F) toothpaste. The second group used toothbrushing with a similar dentifrice supplemented with a 0.4 percent $SnF_2$ gel($SnF_2$ gel group, n=30) used twice daily for the entire 18-month study period. The third group(in the decalcification study only) used a similar toothpaste and 0.05 percent NaF rinse(NgF rinse group, n=30). Clinical assessments of plaque accumulation using the Plaque Index, gingival inflammation using the Gingival Index, and coronal staining were completed single-blinded before appliances were placed and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months after appliances were placed. Decalcification was assessed single blind on all labial surfaces of all erupted teeth before appliances were placed and 3 months after appliances were removed. The results of the gingivitis study indicated that the $SnF_2$ gel gorup had significantly lower scores for the Plaque Index(p<0.01) and Gingival Index(p<0.001) at all examinations during orthodontic treatment than did the control group. In the $SnF_2$ gel group, one subject developed mild coronal staining and two subjects developed moderate staining. In the decalcification study, when pre-treatment levels of decalcification were subtracted from post-treatment values, significantly lower decalcification scores(p<0.05) were found for both whole mouth and first molars in the NaF rinse and gel groups as compared with the control gorup(toothpaste alone). Although the gel group consistently had less decalcification than the rinse group, this difference only approached statistical significance.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.813-821
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between health behavior and oral symptoms in Korean adolescents. Methods: The subjects were 72,060 adolescents who were selected from the web-based survey of the 10th (2014) Korean Youth Risk Behavior of Korean Center for Disease Control. Data were analyzed by PASW statistics 18.0. A web-based self-reported questionnaire was completed by 74,167 middle and high school students. The subjects consisted of 36,470 boy students (52.2%) and 35,590 girl students (47.8%) from 400 middle schools and 400 high schools. Results: Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that experience of oral symptoms were related with sex, age, academic achievement, economic status, alcohol drinking, moderate physical activity, muscular strength exercises, walking, fruit consumption, milk consumption, fast food consumption, snack consumption, daily tooth brushing frequency, use of fluoride toothpaste, school based oral health education, dental sealant and dental scaling. Conclusions: There were close relationship between heath behavior, oral health behavior, and experience of oral symptoms. To improve the health promotion for the adolescents, oral health program development and primary prevention strategy must be established.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.136-144
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze the differences in factors related to the incidence of dental caries between children in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas and compared the DMFT and DMFS scores to confirm the effect of water fluoridation program (WFP) in Geoje and Changwon. Methods: The oral health examination and questionnaire survey were conducted in fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas. The number of surveyed children aged 8, 10, and 12 years in the fluoridated and non-fluoridated area of two cities was 1,524 and 1,383, respectively. Self-recorded questionnaires included self-perception of their own dental health, daily toothbrushing frequency, intake frequency of cariogenic sweet snacks and beverages, experience of gingival bleeding, experience of unmet dental treatment, and use of oral hygiene device except for toothbrush and toothpaste. The prevalence of caries and fissure-sealant status were surveyed. The logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the difference in children's self-rated oral health status between the fluoridated and non-fluoridated area. The mean number of sealed teeth and surfaces, marginal means of the DMFT and DMFS scores adjusted for the difference in the samples' sex distribution, and region were compared between the fluoridated and non-fluoridated areas. Results: In the fluoridated area, the experience rate of unmet dental treatments was higher among children aged 10 years, intake frequency of cariogenic sweet snacks and beverages were higher among the whole sample, and experience rate of professional fluoride application were lower than in the non-fluoridated area. The DMFT score for permanent dentition adjusted for differences in sex, region, and mean number of fissure-sealed teeth in the fluoridated area was significantly lower among whole samples and 8-, 10-, and 12-year-olds alone than in the non-fluoridated area. Conclusions: WFP can alleviate oral health inequality because it is effective in reducing the incidence of caries among children is disadvantaged demographic, socioeconomic, and cultural contexts.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2011

Objectives : To investigate the knowledge and recognition level of fluorine by teaching career among class teachers, who are primarily responsible for oral health education, despite lack of expertise in oral health, by playing a model role for students through continuous contacts with them, and provide basic elementary data about accurate knowledge and how to correctly use fluorine remarkably effective in preventing dental caries. Methods : A self-administered survey was conducted with 539 teachers at 21 elementary schools in Jinhae City from September 1 to October 15, 2010, drawing the following conclusions. Results : 1. As for the channel for acquiring knowledge of oral health, the highest frequency was found in health programs for respondents with less than 9 years of career, in dental clinics for those with 20 to 29 years of career, and in PR booklets for those with 10 to 19 years and 30 years and longer of career. 2. Use of fluorine-containing toothpaste and fluorine spread is very effective and effective in preventing dental caries got 64.9%, 72.2%, 72.3%, 77.7% and 54.0%, 63.1%, 62.2%, 69.7%, respectively, among elementary school teachers with less than 9 years, 10 to 19 years, 20 to 29 years, and 30 years and longer of career. 3. Intake of fluoride and toothbrushing with fluoric solution is very effective and effective in preventing dental caries got 33.3%, 40.1%, 39.5%, 55.3% and 50.0%, 54.9%, 48.8%, 69.7%, respectively, among elementary school teachers with less than 9 years, 10 to 19 years, 20 to 29 years, and 30 years and longer of career. 4. Use of fluoric tablets is very effective and effective in preventing dental caries got 32.9%, 36.0%, 36.1%, 47.3%, respectively, among elementary school teachers with less than 9 years, 10 to 19 years, 20 to 29 years, and 30 years and longer of career. 5. Most of the elementary school teachers knew the fact that fluorine increases dental resistance to cavity and prevents bacterial growth but gave incorrect responses to properties of becoming basic nutrients or inducing recalcification. Conclusions : Various types of application of fluorine during the elementary-level childhood experiencing the most frequent dental caries will be very useful in improving oral health in the future. It is necessary to enable class teachers to get correct recognition of fluorine through supplementary and job training based on technical knowledge and various educational materials so that they, who are directly responsible for health management through continuous contacts with students, can understand how to correctly use fluorine and get accurate knowledge.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.670-684
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• 2009

Objectives : This research analyzed the general characteristics that closely affect the children's dental health and the mothers' dental health knowledge and dental health behavior to identify the correlation of the latter with the status of children's dental health in order to provide the basic data for the development of dental health business that would target children. Methods : Research subjects were selected arbitrarily from three nursery schools located in Busan metropolitan city, targeting 186 children between the ages of four to six and their mothers. The children were subjected to dental Inspection, and the status of their dental caries was studied whereas the mothers were subjected to the surveys on the general characteristics, dental health knowledge and dental health behavior. Results : 1. Level of mothers' dental health knowledge is higher when the mothers' educational level is higher(p=0.02) and when the household's monthly income is higher(p=0.009). 2. When the level of mothers' dental health knowledge is higher, children tended to brush their toothbrushing using proper method(p=0.025). Moreover, when the level of mothers' dental health knowledge is higher, they tended to take their children to dental clinic mostly for preventive measures than for treating cavity(p=0.023). 3. When the level of mothers' dental health knowledge is higher, children's dmft index was significantly low(p=0.02). When the mothers use fluoride-containing toothpaste, children's children' dmft index was even lower(p=0.02). 4. As the children tended to brush their teeth more often, dmft index was lower(p=0.003). When the reason that the children visited dental clinic was more to prevent, than to treat cavity, dmft index was even lower(p=0.000) Conclusions : When the above mentioned results are summarized, it is possible to know that the mothers' dental health knowledge and dental health behavior significantly affect children's dental health. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop maternal and child dental health program that factors in both the mothers and children in order to prevent children's dental caries and to increase their dental health, and continued care is required to discover and treat dental caries early on.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to find the attitude change for snack by military soldiers before and after entering military service. To investigate oral health status and improving activities, this survey was done for 318 soldiers at Gyeong-gi province Paju city and the results were as follows. After entering military service, the soldiers take more snacks than before and take snacks 2 or more times a day. Both smokers and non-smokers take more snacks after entering military service than before entering. The soldiers did not go dental clinic regularly. But they have lots of interests about oral health. As higher position and older, soldiers restrain themselves to taking sugar contained food, and the elder soldiers showed higher practical character for nutrition intake than younger soldiers. Private soldiers were least practical for brushing after meal and showed the highest level of fulfill for using fluoride contained toothpaste, regular scaling and checkup at dental clinic and flossing.