• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제6권6호
• /
• pp.113-131
• /
• 1998

The objective of the present study is to investigate the characteristics of the dividing flow in the laminar flow region. Using glycerine water solution(wt43%) for Newtonian fluid and the polymer of viscoelastic fluid(500wppm) for non-Newtonian fluid, this research investigates the flow state of the dividing tube in steady laminar flow region of the two dimensional dividing tube by measuring the effect of Reynolds number, dividing angle, and the flow rate ratio on the loss coefficient. In T- and Y-type tubes, the loss coefficients of the Newtonian fluid decreases in constant rate when the Reynolds number is below 100. The effect of the flow rate ratio on the loss coefficients is negligible. But when the Reynolds number is over 100, the loss coefficient with various flow rate ratios approach an asymptotic value. The loss coefficient of the non-Newtonian fluid for different the Reynolds number shows the similar tendency of the Newtonian fluid. And when the Reynolds number is over 300, the loss coefficient is approximately 1.03 regardless of flow rate ratio or the dividing angle. The aspect ratio does hardly influence the reattachment length and the loss coefficient of both Newtonian and non Newtonian fluid. The loss coefficient decreases as the Reynolds number increases. The loss coefficient of Newtonian fluid is larger than that of non-Newtonian fluid.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 2003

전산유체역학을 이용하여 전형적인 구조를 갖는 사이클론 분리기 시스템 내에서의 주입 가스 유동 및 입자 거 동해석을 통해 가스 주입 유속에 따른 입자 거동 양상을 3차원적으로 해석하였다. 해석 결과는 Navier-stokes 방정식을 이용한 유체 유동 현상과 Lagrangian 접근법을 이용한 입자 거동 경로 추적을 결합시켜 도출되었다. 주입 유속이 증가함에 따라 내부 압력 손실이 증가하였고 이런 내부 압력 변화는 분리기 내의 유체의 유동 양상에 영향을 미쳤다. 입자의 거동은 유체의 유동에 의해 결정되었으며 일정 유속에 대해서는 입자의 크기에 크게 의존하였다. 그리고 주입 유속의 증가는 입자의 경로를 증가시키면서 분리기의 하부 영역으로 이동시켰다. 이로 인해 분리기내에 존재하는 입자의 최소 크기가 작아지며 일정 크기의 입자의 경우 분리율이 증가하였다. 결론적으로 가스 유입 유속의 변화는 내부의 유체 유동 변화와 입자 거동 양상에 중요한 요인이 된다.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.189-196
• /
• 2008

The pulsatile flow of blood through a stenosed artery under the influence of external periodic body acceleration is studied. The effect of non-Newtonian nature of blood in small blood vessels has been taken into account by modeling blood as a Casson fluid. The non-linear coupled equations governing the flow are solved using perturbation analysis assuming that the Womersley frequency parameter is small which is valid for physiological situations in small blood vessels. The effect of pulsatility, stenosis, body acceleration, yield stress of the fluid and pressure gradient on the yield plane locations, velocity distribution, flow rate, shear stress and frictional resistance are investigated. It is noticed that the effect of yield stress and stenosis is to reduce flow rate and increase flow resistance. The impact of body acceleration is to enhance the flow rate and reduces resistance to flow.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 1987년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(한일합동학술편); 한국과학기술대학, 충남; 16-17 Oct. 1987
• /
• pp.753-758
• /
• 1987

The purpose of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) plant control is to provide stable power efficiently by appropriately regulating the seawater flow rates and the working fluid flow rate under conditions of continually changing seawater temperatures. This paper describes digital control of working fluid flow rate based on an adaptive control theory for the "Imari 2" OTEC plant at Saga University. Provisions have been made for linkage between the software of the adaptive control theory and the hardware of the OTEC plant. In implementing the working fluid flow rate control, if persistency of excitation conditions are lost, the algorithm of identification often exhibits bursting phenomena. To avoid this difficulty, the stopping-and-starting rule for identification was derived and was used for the working fluid flow rate control. Satisfactory control performance was then obtained by using this digital control system.ol system.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제17권7호
• /
• pp.1841-1850
• /
• 1993

A simplified one-dimensional analysis has been performed to predict the local pressure distributions in Y-Jet twin-fluid atomizers. Fluid compressibility was considered both in the gas(air) and two-phase(mixing) ports. The annular-mist flow model was adopted to analyze the flow in the mixing port. A series of experiments also has been performed; the results show that the air flow rate increases and the liquid flow rate decreases with the increase of the air injection pressure and/or with the decrease of the liquid injection pressure. From the measured injection pressures and flow rates, the appropriate constants for the correlations of the pressure loss coefficients and the rate of drop entrainment were decided. The local pressures inside the nozzle by prediction reasonably agree with those by the experiments.

• 대한치과재료학회지
• /
• 제43권1호
• /
• pp.17-28
• /
• 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in dentinal permeability after application of dentin desensitizer on exposed dentin immediately after ultrasonic scaling to teeth with non-carious cervical lesions. Thirty caries-free extracted molars were fixed to slide glasses after horizontally being sectioned at 5 mm below the cemento- enamel junction (CEJ). The prepared specimen was connected to a fluid flow measuring device (nano-Flow), and a V-shaped cavity was formed at the CEJ to imitate the non-carious cervical lesion. After no fluid leakage was confirmed in the connected system with specimen, tooth surface was treated ultrasonic cleaning with piezoelectric ultrasonic scalers until dentinal tubules were exposed. And 6 different desensitizers were applied on exposed dentin. Real-time measurements of dentinal fluid flow were performed during ultrasonic scaling and application of dentin desensitizer. To evaluate the occlusion of exposed dentinal tubules, tooth surface was examined by SEM. Following results were observed. After ultrasonic scaling, more dentinal tubules were exposed on the tooth with non-carious cervical lesions compared to tooth without lesions. The rate of fluid flow measured with nano-Flow system had correlation with the degree of dentin occlusion observed with SEM after application of desensitizers on exposed dentin. Desensitizers with glutaraldehyde and HEMA did not decrease the rate of fluid flow and did not show dentin occlusion. Desensitizers with oxalate showed the limited effects on the rate of fluid flow and dentinal tubule occlusion. Desensitizer with resin monomer showed the significant effect on the rate of fluid flow and dentin occlusion.

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.24-33
• /
• 2004

The effect of the working fluid flow conditions and nozzle geometry on the spray performance of a twin-fluid nozzle used in Selective Catalytic Reduction is investigated experimentally. The liquid pressure is varied in the range of 0.3atm to 1.5atm and the air pressure is varied from the 0.5atm to 3.0atm. relative position between liquid nozzle(internal nozzle) and air nozzle(external nozzle) tip changes front 1mm inside the air nozzle to 1mm outside the air nozzle. The orifice diameter of the air nozzle is varied with 5mm. 6mm and 7mm. Spray visualization is realized with CCD-Camera. SMD(Sauter Mean Diameter) and mean particle velocities are measured by PDPA(Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer) under various experimental conditions. The measuring point is 300mm away from the nozzle tip in the downstream spray. The experimental results are that spray angle is depended air flow rate because nozzle diameter, air pressure and nozzle tip relative positions are related air flow rate. SMD is depended air flow rate and water flow rate. Also, SMD is increased when water flow rate is bigger. SMD is decreased when Air flow rate is bigger.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.102-110
• /
• 2012

The objective of this study is to improve the performance of a hybrid ground source heat pump (HGSHP) by optimizing the flow distribution ratio of secondary fluid flow rate between a ground loop and a supplemental loop. Initially, a conventional ground source heat pump (GSHP) was tested to determine an optimum flow rate of the secondary fluid. Based on the selected optimum value, the HGSHP was also tested by varying the flow distribution ratio of the secondary fluid flow rate between the ground loop and the supplemental loop, such as 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, and 3:7. The results showed that the optimum flow distribution ratio of the secondary fluid flow rate was 7:3. The COP of the HGSHP was improved by 19% over the GSHP at a flow distribution ratio of 7:3 and an entering water temperature of $40^{\circ}C$.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제45권2호
• /
• pp.257-264
• /
• 2013

In Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU)-type nuclear power plants, the reactor is composed of 380 fuel channels and refueling is performed on one or two channels per day. At the time of refueling, the fluid force of the cooling water inside the channel is exploited. New fuel added upstream of the fuel channel is moved downstream by the fluid force of the cooling water, and the used fuel is pushed out. Through this process, refueling is completed. Among the 380 fuel channels, outer rows 1 and 2 (called the FARE channel) make the process of using only the internal fluid force impossible because of the low flow rate of the channel cooling water. Therefore, a Flow Assist Ram Extension (FARE) tool, a refueling aid, is used to refuel these channels in order to compensate for the insufficient fluid force. The FARE tool causes flow resistance, thus allowing the fuel to be moved down with the flow of cooling water. Although the existing FARE tool can perform refueling in Korean plants, the coolant flow rate is reduced to below 80% of the normal flow for some time during refueling. A Flow rate below 80% of the normal flow cause low flow rate alarm signal in the plant operation. A flow rate below 80% of the normal flow may cause difficulties in the plant operation because of the increase in the coolant temperature of the channel. A new and improved FARE tool is needed to address the limitations of the existing FARE tool. In this study, we identified the cause of the low flow phenomena of the existing FARE tool. A new and improved FARE tool has been designed and manufactured. The improved FARE tool has been tested many times using laboratory test apparatus and was redesigned until satisfactory results were obtained. In order to confirm the performance of the improved FARE tool in a real plant, the final design FARE tool was tested at Wolsong Nuclear Power Plant Unit 2. The test was carried out successfully and the low flow rate alarm signal was eliminated during refueling. Several additional improved FARE tools have been manufactured. These improved FARE tools are currently being used for Korean CANDU plant refueling.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
• /
• pp.2492-2494
• /
• 2003

Urine analysis is one of the most important medical examination in the hospital. Not only the data for the ingredients of urine through chemical analysis, but also the data related to fluid dynamics, e.g., peak flow rate, average flow rate, may provide some useful information about patient's state of health. Therefore, we develop the portable system to measure and analyse fluid volume/flow rate in this study. This system can store and print the measured data during the pre-specified time interval, and provide some meaningful data related with fluid dynamics. We explain the method and the technical stuff to implement the system, and show the result.