• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.223-238
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• 2002

This paper presented on an environment estimation of cutting fluid which is a mouse model of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis using cutting fluid in grinding and cutting. Above results will be remarked the necessity of friendly environmental cutting skill when it had used in workshop. The results of a mouse experimental using cutting fluid showed that it are occurred to the respiratory organs sickness. Also cutting fluid are occurred to hurtfulness a person when it used to grinding and cutting in workshop. Also, the results of grinding experiments in avitation materials showed that surface roughness are superior to more emulsion type oil than vegetable type oil according to increase of the depth of cut. Grinding force are similar to both emulsion type oil and vegetable type oil.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.231-236
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• 1994

Fluid inclusions have been studied in phenocryst quartz from the Cretaceous porphyritic granite. Three main types of fluid inclusion were found: liquid-rich inclusion (I type), gas-rich inclusion (II type) and solid-bearing inclusions (III-A, III-B). The solid-bearing inclusions (III-A, B) represent the earliest trapped fluids. They have salinities between 63 and 67.5 wt.% equivalent NaCl. These are high saline inclusions containing NaCl and KCl daughter crystals. Homogenization temperature inferred from the fluid inclusion study ranges from 620 to $700^{\circ}C$. Type I and II inclusions were observed within the same fracture. This cause for these differences in degree of filling is evidence of boiling. Salinities of type I and II inclusions range from 10.24 wt.% to 13.44 wt.%, from 8.4 wt.% to 11.48 wt.% NaCl equivalent, respectively.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005년도 후기학술대회논문집
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• pp.256-257
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• 2005

This paper has been carried out to investigate heat transfer characteristics of loop type capillary heat pipe using R141b as a working fluid. In an experiment heat load are changed from 50W to 250W and the temperature of cooling water is fixed to 20$^{circ}C$ . The heat pipe is composed of 10 turns and outer diameter of heat pipe is 3.2mm. The results show that heat transport rate of this type heat pipe using R141b as a working fluid is good.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2013

대화광상은 경기육괴의 편마암류와 화강암류에 발달한 열극을 충진 발달한 함 Mo-W 열수 맥상 광상이다. 대화광상의 몰리브덴-텅스텐 광화작용과 관련된 주요 수반광물인 석영에서 관찰되는 유체포유물은 상온 ($20^{\circ}C$) 에서의 상(phase) 관계와 냉각 및 가열 실험을 통해 측정된 균일화 온도와 상변화를 기초로 하여 3가지 주요 유형 (Type I, 액상이 우세한 $H_2O$-NaCl 유형; Type II, 기상이 우세한 $H_2O$-NaCl 유형; Type III; $CO_2-H_2O$-NaCl 유형) 으로 분류된다. 또한, 함 $CO_2$ Type III 유체포유물은 $CO_2$ 균일화 및 최종 균일화 특성을 바탕으로 4가지 유형 (IIIa, IIIb, IIIc, IIId)으로 세분된다. 대화광상 Type I 유체포유물의 균일화 온도는 약 $374^{\circ}C{\sim}161^{\circ}C$로 넓은 범위를 보여주며, 염농도 역시 약 13.6~0.5 equiv. wt. % NaCl의 넓은 조성 범위를 보인다. Type III 유체포유물 냉각 실험 시 측정된 $CO_2$ 상의 용융 온도는 $-57.4{\sim}-56.6^{\circ}C$이며, $CO_2$ 균일화 온도는 $29.0{\sim}30.8^{\circ}C$이다. 또한 $CO_2$ clathrate 용융 온도는 $7.3{\sim}9.5^{\circ}C$로 염농도는 5.2~1.0 equiv. wt. % NaCl이고, 최종 균일화 온도는 $303^{\circ}C{\sim}251^{\circ}C$로 비교적 좁은 범위로 확인되었다. $CO_2-H_2O$-NaCl계 (Type III) 유체포유물의 경우 온도가 감소함에 따라 염농도 역시 감소하는데, 이는 높은 염농도를 가진 $H_2O$-NaCl계 유체와 낮은 염농도를 가진 $CO_2-H_2O$-NaCl계 유체의 불혼화에 의해 열수의 진화가 이루어졌음을 의미한다. Type I 유체포유물은 온도 감소와 염농도 사이의 뚜렷한 변화가 인지되지 않았다. 따라서, 대화 열수계의 함 몰리브덴-중석 광화작용은 $400^{\circ}C$, 5.2 equiv. wt.% NaCl의 염농도를 가진 광화유체로부터 시작되어, 약 $350^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 유체의 불혼화 용융에 의해 진행되었다. 이후 대화 열수계에 유입된 상대적으로 낮은 온도와 염농도를 갖는 유체 (천수 또는 상대적으로 높은 물/암석 비를 갖는 열수유체) 의 혼입 작용에 의해 후기 천금속 광화작용이 야기되었다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to investigate experimentally atomization characteristics for differently made an ultrasonic twin-fluid nozzle. A spray system, an ultrasonic system, and three different type(Nozzle type, Tube type, Conventional type)are made and tested by applied with ultrasonic energy. In this investigation, the measurement and calculation of spray droplet are to analyze the effects of ultrasonic energy on the agricultural atomization system. Through the measurement of suray angle, spray column using, high speed camera and PDA, it is found that nozzle type is highest efficiency than that of tube type and conventional type. It was found that the ultrasonic energy increased the atomization efficiency of spray droplets about 9% respectively and spray angle was wide spray.

• 태양에너지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2000

The purpose of this research is to study on the heat transfer characteristics of separate type heat pipe with a rotor. The heat transfer characteristics of the rotor condenser are various on input heat of evaporator, rotational speeds of rotor, and working fluid amount. The results obtained from the study are as follows. 1. Magnetic fluid using seal of the rotor operated in stability by a variation of temperature and rotation speeds. The configuration of magnetic fluid seal assembly was adequate. 2. Steam ejector is effective in recovering working fluid condensate in the rotor. When steam ejector is operating, the heat flux of working fluid does not change, with the wall temperature in the rotor. 3. The optimum design conditions on working fluid amount and rotational speeds are effective in evaporator volume 50%, rotational speeds 200rpm, 300rpm, and operating temperature $80^{\circ}C$. With working fluid amount increasing, overall heat transfer coefficient decreases linearly.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.571-572
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• 2008

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.321-324
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• 2002

Hydraulic valve control the pressure and the How of fluid by the hydraulic oil transfered from pump but the ER fluid consists of solid particles of micrometer in size and insulating oil so in the general hydraulic valve. We invented ER-Valve using ER fluid as working fluid. The ER fluid, working fluid of ER-Valve is a functional fluid to represent the feature of fluid according to strength of electric field. In this research we made our own 4 types of plate type ER-Valve which has same surface but different width and length and then we conducted performance test. We measured flow rate and pressure drop of fluid which is flowing in the ER-Valve according to the electric field strength to conduct this test. We modeling ER-Valve relating to ER-Valve system and yield shear stress according to the strength of electric field. We used the pressure drop according to the strength of electric field by differential pressure gauge in the our own made ER-Valve. This test reviewed experimental the special changes of ER-Fluid in the steady flow condition.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.1540-1555
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• 2021

The plate-type fuel assembly adopted in nuclear research reactor suffers from complicated effect induced by non-uniform irradiation, which might affect its stress conditions, mechanical behavior and thermal-hydraulic performance. A reliable numerical method is of great importance to reveal the complex evolution of mechanical deformation, flow redistribution and temperature field for the plate-type fuel assembly under non-uniform irradiation. This paper is the first part of a two-part study developing the numerical methodology for the thermal-fluid-structure coupling behaviors of plate-type fuel assembly under irradiation. In this paper, the thermal-fluid-structure coupling methodology has been developed for plate-type fuel assembly under non-uniform irradiation condition by exchanging thermal-hydraulic and mechanical deformation parameters between Finite Element Model (FEM) software and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software with Mesh-based parallel Code Coupling Interface (MpCCI), which has been validated with experimental results. Based on the established methodology, the effects of non-uniform irradiation and fluid were discussed, which demonstrated that the maximum mechanical deformation with irradiation was dozens of times larger than that without irradiation and the hydraulic load on fuel plates due to differential pressure played a dominant role in the mechanical deformation.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2017

Magnetic fluid, a new type of magnetic material, is a colloidal liquid constituted of nano-scale ferromagnetic particles suspended in carrier fluid. Magnetic fluid sealing is one of the most successful applications of magnetic fluid. As a new type of seal offering the advantages of no leakage, long life and high reliability, the magnetic fluid seal has been widely utilized under vacuum- and low-pressure-differential conditions. In practical applications, for improved pressure capacity, a multistage sealing structure is always used. However, in engineering applications, a uniform distribution of magnetic fluid under each tooth often cannot be achieved, which problem weakens the overall pressure capacity of the seals. In order to improve the pressure capacity of magnetic fluid seals and broaden their applications, the present study theoretically and experimentally analyzed the degree of non-uniform distribution of multistage magnetic fluid seals. A mathematical model reflecting the relationship between the pressure capacity and the distribution of magnetic fluid under a single tooth was constructed, and a formula showing the relationship between the volume of magnetic fluid and its contact width with the shaft was derived. Furthermore, the relationship of magnetic fluid volume to capacity was analyzed. Thereby, the causes of non-uniform distribution could be verified: injection of magnetic fluid; the assembly of magnetic fluid seals; the change of magnetic fluid silhouette under pressure loading; the magnetic fluid sealing mechanism of pressure transmission, and seal failure. In consideration of these causes, methods to improve the pressure capacity of magnetic fluid seals was devised (and is herein proposed).