• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.363-374
• /
• 2009

The 2D flow around 13 similar stay-vane profiles with different trailing edge geometries is investigated to determinate the main characteristics of the excitation forces for each one of them and their respective dynamic behaviors when modeled as a free-oscillating system. The main goal is avoid problems with cracks of hydraulic turbines components. A stay vane profile with a history of cracks was selected as the basis for this work. The commercial finite-volume code $FLUENT^{(R)}$ was employed in the simulations of the stationary profiles and, then, modified to take into account the transversal motion of elastically mounted profiles with equivalent structural stiffness and damping. The k-$\omega$ SST turbulence model is employed in all simulations and a deforming mesh technique used for models with profile motion. The static-model simulations were carried out for each one of the 13 geometries using a constant far field flow velocity value in order to determine the lift force oscillating frequency and amplitude as a function of the geometry. The free-oscillating stay-vane simulations were run with a low mass-damping parameter ($m^*{\xi}=0.0072$) and a single mean flow velocity value (5m/s). The structural bending stiffness of the stay-vane is defined by the Reduced Velocity parameter (Vr). The dynamic analyses were divided into two sets. The first set of simulations was carried out only for one profile with $2{\leq}Vr{\leq}12$. The second set of simulations focused on determining the behavior of each one of the 13 profiles in resonance.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제33권5호
• /
• pp.207-213
• /
• 2017

In sliding bearings, viscous friction due to high shear acting on the bearing surface raises the oil temperature. One of the mechanisms responsible for generating the load-carrying capacity in parallel surfaces is known as the viscosity wedge effect. In this paper, we investigate the effect of film-temperature boundary conditions on the thermohydrodynamic (THD) lubrication of parallel slider bearings. For this purpose, the continuity equation, Navier-Stokes equation, and the energy equation with temperature-viscosity-density relations are numerically analyzed using the commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code FLUENT. Two different film-temperature boundary conditions are adopted to investigate the pressure generation mechanism. The temperature and viscosity distributions in the film thickness and flow directions were obtained, and the factors related to the pressure generation in the equation of motion were examined in detail. It was confirmed that the temperature gradients in the film and flow directions contribute heavily to the thermal wedge effect, due to which parallel slider bearing can not only support a considerable load but also reduce the frictional force, and its effect is significantly changed with the film-temperature boundary conditions. The present results can be used as basic data for THD analysis of surface-textured sliding bearings; however, further studies on various film-temperature boundary conditions are required.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.288-295
• /
• 2017

In order to improve the efficiency and reliability of the machine, the friction should be minimized. The most widely used method to minimize friction is to maintain the fluid lubrication state. However, we can reduce friction only up to a certain limit because of viscosity. As a result of several recent studies, surface texturing has significantly reduced the friction in highly sliding machine elements, such as mechanical seals and thrust bearings. Thus far, theoretical studies have mainly focused on isothermal/iso-viscous conditions and have not taken into account the heat generation, caused by high viscous shear, and the temperature conditions on the bearing surface. In this study, we investigate the effect of dimple depth and film-temperature boundary conditions on the thermohydrodynamic (THD) lubrication of textured parallel slider bearings. We analyzed the continuity equation, the Navier-Stokes equation, the energy equation, and the temperature-viscosity and temperature-density relations using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FLUENT. We compare the temperature and pressure distributions at various dimple depths. The increase in oil temperature caused by viscous shear was higher in the dimple than in the bearing outlet because of the action of the strong vortex generated in the dimple. The lubrication characteristics significantly change with variations in the dimple depths and film-temperature boundary conditions. We can use the current results as basic data for optimum surface texturing; however, further studies are required for various temperature boundary conditions.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제30권9호
• /
• pp.825-833
• /
• 2006

To investigate the moderator coolability for CANDU-6 reactors, a test facility (HU-KINS) has been manufactured as a 1/8 scaled-down of a calandria tank. In the design of the test facility, a scaling law was developed in such a way to consider the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of a CANDU-6 moderator. The proposed scaling law takes into consideration of the energy conservation, the dynamic similitude such as dimensionless numbers, Archimedes number (Ar) and Reynolds number (Re), and thermal-hydraulic properties similitude. Using this proposed scaling law, the thermal-hydraulic scaling analyses of similar test facilities such as the SPEL (1/10 scale) and the STERN (1/4 scale), have been identified. As a result, in the case of the SPEL, while the energy conservation is well defined, the similarities of Ar and the heat density are not well considered. As for the similarity of the STERN, while both the energy conservation and the characteristics of Ar are well defined, the heat density is not. In the meanwhile, the HU-KINS test facility with 1/8 length scaled-down is well similitude in compliance with all similarities of the energy conservation, the fluid dynamics and thermal-hydraulic properties. To verify the adequacy of the similarities in terms of thermal-hydraulics, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis has been conducted using the CFX-5 code. As the results of the CFD analyses, the predicted flow patterns and variation of axial properties inside the calandria tank are well consistant with those of previous studies performed with FLUENT and this implies that the present scaling method is acceptable.

• 항공우주기술
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2011

발사체의 추진공급계 시스템에서 사용되는 충전/배출 밸브는 지상에서 작동하며 구동가스 공급에 의해 극저온 산화제를 산화제 탱크에 주입 또는 배출하는 역할을 한다. 유즈노이사에서 설계한 산화제 충전/배출 밸브의 설계 자료를 검토하여 수정하였다. 충전/배출 밸브의 제작에 앞서 설계 검증 및 기본적인 작동 특성을 분석하기 위해 AMESim 상용코드를 이용하여 해석 모델을 구성하였다. 밸브 모델을 이용해서 설계 변수에 대해 동특성 해석을 수행하여 밸브 개폐 작동 시간, 작동 성능, 개방 압력을 예상하였다. 본 연구 결과는 한국형 발사체 추진공급계 충전/배출 밸브의 설계 및 선행 연구에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제19권12호
• /
• pp.821-830
• /
• 2007

Feedwater heaters of many nuclear power plants have recently experienced severe wall thinning damage, which will increase as operating time progresses. Several nuclear power plants in Korea have experienced wall thinning damage in the area around the impingement baffle-installed downstream of the high pressure turbine extraction steam line- inside number 5A and 5B feedwater heaters. At that point, the extracted steam from the high pressure turbine is two phase fluid at high temperature, high pressure, and high speed. Since it flows in reverse direction after impinging the impingement baffle, the shell wall of the number 5 high pressure feedwater heater may be affected by flow-accelerated corrosion. This paper describes the comparisons between the numerical results using the FLUENT code and the down scale experimental data on effect of geometry of the impingement baffle plate on the shell wall thinning. Additionally, a new type impingement baffle plate was installed above the impingement baffle plate in the feedwater heater and then the numerical and experimental study were performed in the same progress.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.941-951
• /
• 2016

The aim of this work is to simulate the thermohydraulic consequences of a main steam line break and to compare the obtained results with Rossendorf Coolant Mixing Model (ROCOM) 1.1 experimental results. The objective is to utilize data from steady-state mixing experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations to determine the flow distribution and the effect of thermal mixing phenomena in the primary loops for the improvement of normal operation conditions and structural integrity assessment of pressurized water reactors. The numerical model of ROCOM was developed using the FLUENT code. The positions of the inlet and outlet boundary conditions and the distribution of detailed velocity/turbulence parameters were determined by preliminary calculations. The temperature fields of transient calculation were averaged in time and compared with time-averaged experimental data. The perforated barrel under the core inlet homogenizes the flow, and therefore, a uniform temperature distribution is formed in the pressure vessel bottom. The calculated and measured values of lowest temperature were equal. The inlet temperature is an essential parameter for safety assessment. The calculation predicts precisely the experimental results at the core inlet central region. CFD results showed a good agreement (both qualitatively and quantitatively) with experimental results.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.60-66
• /
• 2012

One of commonly physical phenomena encountered in pump sump systems in which its significant influence to the hydraulic performance of pump system plays an important role in the field of fluid engineering, is the appearance of free surface and submerged vortices. In this paper, a study of the vortices behavior and their formative mechanism of asymmetry is considered in this paper by using numerical approach. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and k-omega Shear Stress Transport turbulence model used to describe the properties of turbulent flows, in company with VOF multiphase model, are implemented by Fluent code with multi-block structured grid system. In the numerical simulation, the calculated elevation of air-water interface and vortex core contours are used to classify visually surface vortices as well as submerged vortices. It is shown that the free surface vortex is identified by the concavity of liquid region from the free surface and swirling flow at that own plane. To investigate the distinctive behavior of these vortices corresponding to each given flow rate at the same water level, some numerical testing of them are considered here in such a manner that the flow pattern of surface vortex are obtained similarly to the obtained results from experiment. Furthermore, the influence due to the change of grid refinement and the variation of depth of the concavity are also considered in this paper. From that, these influential factors will be implemented to design a good pump sump with higher performance in the future.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제56권6호
• /
• pp.507-514
• /
• 2019

Computational studies of accelerating flow around 2D Circular Cylinder was performed to investigate characteristics of wake field and drag forces. Previous studies had revealed that drag on the cylindrical body in accelerating flow is much greater than that in the flow with constant velocity; however, the underlying physics on the drag increase has not been clearly investigated. In order to investigate the drag increase and its relationship with wake development, this study employed a finite-volume based CFD code, Fluent 13.0 with k-ω SST model for turbulence effects. Inflows are modeled with varied accelerations from 0.4905 to 9.81m/s². The drag computed in the present study is in good agreement with previous studies, and clearly shows the increase compared to the drag on the body in the flow with constant velocity. The results also show that drag crisis observed at high Reynolds number in the case of the flow with constant velocity is also found in the case of accelerating flow. The analysis for wake and recirculation length shows that conventional vortex shedding does not occur even at high Reynolds number and the drag increase is larger at higher acceleration.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제31권10호
• /
• pp.845-852
• /
• 2007

OWE형 파력발전장치는 해수면의 승강운동을 공기실 내의 공기 흐름으로 전환하고 이를 터빈의 구동력으로 사용하는 발전장치이다. 파랑에너지가, 터빈으로 유입되는 공기에너지로 전환하도록 하는 공기실의 내부 수위의 주기적 변동은 상하대칭이 이루어지지 않고, 공기실 내 공기 유동의 압축과 팽창 과정에서 유량차가 발생하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 이를 이용하여 보다 많은 유량을 임펄스터빈의 압력면으로 유도하여 날개의 압력면과 흡입면의 압력차를 크게 하는 Staggered Blade의 적용에 대해 검토하고 그에 대한 성능 해석을 수행하였다. 터빈의 압력면으로의 공기 흐름을 제어하기 위해 Self-Pitched Blade(가변 피치 날개)를 제안하였고, 이러한 유량차를 토대로 동 조건에서 최대의 발전량과 최고 효율의 터빈을 설계하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다.