• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.266-275
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• 2005

목 적 : 바이러스는 소아 하기도 감염증의 가장 흔한 원인으로 소아에서 흔히 이환되어 모세기관지염, 폐렴, 크룹, 기관 기관지염 등의 하기도 감염을 일으키는 원인 바이러스들로서 이들의 유행 시기 및 임상 양상을 조사하여 각 질환의 특성을 알아 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1998년 9월부터 2003년 5월까지 한림대학교 한강성심병원과 강남성심병원 소아과에 급성 호흡기 감염증으로 입원했던 환아 10,630명 중 총 4,554례에서 비인두 흡인물을 채취하여 바이러스 배양 및 단일 클론 항체를 이용한 면역 형광 검사법으로 881례(19%)에서 호흡기바이러스가 분리되었다. 그 중 모세기관지염, 폐렴, 크룹, 기관 기관지염 등의 급성 하기도 감염증으로 진단 받은 837례의 의무기록을 후향적으로 고찰하였다. 결 과 : 1) RSV가 485례(55%)로 가장 많았고, PIV 152례(17%), FluA 114례(13%), ADV 79례(9%), FluB 51례(6%) 순이었다. 2) 발생시기는 RSV의 경우 연중 발생하였고, 주로 11-12월에 많았다. PIV 매년 4-6월에 최고치를 이루었고, FluA는 매년 11-12월부터 다음해 1월까지 발생하였으나, 2002년 1월과 11월에 가장 많았다. FluB는 매년 3-4월에 유행하였고, 그 중 2002년 4월에 최고치를 이루었다. ADV는 연중 비슷하게 발생하였다. 3) 남녀 성별 비는 3 : 2로 남아가 더 많았고, 중앙연령은 9개월이었다. 4) 임상적 진단에는 세기관지염 395례(47%), 폐렴 305례(36%), 크룹73례(9%), 기관 기관지염 64례(8%)의 순이었고, RSV의 경우 세기관지염이 280례(60%)였다. 5) 임상증상 및 징후에는 각 바이러스 모두 기침(96%), 가래(83%), 비루(65%), 발열(61%)이 많았고, ADV는 설사(23%)가 다른 바이러스에 비해 많았다. 6) 청진 소견으로 천명음이 들렸던 경우는 RSV가 55%로 많았고, 수포음은RSV(47%), ADV(43%), FluA(40%) 순이었다. 건성수포음은 FluB가 49%로 많았으며, 협착음은 PIV가 27%로 높았다. 7) 말초 혈액 백혈구 수는 전체 62%에서 정상이었고, 36%에서 증가하였다. 적혈구 침강 속도는 30%에서 증가하였고, C 반응 단백은 20%에서 양성이었다. 8) 방사선 소견은 고찰이 가능하였던 803례 중 각 바이러스 모두 정상 소견이 557례(69%)로 가장 많았고, 특징적으로 하인두 확장은 PIV에서 31례(21%)로 현저하게 많았다. 결 론 : 소아에서 급성 하기도 감염증의 중요한 원인을 차지하는 호흡기 바이러스는 각각 발생시기 및 유행 양상에서 차이를 보였으나, 임상 양상은 서로 비슷하였고, 배양검사 결과가 확인되기 이전에 정확한 원인 바이러스를 예측하고 규명하기에는 어려운 점이 있었다. 이에 질병을 예측할 수 있는 신속한 진단법들이 개발되어 항바이러스제제를 적절한 시기에 선택하고 또한 예방접종시기를 예측하는데 도움이 되어야겠다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2010

Purpose: To identify the need to reform in the crisis response of Health Teacher, School Nurse, in elementary school during epidemic outbreak of influenza H1N1. Methods: 139 elementary health teachers, school nurse, in seoul elementary school responded in the questionnaire, and we analysed by using frequency and percent, t-test, and paired t-test. Results: The Job status became 121% more 'during influenza H1N1 (flu) outbreak' than Job status of 'before outbreak'. The proportion of the flu-related duty among their daily workload was up to 77.5%. The administration-related workload of the flu-related duty was 30.8%. and students' health assessment including temperature measurement 18.7%. Furthermore, an impediment of usual daily work due to an increaed flu-related workload was 95.7%, and no alternative plan such as disposition of assistant labor force was 86.1%. Especially, an impediment of health education was 61.0%, so the major concern was the loss of health education. We compared average scores (a five-point Likert scale) of health teachers' work motivation, exhaustion, work relationship and Job management of 'during' with 'before' flu-outbreak. The difference range of 'during' minus 'before' work motivation score was from -0.4 points to -0.9; work exhaustion range from 1.8 to 1.9; the difficulty of relationship between students, school personnel, parents of students, and health teachers from 1.4 points to 1.3 points; and the consideration of changing Job, taking time off from the Job and retirement from 1.4 to 1.6 points. Conclusion: The health teachers had a heavy workload due to flu-outbreak. They also experienced the impediment of usual work implementation. However, there was a shortage of alternative plan such as disposition of an assistant labor force. Under their Job status like this, the health teachers' motivation score was decreased and work exhaustion was increased. Furthermore, they had a lot of relation difficulty with students and school personnel. Therefore, we suggested that in contrast to the usual Job status, there is a need to have a prepared response during school crisis like flu-outbreak such as improved response system in seoul metropolitan education office, simplification or dispersion of administrative work, and temporary call-center for simple inquiries or advices.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2002-2010
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• 2006

This study examined the quenching of ofloxacin (OFL) and flumequine (FLU) fluorescence by $Cuj^{2+}$, $Ni^{2+}$, $Co^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$ in an aqueous solution. The change in the fluorescence intensity and lifetime was measured at various temperatures as a function of the quencher concentration. According to the Stern-Volmer plots, the fluorescence emission was quenched by both collisions (dynamic quenching) and complex formation (static quenching) with the same quencher but the effect of static quenching was larger than that of dynamic quenching. Large static and dynamic quenching constants for both OFL and FLU support significant ion-dipole and orbital-orbital interactions between fluorophore and quencher. For both molecules, the static and dynamic quenching constants by $Cu^{2+}$ were the largest among all the metal quenchers examined in this study. In addition, both the static and dynamic quenching mechanisms by $Cu^{2+}$ were somewhat different from the quenching caused by other metals. Between $Ni^{2+}$ and FLU, a different form of chemical interaction was observed compared with the interaction by other metals. The change in the absorption spectra as a result of the addition of a quencher provided information on static quenching. With all these metals, the static quenching constant of FLU was larger than those of OFL. The fluorescence of OFL was quite insensitive to both the dynamic and static quenching compared with FLU. This property of OFL can be explained by the twisted intramolecular charge transfer in the excited state.

• 셀메드
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.20.1-20.23
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• 2021

Background: The pandemic COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-COV-2 has spread like a forest fire. This disease may have serious consequences for pregnant women. Presently, no specific drugs or vaccines exist to battle this disease and researches are underway. Unani medicine has a unique role in prevention and management during epidemics. Here, we reviewed the overview of COVID-19 infection and pregnancy, concept and practices in Unani medicine for flu-like epidemics in general and pregnancy, and safety of Unani drugs for the prevention and treatment of mild symptomatic cases of COVID-19 during pregnancy. Methodology: Unani classical texts and pharmacopoeia were meticulously explored for concepts and practices for flu-like epidemic diseases. Further, we browsed scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus and others for an overview, epidemics and Unani medicine, effectiveness and safety of Unani drugs in COVID-19 and pregnancy. Results: Unani medicine includes prevention and management of flu-like epidemic include quarantine and isolation, aromatic herbal drugs fumigation and spraying for environmental disinfection, ilaj bid tadbir for health promotion and use of health-protecting drugs and symptom-specific drugs in general and related to pregnancy. Lahsun, asalussus, behidana, banafsha, zanjabeel, unnab, etc are in use since antiquity for the prevention and treatment of asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic pregnant women during infectious and epidemic diseases. Conclusion: Currently, the aforementioned plants are proven for antiviral, antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities, probably useful in the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, scientific studies have provided new insight into the mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of Unani medicines that are safe in pregnancy.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.681-693
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• 2019

다회용 점안제는 개봉 후 여러 번 사용되기 때문에 사용 중 품질저하 가능성이 높다. 다회용 점안제의 개봉 후 안정성 평가 관련 국내외 규정의 비교분석을 통해 제제별 안정성을 평가하여 개봉 후 안전한 사용기간을 제안하고자 한다. 국내에서 다빈도로 사용중인 다회용 점안제 4종(올로파타딘염산염(Olo), 플루오로메톨론(Flu), 도르졸라미드염산염(Dor), 티몰롤말레산염(Timol))을 대상으로 개봉 후 실제 사용방법에 따른 보관조건을 통해 안정성을 평가하였다. 연구결과 Olo는 개봉 2개월 이후 주성분 및 보존제 함량이 감소하였고, Flu는 개봉 후 28일 차부터 함량이 감소되었다. Dor와 Timol 복합점안제의 경우 Dor은 함량 및 유연물질이 개봉 후 14일부터, Timol의 함량은 개봉 후 28일부터 안정성 저하를 보였다. Olo, Flu은 개봉 후 28일 이내로, Dor, Timol은 개봉 후 14일 이내에만 사용되어야 한다. 무균제제인 다회용 점안제는 개봉 후 안정성 평가를 통해 사용기간 설정에 대한 규제제도 개선이 필요함을 제언하고자 한다.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.538-543
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• 2018

흰가루병은 시설 재배 박과류 작물에 광범위하게 발생하여 큰 경제적 피해를 유발하는 병으로서 흰가루병에 의한 피해를 예방하기 위해 실제 현장에서 사용할 수 있는 효과적인 방제체계의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 시설오이 재배지의 흰가루병에 대해 오이흰가루병에 등록된 서로 다른 계통의 4개 약제와 2종의 유기농 자재의 약제 교호살포체계별 방제효과를 조사하였다. Pyraclostrobin EC (Pyr, a.i. 22.9%), Hexaconazole SC (Hex, a.i. 2%), Flutianil EC (Flu, a.i. 5%), Penthiopyrad EC (Pen, a.i. 20%) 등 4종의 화학약제를 단일약제 반복처리 및 조합처리 방식으로 총 3회 처리한 결과 $Pyr{\rightarrow}Flu{\rightarrow}Pen$ 처리구는 87%의 높은 방제가를 나타낸 반면, Pyr 연속 3회 처리구는 32.5%의 낮은 방제가를 나타내어 해당 약제에 대한 저항성이 있음을 확인하였다. $Pyr{\rightarrow}Flu{\rightarrow}Pen$ 처리구와 보호용 살균제인 Iminoctadine-tris-albesilate SC (Imi)를 처리한 구 그리고 유기농 자재 2종의 교호살포 처리구의 방제가를 조사한 결과 $Imi{\rightarrow}Flu{\rightarrow}Pen$ 처리구의 방제가는 89%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 유기농자재 교차살포 처리구의 방제가는 66.3%로 나타났다. 시험 결과를 바탕으로 $Pyr{\rightarrow}Flu{\rightarrow}Pen$, $Imi{\rightarrow}Flu{\rightarrow}Pen$ 처리구는 시설 오이 재배지 내 발생하는 흰가루병 피해를 최소화할 수 있는 효과적인 약제교호살포체계로 생각된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1461-1462
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• 2011

• 공기청정기술
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2015

Connexin (Cx) is a complex which allows direct communication between neighboring cells via exchange of signaling molecules and eventually leads to functional harmony of cells in a tissue. The initial segment (IS) is an excurrent duct of male reproductive tract and expression of numerous genes in the IS are controlled by androgens and estrogens. The effects of these steroid hormones on gene expression in the IS during postnatal development have not extensively examined. The present research investigated expressional modulation of Cx isoforms in the IS by exogenous exposure to estrogen agonist, estradiol benzoate (EB), or androgen antagonist, flutamide (Flu), at weaning age. Two different doses of EB or Flu were subcutaneously administrated in 21-day old of male rats, and expressional changes of Cx isoforms in the adult IS were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Treatment of a low-dose EB ($0.015{\mu}g/kg$ body weight) resulted in an increased expression of Cx31 gene and a decreased expression of Cx37 gene. A high-dose EB ($1.5{\mu}g/kg$ body weight) treatment caused an increase of Cx31 gene expression. Increased levels of Cx30.3 and Cx40 transcripts were observed with a low-dose Flu ($500{\mu}g/kg$ body weight) treatment. Treatment of high-dose Flu (50 mg/kg body weight) led to expressional increases of Cx30.3, 40, and 43 genes. Our previous and present findings suggest differential responsiveness on gene expression of Cx isoforms in the IS by androgens and estrogens at different postnatal ages.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2016

The present research was chiefly designed to determine the effect of the treatment of estrogenic agonist, estradiol benzoate (EB), or antiandrogenic compound, flutamide (Flu), at the weaning age on the expression of connexin (Cx) isoforms in the caudal epididymis of adult male rat. Animals were subcutaneously administrated with a single shot of either EB at a low-dose ($0.015{\mu}g$ of EB/kg body weight (BW)) or a high-dose ($1.5{\mu}g$ of EB/kg BW) or Flu at a low-dose ($500{\mu}g$ of EB/kg BW) or a high-dose (5 mg of EB/kg BW). Expressional changes of Cx isoforms in the adult caudal epididymis were examined by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The treatment of a low-dose EB caused significant increases of Cx30.3, Cx31, Cx32, and Cx43 transcript levels but reduction of Cx31.1, Cx37, and Cx45 expression. Exposure to a high-dose EB resulted in very close responses observed in a low-dose EB treatment, except no significant expressional change of Cx37 and a significant induction of Cx40. Expression of all Cx isoforms, except Cx45, was significantly increased by a low-dose Flu treatment. Expressional increases of all Cx isoforms were detected by a high-dose Flu treatment. The current study demonstrates that a single exposure to estrogenic or antiandrogenic compound during the early postnatal developmental period is sufficient to disrupt normal expression of Cx isoforms in the adult caudal epididymis.