• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.565-572
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• 2011

The effects of chemical pretreatments on the excess sludge production in the membrane-coupled bioreactor were investigated. In addition, their effects on membrane fouling were also evaluated. Two membrane bioreactors were operated. In one reactor, a part of the mixed liquor was t reated with NaOH and ozone gas consecutively and was returned to the reactor. T he f lowrate of the chemical pretreatment stream was 1.5% of the influent flowrate. During the 200days of operation, the MLSS level in the bioreactor with mixed liquor pretreatment was maintained relatively constant at the range of 8,000 ~ 10,000$mg/{\ell}$ while it increased steadily up to 26,000 $mg/{\ell}$ in the absence of the pretreatment. Each reactor was equipped with two laboratory membrane modules where the flux for each module was 20, and 30 ${\ell}/m^2{\cdot}h$, respectively. With pretreatment, almost constant transmembrane pressure(TMP) was observed throughout the operation at the flux of 20 ${\ell}/m^2{\cdot}h$. Without pretreatment the membrane module at the same flux could also be operated at relatively stable condition. However, as the MLSS increases up to 25,000 $mg/{\ell}$, a fast TMP increase was observed. In conclusion, a complete control of excess sludge production in the membrane-coupled bioreactor was possible without significant deterioration of the treated water quality. In addition, it was shown that stable operation in terms of TMP is possible with sludge pretreatment and recirculation.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 2000

The method for estimating the minimum instream flows required for the riverline aesthetics, proposed by the Kim et al.(1996), has been applied to the main channel reach of the Keum river basin in Korea. To determine the minimum instream flows for eight main reaches at Keum river basin, six representative stations have been selected. This paper provides an analysis of influence on the riverline aesthetics, which is affected by change of physical components of river, by using the survey-based quantification method. The developed questionnaire based on the literature, and submitted to the 326 people who visited an each representative station. This surveying had been implemented in three times at each representative station and we had been selected a different flowrate at each implementation. The results of this analysis and survey have produced the relationship between the variation of physical components and riverline aesthetics. Survey results bout the flow comparison are summarized as follows. At the view of riverline aesthetics, most of the respondents re sensitive at the change of the flow velocity and they prefer high water level to low water level. Moreover whole respondents prefer to abundant stream flows and moderate flow velocity. The minimum flows for riverline aesthetics is estimated at each representative station by using the survey-based quantification method and the estimated results of some representative station are greater than mean monthly flow at each station. The result of the analysis appears that establishing minimum instream flows for riverline aesthetics is not only a technical problem but a legal problem. Therefore in the case of establishing the instream flows in the river, the estimated results have to be considered as relative standard.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.921-925
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• 2007

하천의 유량자료는 수위, 우량 등과 함께 수문 해석을 위해 매우 중요하다. 유량자료는 수자원을 정확하게 파악하기 위해 가장 중요한 자료이기 때문에 측정을 위해 많은 노력을 기울이고 있다. 그러나 유량측정은 다른 수문관측과는 달리 변동성이 크고 오차의 범위가 커서 실제 활용에 많은 한계가 있는 것도 사실이다. 유량은 유속계를 이용하여 현장에서 인력으로 직접 측정되기 때문에 현장의 측정조건, 측정하는 사람의 기술적 숙련도 등에 따라 크게 변화할 수 있는 요소를 가지고 있다. 또한 유량자료는 대부분의 경우 연속적인 자료획득이 곤란하기 때문에 수위-유량관계를 이용하여 연속측정된 수위를 유량으로 환산한다. 이와 같은 수위-유량관계는 현장의 조건이 변화하지 않는다는 가정하에서 이루어지는 것이므로 실제 현장에서 발생하는 변화를 고려할 수 없는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서 유량 모니터링 대상인 서낙동강은 정체수역으로서 하천의 상류와 하류에 대저수문과 녹산수문이 위치해 있고, 두 수문의 개방시 일정시간 동안의 연속적이고 정확한 유량변화의 측정을 필요로 한다. 서낙동강은 녹산수문에서 바다와의 수위차를 고려하여 수문을 개방하기 때문에 대저수문과 녹산수문의 개방 시기 및 시간이 매 순간 유동적이다. 본 연구에서는 서낙동강의 수질 및 수량 관리를 위하여 수문운영에 따른 유량변화를 측정하고자 하였으며, 전술한 바와 같은 한계를 극복하기 위해 유량측정장비는 최첨단 장비인 ADCP를 활용하였다. ADCP(Accoustic Doppler Current Profiler)는 최근에 하천유량측정을 위해 활용되고 있는 장비로서 음파의 도플러 효과를 이용하여 하천을 횡단하면서 단시간에 유속과 유량을 측정한다. 국내의 경우 1990년대 후반부터 도입된 ADCP는 유량측정 기법과 현장 적용상의 문제가 일정부분 검토되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 유속계를 이용해서 측정한 유량값과 비교하여 ADCP에 의한 결과를 검증하고, 수문운영에 따른 비정상 유량변화를 모니터링하고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.105-115
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• 2008

Urbanization results in increased runoff volume and peak flowrate and shortening in time of concentration, which may cause frequent flooding downstream. There are various types of flow retardation methods including detention ponds, retention ponds, and infiltration ponds. In general, hydrologic models to design the detention pond are classified into planning model and design model. This study is comparing and analyzing of planning model to design the detention pond in urban area. Detention ponds data of Disaster Impact Assessment Report on 22 sites were analyzed to investigate proper planning models in this study. From this research, following conclusions are derived, 1) In case of on-line detention pond, Lee model(1991) is the best planning model and similar to real storage volume. 2) In case of off-line detention pond, Abt and Grigg model is much more proper model compared to other models.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.233-238
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• 1997

WASP5 was applied to evaluate water quality of Bokha stream with 17km of its main stem located in Ichon-city, Kyunggi province in Korea. Boundaries of the stream for the WASP5 were the Jumi bridge, 10 major tributaries and one wastewater treatment system. The stream was divided into 37 segments with about 350m length. The flowrate of the 10 day's average of the stream was obtained from the hydrograph data and the discharge-stage rating curve. Simulated quality constituents included nitrogen, phosphorus, BOD and DO. Monthly records of water quality and loads in 1996 were used for the calibration of parameters of WASP5. Simulation showed high correlations between calculated and observed concentration with monthly runoff ratio in Bokha stream. At downstream boundary, Jumi bridge [Seg.36], similar correlations were appeared. However, simulated concentrations by using annual runoff ratio were somewhat differentiated from those of the observed.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.1087-1094
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• 2008

This article presents a multi-scale simulation approach starting from the molecular level for the adsorption process development, specifically, in n-hexane adsorption on activated carbon. A grand canonical Monte-Carlo(GCMC) method is used for the prediction of adsorption isotherms of n-hexane on activated carbon at the molecular level. Geometric effects and hydrodynamic properties of the adsorption column are examined by means of the two dimensional CFD(computational fluid dynamics) simulation. The adsorption isotherms from the molecular simulation and the axial diffusivity from the CFD simulation are exploited for the process simulation where the elution curve of n-hexane is obtained. For the first moment(mean residence time) of the pulse-response with respect to temperature and flowrate, the process simulation results obtained from this three-steps multiscale simulation approach show a good agreement with experimental data within 20% of maximum difference. The multi-scale simulation approach addressed in this study will be useful to accelerate the adsorption process development, while reducing the number of experiments required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.70-75
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• 2016

A swirler is a flame holding device generating recirculation regions in a gas turbine combustor, and the flow pattern due to a swirler has major effects on the flame distributions, combustion efficiency, and characteristics of exhaust gas. An experimental study for a counter-rotating swirler has been conducted to find out effects of the mass flow rate ratio of the inner/outer swirler flow area, the pressure difference between the swirler inlet and outlet, and the flare exit length ratio on the flow patterns in a model combustion chamber by using PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) technique.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.78-83
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• 2013

A methodology to predict the output performance of small hydro power plant using treated effluent in waste water treatment plant has been studied. Existing waste water treatment plant located in Kyunggi-Do were selected and the output performance characteristics for these plants were analyzed. .Based on the models developed in this study, the hydrologic performance characteristics for SHP sites have been analyzed. The results show that the flow duration characteristics of small hydropower plant for waste water treatment plant have quite differences compared with small hydropower plant for the river. As a result, it was found that the developed model in this study can be used to analyze the output characteristics for small hydro power in waste water treatment plant. Additionally, primary design specifications such as design flowrate, capacity, operational rate and annual electricity production were estimated and discussed. It was found that the models developed in this study can be used to decide the design performance of small hydropower plant for waste water treatment plant effectively.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1986

Simulation of the system thermal-hydraulic parameters was carried out following the KNUl (Korea Nuclear Unit-1) loss of normal feedwater transient sequence occurred on November 14, 1984. Results were compared with the plant transient data, and good agreements were obtained. Some deviations were found in the parameters such as the steam flowrate and the RCS (Reactor Coolant System) average temperature, around the time of reactor trip. It can be expected since the thermal-hydraulic parameters encounter rapid transitions due to the large reduction of the reactor thermal power in a short period of time and, thereby, the plant data involve transient uncertainties. The analysis was performed using the RELAP5/MOD1/NSC developed through some modifications of the interphase drag and the wall heat transfer modeling routines of the RELAP5/MOD1/CY018.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1211-1218
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• 2008

This study is for design of the detention system distributed in a watershed by the Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms(MOGAs). A new model is developed to determine optimal size and location of detention. The developed model has two primary interfaced components such as a rainfall runoff model to simulate water surface elevation(or flowrate) and MOGAs to get the optimal solution. The objective functions used in this model depend on the peak flow and storage of detention. With various constraints such as structural limitations, capacities of storage and operational targets. The developed model is applied at Gwanyang basin within Anyang watershed. The simulation results show the maximum outlet reduction is occurred at detention facilities located in upper reach of watershed in the peak discharge rates. It is also reviewed the simultaneous construction of an off-line detention and an on-line detention. The methodologies obtained from this study will be used to control the flood discharges and to reduce flood damage in urbanized watershed.