• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2022

In this paper, we aimed to examine the flowering dates of cherry blossom and the peak dates of maple leaves in South Korea, by the combination of temperature observation data from ASOS (Automated Surface Observing System) and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The more recent years, the faster the flowering dates and the slower the peak dates. This is because of the impacts of climate change with the increase of air temperature in South Korea. By reflecting the climate change, our statistical models could reasonably predict the plant phenology with the CC (Correlation Coefficient) of 0.870 and the MAE (Mean Absolute Error) of 3.3 days for the flowering dates of cherry blossom, and the CC of 0.805 and the MAE of 3.8 for the peak dates of maple leaves. We could suppose a linear relationship between the plant phenology DOY (day of year) and the environmental factors like temperature and NDVI, which should be inspected in more detail. We found that the flowering date of cherry blossom was closely related to the monthly mean temperature of February and March, and the peak date of maple leaves was much associated with the accumulated temperature. Amore sophisticated future work will be required to examine the plant phenology using higher-resolution satellite images and additional meteorological variables like the diurnal temperature range sensitive to plant phenology. Using meteorological grid can help produce the spatially continuous raster maps for plant phenology.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2010

Jatropha curcas is an oil bearing species with multiple uses and considerable economic potential as a biofuel plant. Plant flowering and breeding characteristics are important for us to understand the reproduction of plant populations. The present study describes the floral biology and flowering phenology of J. curcas which is a prerequisite for hybridization program for genetic improvement through conventional breeding. The plant produces flowers in dichasial inflorescences. Normally, the flowers are unisexual, and male and female flowers are produced in the same inflorescence. Only a few male flowers are produced in an inflorescence, and fruits are produced only through pollination between different flowers from the same or different plants. This study includes a description of the inflorescence, flower anatomy of both male and female flowers, female : male ratio, pollen : ovule ratio, flowering phenology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, comparison of selfing methods and a comparison of geitonogamy and xenogamy. This information may be useful in J. curcas breeding programmes.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.134-145
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• 2023

Background: The flowering and fruiting periods play an important role in biological processes. The deciduous dipterocarp forest is an important forest type in Thailand, however the phenological studies are still limited, particularly in different plant life forms. Thus, the present study focused on the flowering and fruiting phenology of herbs, climbers, shrubs, and trees in the deciduous dipterocarp forest at Lampang province of Northern Thailand. Field visits were made to record plant life forms and observe reproductive phenological events at monthly intervals from November 2018 to October 2019 and September to December 2020. Results: The phenological observations were based on 126 species of 45 families and 102 genera. Flowering and fruiting periods showed similar patterns in herbaceous plants, climbers, and shrubs. Most of these species produced flowers and fruits from the end of the rainy season (October) to the winter season (November-January). Whereas most of flowering and fruiting trees were found from the summer season (March-April) to the beginning of the rainy season (May-June). Most of the dry-fruited species occurred during the dry period (winter and summer seasons), while the majority of fleshy-fruited species dominated in the wet period (rainy season). The statistical analysis supported the phenological patterns of flowering and fruiting in the present study. There were significant negative correlations between the number of flowering and fruiting species and temperature. The number of flowering and fruiting species is significantly impacted by the interaction between seasons and plant life forms. Conclusions: Plant life form seems to be the important factor that affects the different phenological patterns in the studied plants. The abiotic and biotic factors play major roles in reproductive phenology. However, long-term study and in-depth phenological observations are necessary for better understanding.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.549-556
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• 2011

에 분포하는 기후변화 취약식물종인 목본식물 20종, 초본식물 18종 총 38종을 대상으로 2009년 5월부터 2010년 11월까지 식물계절 변화 모니터링을 실시하였다. 조사식물은 개엽, 개화, 낙화, 단풍, 낙엽 등 5개의 특성으로 구분하여 기후변화에 따른 아고산지대내 기후변화 취약종의 식물계절 변화를 분석하였다. 기상 자료는 2009년 11월 말부터 2010년 12월 초까지 측정되었으며 조사 결과, 기온은 향적봉-중봉 지역에서 최대가 $30.4^{\circ}C$, 최소가 $-20.3^{\circ}C$로 조사되었으며, 상대습도는 최고 100%, 최소 3.4%로 조사되었다. 덕유산 향적봉과 중봉지역의 개엽시기를 조사한 결과 박새, 산오풀 등을 제외한 대부분의 종들은 비슷하거나 전년도에 비해 6~20일 정도 늦게 나타났다. 개화시기는 식물계절 변화 중 가장 큰 차이를 보였으며, 이른 봄에 개화하는 처녀치마, 산철쭉, 노랑제비꽃은 2차년도에 13일~20일 빠른 것으로 관찰되었으며, 늦은 봄과 여름에 개화하는 백당나무, 풀솜대, 개시호 등은 2차년도에 6일~10일 늦은 것으로 나타났다. 낙화시기와 단풍시기는 전년도에 비해 10일~18일 늦은 것으로 나타났고, 낙엽시기는 전년도와 유사한 경향성을 보였다. 본 연구결과 기후변화의 영향이 한반도 아고산지대에 분포하는 기후변화 취약종들에게 상당히 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2013

Global warming also has effects on the phenology. The limitation of phenology study is an acquisition of phenology data. Satellite images analysis can make up limitation of monitering data. This study is to analyze spatial distribution and characteristics of phenology changes using MODIS images. Research data collected images of 16 day intervals of 11 years from year 2001 to 2010. The data analyzed 228 images of 11 years. It can figure out changes of phenology by analyzing enhanced vegetation index of MODIS image. We made a comparison between changes of phenology and flowering of cherry blossoms. As a results, Startup of season spatially was getting late from southern area to north area. Startup of Phenology was foreshortened 13 days during 11 years, and change ratios of cherry blooming was getting more faster from 0.18 dat to 0.22 day per year during that same period.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.337-350
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• 2009

식물계절 시기의 변화는 지역의 기후변화를 파악하는 데 중요한 지표이며, 지구온난화로 인한 기온상승의 영향이 뚜렷하게 반영된다. 본 연구에서는 식물계절 관측 자료를 이용하여 식물계절 시기의 변화 경향 및 식물계절 시기의 변화와 기온변화의 관계를 분석하였다. 봄철의 발아와 개화시기는 -0.7${\sim}$-2.7일/10년의 변화율로 앞당겨지는 경향인 반면 가을철 단풍절정시기는 3.7${\sim}$4.2일/10년의 변화율로 늦어지는 추세이다. 한반도의 봄철 식물계절 시기는 2월에서 3월 평균기온과 높은 상관관계가 있으며, 2월에서 3월 동안의 평균기온이 $1^{\circ}C$ 상승함에 따라 봄철 식물계절은 3.8일씩 앞당겨지는 경향이다. 가을철 식물계절 시기는 10월 평균기온과 상관관계가 높고 10월 평균기온이 $1^{\circ}C$ 상승함에 따라 3.1일씩 늦어지는 추세이다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2008

The timing of the canopy phenology onset (CPO hereafter) indicates the initiation of the growing season, with rapid increases in exchange rates of carbon dioxide and water vapor between vegetation and atmosphere. The CPO is regarded as a potential indicator of ecosystem responses to global warming, but the CPO shows considerable spatial variation depending on the species composition and local temperature regime. at a given geographic location. In this study, we evaluated the utility of satellite observation data for detection of the timing of the CPO. Leaf area indices (LAI) obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrora-diometer (MODIS) were utilized to detect and map the onset dates from 2001 to 2006. The reliability of MODIS-based onset dates was evaluated with ground measured cherry blossom flowering data from national weather stations. The MODIS onset dates preceded the observed flowering dates by 8 days and were linearly related with a correlation coefficient of 0.58 (p < 0.05). In spite of the coarse spatial (1 km) and temporal (8 days) resolutions of MODIS LAI, the MODIS-based onset dates showed reasonable ability to predict flowering dates.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.529-538
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• 2019

This study examined the changes in plant phenology of 12 woody species in Daegu University Forest, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsanbuk-do in 2007 and 2018. The Hobo was installed at a height of 1.2 meters to measure the microclimate such as air temperature and relative humidity to identify its effects on the changes in plant phenology. The number of trees surveyed were 42 individuals that included 12 species in 9 families, all of which are deciduous broad-leaved trees. The trends in temperature change in 2018 were similar to that in 2007, except for the temperatures in the warmest and coldest month. Compared to 2007, the average temperature of the warmest month in 2018 was $2.5^{\circ}C$ higher, and the coldest month was $3.3^{\circ}C$ lower. The lowest temperature from February to April in 2018 had the highest correlation with the blooming dates of the trees (r = 0.692) in 2018, and the highest temperature showed the lowest correlation (r = 0.392). The blooming date by species was significantly different (p < 0.05). The blooming date of 8 species (75%), including Prunus padus, was earlier by 1 to 16 days, while 4 species, such as Prunus armeniaca var. ansu, was later by 1 to 7 days in 2018 than that in 2007. However, the flowering duration did not have a significant effect on the plant phenology. The results can be used as basic data for long-term monitoring of plant phenology in the future, and follow-up studies on other environmental factors and physiological factors are needed.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.446-453
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• 2013

식물 계절현상을 이용한 축제는 생태계서비스의 한 형태로서 생태계와 인간이 문화적 요소를 통해 서로 상호작용을 하는 예이다. 봄철 식물의 계절현상을 이용한 대표적인 축제는 창원시 진해 군항제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 1987년부터 2013년까지의 벚나무의 계절학적 자료와 군항제 개최시기 및 방문자수를 조사하여 식물계절학과 지역축제와의 상관관계를 파악하였다. 또한 행사기간 중 기상조건 (평균기온, 최저 최고기온, 강수량, 강수일수)과 행사시기특성(년도, 휴일수-토, 일요일 수, 행사기간일수, 행사시작일-개화일 차이)을 파악하여 군항제 방문객수에 영향을 미치는 환경요인을 찾기 위해 노력하였다. 시계열분석 결과 지난 26년 동안 벚나무의 발아일과 개화일의 주기성을 보이지 않거나 나타나더라도 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 방문객의 수에 영향을 미치는 주요인으로는 기온, 일자(day), 강수요인이 추출되었다. 군항제기간의 기온이 방문객수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 벚나무의 개화시기와 행사기간이 불일치하더라도 방문객 수의 차이는 없었다. 따라서 확실성이 떨어지는 개화시기를 맞춰 축제기간을 설정하기 보다는 행사기간을 고정하고 일부 유동적으로 실시할 수 있는 행사프로그램을 개발하고 실시하는 것이 군항제의 성공적인 운영에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 2003년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
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• pp.139.4-139
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• 2003

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