• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2016

The carbon felt used as the electrode of vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) requires imprived electrochemical activity for better battery performance and efficiencies. Many efforts have been tried to improve electrochemical activity of the carbon felt as electrodes. In this study the alkali solution, KOH, is applied on surface treatment of the carbon felt electrode. The carbon felts were treated with KOH under room temperature and $80^{\circ}C$. The isopropyl alcohol was applied to improve wettability of the carbon felt during KOH treatment. The KOH treated carbon felt was analyzed by using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS analysis of carbon felt electrode revealed on increase in the overall surface oxygen content of the carbon felts after KOH treatment. Also, cyclic voltametry tests showed electrochemical characteristics enhancement of the carbon felt.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2018

High-power lithium batteries are suitable for equipment with high power output needs, such as for ESS's initial start-up. However, their management cost is increased by the installation of air-conditioning to minimize the risk of explosion due to internal temperature rise and also by a restriction on the number of charge/discharge cycles. High-capacity flow batteries, on the other hand, have many advantages. They can be used for over 20 years due to their low management costs, resulting from no risk of explosion and a high number of charge/discharge cycles. In this paper, we propose an ESS based on hybrid batteries that uses a lithium iron phosphate battery (LiFePO) at the initial startup and a vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) from the end of the transient period, with a bi-directional PCS to operate two batteries with different DC voltage levels and using an efficient energy management control algorithm.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2016

Electric vehicle ownership is expanding for two reasons: its technology features have enhanced fuel economy, and the number of vehicle emissions regulations is increasing. Battery performance has a large influence on the capability of electric vehicles, and even though battery thermal management has been actively researched, specific technological improvements to battery performance are not being presented. For instance, many industrial applications utilize vortex tubes as components for refrigeration machines because of their numerous intrinsic benefits. If electric vehicles incorporate vortex tubes for battery cooling, performance and efficiency advancements are possible. This study uses a counter-flow vortex tube to investigate its temperature separation characteristics, based on the back pressure of the cold air exit and the difference between the inlet and back pressures. The experiment uses a vortex tube with the following parameters: six nozzle holes, a 20 mm inner vortex diameter (D), a 14D tube length, a 0.7D cold exit orifice diameter, and a nozzle area ratio of 0.142. The measurements prove that the temperature difference between the hot air and cold air decreased because of the flow resistance of the hot air and the backflow phenomenon at the cold air exit. The flow resistance causes the temperature difference to decrease, and the back pressure of the cold air exit influences the flow resistance. The results show that the back pressure significantly influences the efficiency of temperature separation.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.801-807
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• 2016

본 논문은 전기자동차 배터리 시스템에 공기를 이용한 직접 냉각 방식을 적용하여, 공기 유로 형상에 따른 냉각 성능을 비교 연구하였다. 이를 위해, 배터리 냉각 시스템에서 모듈의 배치 형상과 발열량을 고정하고, 입 출구 면적 및 외부 Case 형상을 변경하여, 이에 따른 냉각 성능 결과를 수치 해석적으로 비교 분석하였다. 해석 결과는 배터리 내부의 공기 유동 유선(Stream line), 속도장 분포(Velocity field), 온도 분포(Temperature distributions)를 정리하여 제시하였다. 해석 결과, 외기온도 $25^{\circ}C$에서 안정적인 배터리 작동온도인 $50^{\circ}C$ 이하를 만족하기 위해서는 공기의 유입 체적이 $400m^3/h$ 이상이 되어야 함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 출구 부근의 Diffuser 형상을 가지는 해석 조건에서 냉각이 끝난 공기의 배출이 원활히 진행되면서 냉각 성능이 향상되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.671-676
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• 2013

최근에 대용량 에너지 저장 시스템으로 레독스 흐름전지(Redox Flow Battery, RFB)가 활발히 연구 개발되고 있다. 불소계막을 대신할 저가의 탄화수소막이 RFB막으로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Poly(arylene ether sulfone) (PAES) 막을 사용해 고가의 불소계막과 그 특성을 바나듐 레독스 흐름전지(VRB, Vanadium Redox Flow Battery)조건에서 비교하였다. 바나듐 이온투과도, 이온 교환 용량, OCV 변화, 팽윤, 충 방전 곡선, 에너지 효율 등을 측정했다. PAES 막은 Nafion 117막에 비해 바나듐 이온투과도가 낮고, 이온교환용량은 커서 Nafion 117을 사용한 RFB보다 에너지 효율이 높았다.

• 폴리머
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.586-592
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 전바나듐 레독스-흐름 전지용 음이온교환막의 제조를 위하여 vinylbenzyl chloride-co-styreneco-hydroxyethyl acrylate(VBC-co-St-co-HEA) 공중합체를 합성하였으며, 아민화 및 가교 반응을 통하여 음이온교환막을 제조하였다. 구조확인을 위하여 FTIR, $^1H$ NMR, TGA, GPC 분석을 하였으며, 음이온교환막의 함수율, 이온교환용량, 전기저항, 이온전도도 및 전바나듐 레독스-흐름 전지의 효율을 측정하였다. 음이온교환막의 이온교환용량, 전기저항, 이온전도도는 각각 1.17 meq/g, $1.9{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$, 0.009 S/cm이었으며, 전바나듐 레독스-흐름 전지 효율 실험 결과 충 방전효율, 전압효율 및 에너지효율은 각각 99.5, 72.6, 72.1%이었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.651-654
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• 2002

Study of electric vehicle is popular with automobile company. However, battery cooling problem has delayed development of electric vehicle. Lifetime of electric vehicle's battery depends on the cooling effect for the battery tray. One model was simulated by 3-D, steady state, incompressible, k-e turbulent model simulation. It is found that flow inlet, outlet and inlet position are very important design parameters.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.36-38
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• 2018

As the battery capacity requirement increases, battery cells are connected in a parallel configuration. However, the sharing current of each battery cell becomes unequal due to the imbalance between cell's impedance which results the mismatched states of charge (SOC). The conventional fixed-resistance balancing methods have a limitation in battery equalization performance and system efficiency. This paper proposes a battery equalization method based on dynamic resistance technique, which can improve equalization performance and reduce the loss dissipation. Based on the SOC rate of parallel connected battery cells, the switches in the equalization circuit are controlled to change the equivalent series impedance of the parallel branch, which regulates the current flow to maximize SOC utilization. To verify the method, operations of 4 parallel-connected 18650 Li-ion battery cells with 3.7V-2.6Ah individually are simulated on Matlab/Simulink. The results show that the SOCs are balanced within 1% difference with less power dissipation over the conventional method.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.150-155
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• 2019

The carbon electrode was modified through manganese-catalyzed hydrogenation method for high energy density vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). During the catalytic hydrogenation, the manganese oxide deposited at the surface of the carbon electrode stimulated the conversion reaction from carbon to methane gas. This reaction causes the penetration of the manganese and excavates a number of cavities at electrode surface, which increases the electrochemical activity by inducing additional electrochemically active site. The formation of the porous surface was confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Finally, the electrochemical performance test of the electrode with the porous surface showed lower polarization and high reversibility in the cathodic reaction compared to the conventional electrode.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2011년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.135-140
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• 2011

The battery pack, a main component of NEV(Neighborhood Electric Vehicle), needs cooling system when it is charging or discharging to prevent the degradation of the battery charging efficiency. The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of cooling methods, changing positions of inlet and outlet and changing area ratios of inlet and outlet. It has been observed that in the point of uniform cooling suction from the exit side is more efficient than blowing from the inlet. And there is a suitable inlet/outlet area ratio in maximizing the mass flow rate. The numerical analyse using a commercial code STAR-CCM+ version 4.02 were used for the study.