• 설비공학논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.535-549
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• 1998

A numerical study for performance analysis of a counterflow type forced draft tower and natural draft cooling tower has been performed based on the method using the finite volume method with non-orthogonal body fitted and non-staggered grid system. For solving the coupling problem between water and air, air enthalpy balance, moisture fraction balance, water enthalpy balance, and water mass balance equations are solved with Navier-Stoke’s equations simultaneously. For the effect of turbulence, the standard k-$\varepsilon$ turbulent model is implied in this analysis. The predicted result of the present analysis is compared with the experimental data and the commercial software result to validate the present study, The predicted results show good agreement with the experimental data and the commercial software result. To investigate the influence of the cooling tower design parameters such as approach, range and wet bulb temperature, parametric studies are also peformed.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2000

A numerical study for performance analysis of a crossflow-type forced draft cooling tower has been performed based on the finite volume method with non-orthogonal body fitted, and non-staggered grid system. For solving the coupling problem between water and air, air enthalpy, moisture fraction, water enthalpy, and water mass balance equations are solved with Navier-Stoke's equations simultaneously. For the effect of turbulence, the standard k-$\varepsilon$ turbulent model is implied in this analysis. The predicted result of the present analysis is compared with the experimental data and the commercial software result to validate the present study. The predicted results show good agreement with the experimental data and the commercial software result. To investigate the influence of the cooling tower design parameters such as approach, range and wet bulb temperature, parametric studies are also performed.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.306-315
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• 1992

This paper addresses performance analysis of a reciprocating compressor. A computer simulation model has been developed to predict and estimate the compressor performance. Instead of using ideal gas equations, real gas equations are used in describing the state of gas. The compressor simulation model consists of a cylinder control volume, suction system and discharge system. Conservation laws of mass and energy are applied to the cylinder section only, The suction and discharge system are described by the Helmholtz resonator modeling. Some of input data required for the simulation have been obtained from experiments. These experimentally obtained input data are effective flow area, effective force area and dynamic characteristics of valves. Simulation results of real gas equations have been compared with those of ideal gas equations. It has been found that the simulation with real gas equations yields lower cylinder temperature and heat transfer compared with those of ideal gas equations. Differences in pressure, mass flowrates, valve motions and gas pulsations are found quite small.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.453-462
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• 1990

The interaction of forced convection-conduction with thermal radiation in laminar boundary layer over a plate fin is studied numerically. The analysis is based on complete solution whereby the heat conduction equation for the fin is solved simultaneously with the conservation equations for mass, momentum and energy in the fluid boundary layer adjacent to the fin. The fluid is a gray medium and diffusion(Rosseland) approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The resulting boundary value problem are convection-conduction parameter N$_{c}$ and radiation-conduction parameter m, Prandtl number Pr. Numerical results are presented for gases with the Prandtl numbers of 0.7 & 5 with values of N$_{c}$ and M ranging from 0 to 10 respectively. The object of this study is to provide the first results on forced convection-radiation interaction in boundary layer flow over a semi-infinite flay plate which can be used for comparisons with future studies that will consider a more accurate expression for the radiative heat flux. The agreement of the results from the complete solution presented by E. M. Sparrow and those from this paper for the special case of M=0 is good. The overall rate of heat transfer from the fin considering radiative effect is higher than that from the fin neglecting radiative effect. The local heat transfer coefficient with radiative effect is higher than that without radiative effect. In the direction from tip to base, those coefficients decrease at first, attain minimum, and then increase. The larger values of N$_{c}$ M, Pr give rise to larger fin temperature variations and the fin temperature without radiative effect is always higher than that with radiative effect.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2013

본 논문은 액화 천연 가스(LNG)를 주 연료로 사용하는 선박용의 LNG기화기의 특성을 조사하기 위하여 기화기 내부에서의 열전달 특성을 연구하였다. LNG를 기화하기 위한 가열열원으로서는 주 엔진에서 발생하는 워터 쟈켓의 가온수를 직접 이용하지 않고 열교환기를 통하여 간접 가열된 글리콜 워터(Glycol Water)를 사용하는 시스템을 채택하였다. LNG의 기화 과정은 상변화를 동반하기 때문에 이를 검증하기 위하여 액화질소(LN2)의 기화과정을 통하여 신뢰성을 확보하였고, LNG 기화기 내부의 최적 열적특성을 도출하기 위하여 LNG의 유입량과 가열열원인 글리콜 워터 유량변화에 대한 LNG 기화특성을 연구하였다. 해석 결과 LNG 질량유량이 0.111 kg/s과 가열원수인 부동액 질량유량이 1.805 kg/s일 경우 가스 출구 온도는 약 $6^{\circ}C$로서 LNG 선박의 최적 운전 조건임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.552-559
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• 2005

The evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$ (R-744) in a horizontal tube was investigated experimentally. The experiments were conducted without oil in a closed refrigerant loop which was driven by a magnetic gear pump. The main components of the refrigerant loop are a receiver, a variable-speed pump. a mass flow meter, a pre-heater and evaporator (test section). The test section consists of a smooth. horizontal stainless steel tube of 7.75 mm inner diameter. The experiments were conducted at mass flux of 200 to $500\;kg/m^{2}s$, saturation temperature of $-5^{\circ}C\;to\;5^{\circ}C$. and heat flux of 10 to $40\;kW/m^2$. The test results showed the evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$ are highly dependent on the vapor qualify, heat flux and saturation temperature. The evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$ is very lower than that of R-22. In comparison with test results and existing correlations. the best fit of the present experimental data is obtained with the correlation of Choi et al. But existing correlations failed to predict the evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$. Therefore, it is necessary to develop reliable and accurate predictions determining the evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$ in a horizontal tube.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1609-1620
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 자연형 태양열시스템의 열성능에 영향을 미치는 인자를 열유동 전산해석을 통해 규명하고 모델을 설정하여 활용률을 최대로 하는 형상을 제시하고자 한다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.353-358
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 막 접촉기에서 운전조건에 따른 암모니아 제거 특성에 대해 알아보았다. 물질 전달 계수를 이용하여 각 조건에서의 암모니아 제거효율을 정량적으로 비교하였다. PTFE 재질의 막을 이용한 본 시스템에서 빠른 시간 내에 효율적으로 암모니아 탈기가 가능하였다. 여러 가지 운전조건 항목 중에서 접촉시간과 용액의 pH가 전체 제거 효율에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다른 가압 방식의 막 분리 공정과는 다르게 본 공정에서는 유입수의 고형물질에 의해 효율이 감소하는 현상은 발견되지 않았다. 또한, 삼투 증류(osmotic distillation)에 의해 물질 전달 효율이 감소하는 현상은 흡수용액의 온도를 증가시키는 것으로 해결할 수 있었다. 본 연구에 사용한 막 접촉기 시스템은 유입수와 흡수용액(stripping solution)의 유속, 유입수의 pH 등을 최적화 할 경우에 고농도 암모니아 제거에 효과적으로 사용할 수 있을 것이라 예상된다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.468-491
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 공공 기술이전 활성화를 위해서 연구개발 단계에서 선행적으로 도입할 연구개발 관리관점과 전략을 제시하는 것이다. 기술이전 사업화 영향요인은 기술공급자 관점에서 기술미활용 영향요인, 기술수요자 관점에서 기술이전 영향요인과 기업의 사업화 영향요인 등으로 구성하였고, 영향요인을 도출하기 위해서 21세기 프론티어사업단 기술자료를 활용하였다. 기술 미활용에 대한 주요 영향변수는 추가 기술개발, 수요기업의 발굴, 대량생산 기술의 확보와 신뢰성 검증 등으로 나타났고, 기술이전 영향변수는 기술의 우수성(혁신성)과 새로운 시장창출로 나타났다. 기업의 사업화 성공요인은 추가기술 개발과 개량, 연구개발 인력의 우수성과 CEO역량 등으로 도출하였다. 연구개발 기술이전 성과를 개선하기 위해서는 연구개발단계부터 기술이전 사업화 목표를 분명히 하고, 향후 라이선스 관점에서 상용화 가능한 원천형 핵심기술을 창출하여야 한다. 또한 연구개발조직의 성과관리가 정량적 성과보다는 글로벌 기술경쟁력, 상용화 파급효과 등으로 평가된다면, 기술이전 사업화 흐름이 가속화될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.159-165
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• 1999

Experimental studies have been performed to observe the basic phenomena of waste bed combustion in MSW incinerator. A reduced scale apparatus was utilized to simulate the combustion behavior in real plant with 1-dimensional transient behavior at the experimental setup, which uses wet cubic wood with ash content as simulated waste. LHV (lower heating value) of solid fuel, fuel particle size and flow rate of combustion air were taken as important parameters of the bed combustion. For the quantitative analysis, FPR (flame propagation rate), TBT (total burn-out time) and PBT (particle burn-out time) was defined. LHV represent the capability of heat release of the fuel, so that a higher LHV results in faster reaction rate of the fuel bed, which is shown by higher FPR. Fuel particle size is related with surface area per unit mass as well as heat and mass transfer coefficient. As the particle size increases the FPR decreases owing to decreasing specific surface area. Air injection supplies oxygen to the reaction zone. However oversupply of combustion air increases convection cooling of the bed and possibly extinguishes the flame.