• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.253-266
• /
• 2018

In this paper, the aerodynamic performance of two new cable surfaces with concave fillets (strakes) is examined and compared to plain, dimpled and helically filleted surfaces. To this end, an extensive wind-tunnel campaign was undertaken. Different samples with different concave fillet heights for both new surfaces were tested and compared to traditional surfaces in terms of aerodynamic forces (i.e. drag and lift reduction) and rain-rivulet suppression. Furthermore, flow visualization tests were performed to investigate the flow separation mechanism induced by the presence of the concave fillet and its relation to the aerodynamic forces. Both new cable surfaces outperformed the traditional surfaces in terms of rain-rivulet suppression thanks to the ability of the concave shape of the fillet to act as a ramp for the incoming rain-rivulet. Furthermore, both new surfaces with the lowest tested fillet height were found to have drag coefficients in the supercritical Reynolds range that compare favorably to existing cable surfaces, with an early suppression of vortex shedding.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.225-241
• /
• 1998

The high-rise supporting towers of long-span suspension and cable-stayed bridges commonly comprise a pair of slender prisms of roughly square cross-section with a center-to-centre spacing of from perhaps 2 to 6 widths and connected by one or more cross-ties. The tower columns may have a constant spacing as common for suspension bridges or the spacing may reduce towards the top of the tower. The present paper is concerned with the aerodynamics of such towers and describes an experimental investigation of the overall aerodynamic forces acting on a pair of square cylinders in two-dimensional flow. Wind tunnel pressure measurements were carried out in smooth flow and with a longitudinal intensity of turbulence 0.10. Different angles of attack were considered between $0^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$, and separations between the two columns from twice to 13 times the side width of the column. The mean values of the overall forces proved to be related to the bias introduced in the flow by the interaction between the two cylinders; the overall rms forces are related to the level of coherence between the shedding-induced forces on the two cylinders and to their phase. Plots showing the variation of the force coefficients and Strouhal number as a function of the separation, together with the force coefficients spectra and lift cross-correlation functions are presented in the paper.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.597-616
• /
• 2020

The blockage effect on the aerodynamic characteristics of tall buildings is a fundamental issue in wind tunnel test but has rarely been addressed. To evaluate the blockage effects on the aerodynamic forces on a square tall building and flow field peripherally, large eddy simulations (LES) were performed on a 3D square cylinder with an aspect ratio of 6:1 under the uniform smooth inflow and turbulent atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) inflow generated by the narrowband synthesis random flow generator (NSRFG). First, a basic case at a blockage ratio (BR) of 0.8% was conducted to validate the adopted numerical methodology. Subsequently, simulations were systematically performed at 6 different BRs. The simulation results were compared in detail to illustrate the differences induced by the blockage, and the mechanism of the blockage effects under turbulent inflow was emphatically analysed. The results reveal that the pressure coefficients, the aerodynamic forces, and the Strouhal number increase monotonically with BRs. Additionally, the increase of BR leads to more coherence of the turbulent structures and the higher intensity of the vortices in the vicinity of the building. Moreover, the blockage effects on the aerodynamic forces and flow field are more significant under smooth inflow than those under turbulent inflow.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.30-38
• /
• 2008

As a follow-up of our previous studies on flow-induced forces on two identical nearby circular cylinders immersed in the cross flow at Re=100 and flow patterns past them,$^{(1,2)}$ we present Reynolds-number effects on the forces and patterns by further computing flows with Re=40, 50, 160. We consider all possible arrangements of the two circular cylinders in terms of the distance between the two cylinders and the angle inclined with respect to the main flow direction. Collecting all the numerical results obtained, we propose contour diagrams for mean force coefficients and their rms of fluctuation as well as for flow patterns and Strouhal number for each Re. These diagrams shed light on a comprehensive picture on how the wake interaction between the two cylinders alters depending on Re.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.108-113
• /
• 1999

In a scroll compressor it is generally accepted that a check valve is necessary to prevent reverse rotation of the scrolls. The check valve is subjected to discharge pulsations and their resultant forces. The flow phenomena around the check valve may affect the efficiency and the noise level significantly. The motivation of this study is to understand the flow phenomena and the unstable motion of the check valve on operating conditions in order to identify reasons raising noise and improve the performance of the check valve. In this study, unsteady flow simulation was performed using CFD and the pressure distribution around the check valve was obtained. This paper also shows that unstable motion of the check valve on standard operating conditions through theoretical analysis and flow visualization.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.446-451
• /
• 2003

This paper presents some examples of active control of flow-induced vibration using piezoelectric actuators. The flutter phenomenon, which is the dynamic instability of structure due to mutual interaction among inertia, stiffness, and aerodynamic forces, may cause catastrophic structural failure, and therefore the active flutter suppression is one of the main objectives of the aeroelastic control. Active flutter control has been numerically and experimentally studied for swept-back lifting surfaces using piezoelectric actuation. A finite element method, a panel aerodynamic method, and the minimum state space realization are involved in the development of the governing equation, which is efficiently used for the analysis of the system and design of control laws with modern control framework. The active control suppressed flow-induced vibrations and extended the flutter speed around by 10%. Another representative flow-induced vibration phenomenon is the oscillation of blunt bodies due to the vortex shedding. In general, it is quite difficult to set up the numerical model because of the strong non-linearity of the vortex shedding structure. Therefore, we applied adaptive positive position feedback controller, which requires no pre-determined model of the plant, and successfully suppressed the flow-induced vibration.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.810-815
• /
• 2003

Flow-induced noise propagated from flow over a sphere is numerically investigated for laminar flow at Re = 300 and 425, and for turbulent flow at Re = 3700 and $10^4$, where the Reynolds number is based on the freestream velocity and the sphere diameter. The numerical method used for obtaining the flow over a sphere is based on an immersed boundary method in a cylindrical coordinate system. The Curle’s solutions of the Lighthill’s acoustic analogy with and without the far-field and compact-source approximation are used in order to investigate the noise field from flow over a sphere. Since the drag and lift forces change irregularly in time at Re = 425, 3700 and $10^{4}$, the noise propagates in a complicated manner. At Re = 300, 425 and $10^{4}$, the noise from dipole sources is much larger than that from quadrupole sources. On the other hand, at Re = 3700, the quadrupole source becomes dominant. The temporal variation of the flow-induced noise around a sphere is obtained at some observation points, which shows that the peak frequency corresponds to the Strouhal number associated with the wake instability.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.309-319
• /
• 2021

The vortex-drift pattern over a girder surface, actually demonstrating the complex fluid-structure interactions between the structure and surrounding flow, is strongly correlated with the VIVs but has still not been elucidated and may be useful for modeling VIVs. The complex fluid-structure interactions between the structure and surrounding flow are considerably simplified in constructing a vortex model to describe the vortex-drift pattern characterized by the ratio of the vortex-drift velocity to the oncoming flow velocity, considering the aerodynamic work. A spring-suspended sectional model (SSSM) is used to measure the pressure in wind tunnel tests, and the aerodynamic parameters for a typical streamlined closed-box girder are obtained from the spatial distribution of the phase lags between the distributed aerodynamic forces at each pressure point and the vortex-excited forces (VEFs). The results show that the ratio of the vortex-drift velocity to the oncoming flow velocity is inversely proportional to the vibration amplitude in the lock-in region and therefore attributed to the "lock-in" phenomena of the VIVs. Installing spoilers on handrails can destroy the regular vortex-drift pattern along the girder surface and thus suppress vertical VIVs.

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.37-54
• /
• 2020

To investigate the motion-induced aeroelastic effects (or aerodynamic feedback effects) on a square cylinder in uniform flow, a series of wind tunnel tests involving the pressure measurement of a rigid model (RM) and simultaneous measurement of the pressure and vibration of an aeroelastic model (AM) have been systematically carried out. More specifically, the aerodynamic feedback effects on the structural responses, on the mean and root-mean-square wind pressures, on the power spectra and coherence functions of wind pressures at selected locations, and on the aerodynamic forces were investigated. The results indicated the vibration in the lock-in range made the shedding vortex more coherent and better organized, and hence presented unfavorable wind-induced effects on the structure. Whereas the vibration in the non-lock-in range generally showed insignificant effects on the flow structures surrounding the square cylinder.

• 소음진동
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.428-436
• /
• 2001

The rotating inner cylinder executes a periodic translational motion in concentric annulus while the outer one is stationary. In the study of flow-induced vibrations and relaxed instabilities, it is of interest to evaluate the fluid-dynamic forces acting on the rotating inner cylinder. In the present work, the governing equations for the confined flow are expressed as Navier-Stokes equations, including the steady and unsteady terms. The fluid parameters for steady flow generated by the rotating cylinder are determined analytically while the unsteady ones by the oscillatory motion are evaluates by a numerical method based on the spectral collocation method. In order to validate the numerical approach, the numerical results are compared wish the analytical ones given by existing theories, for simple cases where the both approaches are applicable. Good agreement was found between the results. It is found the effects of the Reynolds number, defined by rotating velocity, on the fluid-dynamic forces are important for the case of relatively low oscillatory Reynolds number, defined by oscillatory frequency : j.e., in case of $Re_\omega\gg Re_S$.