• 설비공학논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.448-456
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• 1999

Variations of thickness and effective thermal conductivity of frost forming on the horizontal] cylinder with respect to time were measured under cross flow. The local heat flux around the cylinder was determined by measuring the radial temperature distribution in the cylinder having small holes drilled axially in which T-type thermocouples were inserted, then by using one dimensional cylindrical heat conduction equation. The thickness and the surface temperature of the frost layer around the cylinder were measured periodically while developing the frost. Each experiment was peformed by varying the Reynolds number, the temperature, and the humidity condition. Specially the dew point temperature of the most cases was below the freezing point. Experimental data showed that the frost layers on the front and the rear surface were thicker than those on the top and the bottom one which was near the separation point. The thickness and effective thermal conductivity of the frost layer were affected by inlet air velocity, temperature, and humidity. Moreover, the effective thermal conductivity and the effective thermal resistance increase with respect to time.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2003년도 The 8th Asian Symposium on Precision Forging ASPF
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• pp.43-46
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• 2003

Prediction of final microstructures after high temperature forming of Ti-6Al-4V alloy was attempted in this study. Using two typical microstructures, i.e., equiaxed and $Widmanst\ddot{a}tten$ microstructures, compression test was carried out up to the strain level of 0.6 at various temperatures $(700\~1100^{\circ}C)$ and strain rates $(10^{-4}\~10^2/s)$. From the flow stress-strain data, parameters such as strain rate sensitivity (m) and activation energy (Q) were calculated and used to establish constitutive equations for both microstructures. Then, finite element analysis was performed to predict the final microstructure of the deformed body, which was well accorded with the experimental results.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.94-99
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• 2008

The replica of silicone mold which can produce the test samples and the market-displayable products without making expensive metallic patterns is advantageous because it incurs less cost than the ordinary method that manufactures the products from the metallic patterns. However, the production of the products using silicone mold should require a technician with professional knowledge about the metallic patterns every time. Thus we tried to judge whether a forming analysis software for iron molding can be applied to silicon molding in this paper. In other words, this paper suggests a method to use a computer simulator from the designing step of the silicone mold, which is the most important part in making replica using simple silicone molds to the step of pouring the cast. The paper shows that if the know-how of a professional worker is provided in advance, an amateur worker can easily produce silicone molds of the best quality, the defective rate of the products will be decreased, and the replica will have a more complete status. By doing so, we suggested a possibility for reducing the delivery time at the production sites and for improving the product quality.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.170-175
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• 2005

Generally, Aluminum is superior to durability, light, and characteristics of the material are embossed luminant. So, these characteristics of aluminum will be used automobile interior parts by aluminum injection moulding. Especially, The external of Aluminum plate is engraved differing pattern by roller working. This working can use any longer and be seen gracefully. This is the reason why aluminum insert moulding is used. This feature of research can be characterized by simple process to customize aluminum sheet of blanking and forming process with internal parts of configuration if products are injected by aluminum sheet. Besides, to analysis completed Automobile interior parts to be concerned volumetric shrinkage, best gate location, fill time analysis and so on through the mold-flow before the aluminum insert moulding is worked.

• 암석학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.74-89
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• 2002

구암산 칼데라는 청송 남동부에 위치하며, 이에 관련된 층서단위는 구암산응회암과 유문암질 관입체가 있다. 구암산응회암은 대부분 회류응회암으로 구성되고 화산각력암과 얇은 강하응회암을 협재한다 화산각력암은 분포위치와 층서에 따라 하부의 암괴회류 각력암과 상부의 칼데라함몰 각력암으로 구분된다. 하부에서 회류응회암은 화채류 형성 분출에 의한 팽창성 화채류상이고 강하응회암은 회운 강하강이며, 상부에서 회류응회암은 끓어넘침 분출에 의한 비팽창성 회류상이다. 유문암질 관입체는 분포위치와 산출패턴에 따라 칼데라내부 관입체, 환상암맥으로 구분되고 환상암맥은 내측, 중간, 외측 환상암맥으로 나뉜다. 구암산 칼데라는 대체로 회류응회암-칼데라-환상암맥으로 연결되는 히나의 칼데라 윤회를 나타낸다. 구암산 칼데라 지역에서 나타나는 분출상들로부터 칼데라 윤회에 따라 화산과정을 다음과 같이 엮을 수 있다. 분출작용은 먼저 국부적인 펠리안 분출에 의한 암괴회류상으로 시작되었으며 연이어 화쇄류 형성 분출로부터 강한 유체화로 팽창성 화쇄류상으로 전환되고 회운 강하상도 수반되었다. 이때 분연주는 높이가 점차 낮아졌으며 화쇄류의 유체화도 줄어들었다. 다시 끓어넘침 분출에 의한 비팽창성 회류상으로 전환되어 고온의 화성쇄설물이 일시에 방출되어 정치됨으로써 매우 심하게 용결되었다. 끓어넘침 분출은 칼데라 함몰과 함께 환상단열로의 화구 이동에의해 본격화되었다. 분출초기에는 중앙화구호부터 화채류가 발생되었지만 후기에는 환상단열화구로의 위치가 변경되어 회류가 다량으로 발생하였다. 회류 분출 후에는 칼데라내부 모우트의 갈라진 틈과 환상단열대를 따라 분류상이 연속적으로 뒤따랐으며 이들에 의한 함몰후 화산으로서 용암도움은 침식으로 사라졌지만 화산뿌리로서 칼데라내부 관입체와 3개의 환상암맥을 노출시킨다. 마지막으로 남서측 환상암맥의 관절부위에 유문데사이트가 순차적으로 연속 관입되어 환상암맥의 일원이 되었다.수술 전항생제를 충분히 사용한 경우와 비슷한 좋은 결과를 보여 활동성 심내막염의 조기 외과적 치료가 효과적으로 감염을 제거할 수 있다고 사료된다.N-화합물의 함량과 이들의 수량에 미치는 붕소의 시비효과는 초종, 단파와 혼파재배, 그러고 추비의 시비조건에 따라서 차이가 있었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1225-1231
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• 2014

This paper presents the performance characteristic of a Francis hydro turbine with an inline casing. This turbine is designed for city water supply system. Due to large changes in ground elevation with high points and low points, some systems may experience larger-than-normal required pressures in areas with low ground elevations. One way to dissipate these excess pressures is by the use of an inline-turbine instead of an inline-pressure reducing valve. For best applicability and minimal space consumption, the turbine is designed with an inline casing instead of the common spiral casing. As a characteristic of inline casing, the flow accesses to the runner in the radial direction, showing a low efficiency. The installation of vanes improves the internal flow and gives the positive encouragement to the output power. For the power transmission to the outside of the turbine casing from the runner axis, a belt passage is designed in the inline casing, as its influence, the region after the belt passage shows a relatively low output power. The clearance gap in the runner side space is considered, in which a small volume of flow is contracted into the clearance gap, forming the leakage flow. The leakage flow leads to a decrease in the efficiency.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.179-186
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• 1991

The effects of silicone contents and flow rates(agitation rates) of electrolyte on the formation and mechanical properties of hard anodized film of Al-Si alloy have been studied in 12% H2SO4 + 1% Oxalic acid with varying the silicone contents in the rance of 0 to 11.6% and the flow rates of electrolyte in the range of 0 to 90cm/sec. The film forming voltage required to maintain an equivalent current density significantly increase with the silicone content of Al-Si alloys due to a low conductivity of silicone. Hardness and wear resistance of the anodized film of Al-Si alloys decreases wit increasing the silicone content. The increase in the flow rate of electrolyte has a similar influence on the formation and mechanical properties of anodized film as does the decrease in bath temperature. Hardness of anodized film is rapidly increased with the flow rate being increased from 10cm/sec. It is observed that the increase in the flow rate from 11cm/sec. It is observed that the increase in the flow from 11cm/sec to 48cm/sec is more effective in enhancing the hardness of film than is the decrease in bath temperature from 1$0^{\circ}C$ to $0^{\circ}C$.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2018

고속 전자기 성형 (EMF) 과정은 로렌츠 힘과 자기장의 에너지를 기반으로 한다. EMF의 장점은 향상된 성형성, 주름 감소 및 비접촉 성형 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 전자기 성형을 통한 알루미늄 파이프의 온도에 따른 성형성을 분석하기 위해 전자기-구조 연동해석을 수행하였으며, 온도가 증가함에 따라 전기저항이 커지므로 인해 자속 밀도는 감소하고, 응력-변형률 곡선에서 온도가 높아질수록 유동 응력이 낮아지므로 변형량은 상대적으로 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1169-1177
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• 2007

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of process variables which were forming ability, flow displacement, effective stress, effective strain, fluid vector and products defects on manufactured artificial lightweight aggregate made of both incinerated sewage sludge ash and clay by means of the numerical analysis of a rigid-plastic finite element method. CATIA (3D CAD program) was used for an extrusion metal mold design that was widely used in designing aircraft, automobile and metallic molds. A metal forming analysis program (ATES Co.) had a function of a rigid-plastic finite element method was used to analyze the program. The result of extrusion forming analysis indicated clearly that a shape retention of the manufactured artificial light-weight aggregate could be maintained by increasing the extrusion ratio (increasing compressive strength inside of extrusion die) and decreasing the die angle. The stress concentration of metal mold was increased by increasing an extrusion ratio, and it was higher in a junction of punch and materials, friction parts between a bottom of the punch and inside of a container, a place of die angle and a place of die of metal mold. Therefore, a heat treatment as well as a rounding treatment for stress distribution in the higher stress concentration regions were necessary to extend a lifetime of the metallic mold. A deformity of the products could have made from several factors which were a surface crack, a lack of the shape retention and a crack of inside of the products. Specially, the surface crack in the products was the most notably affected by the extrusion ratio.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2010

The flow around a two-dimensional, rectangular cylinder that is freely falling in a channel was simulated using the immersed boundary method with direct forcing to determine the interactions between the fluid and the structure. The results of the present study were in good agreement with previous experimental results. Regardless of the H/L ratio (where H and L are the height and width of the rectangular cylinder, respectively), the flow structures had essentially the same pattern as the two symmetrical circulations that form about the horizontal center of the cylinder, with those centers located at each lateral position near the wake. When the cylinder approaches very close to the bottom, a jet-like flow appeared between the bottom of the rectangular cylinder and the channel. When the jet-like flow goes through the channel, surrounding fluids are sucked into this jet, forming the secondary vortices.