• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2017

Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC) is a special class of the new generation of high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCC) featuring high ductility with relatively low fiber content. In this research, the mechanical performance of ECC beams will be investigated with respect to the effect of slag and aggregate size and amount, by employing nonlinear finite element method. The validity of the models was verified with the experimental results of the ECC beams under monotonic loading. Based on the numerical analysis method, nonlinear parametric study was then conducted to evaluate the influence of the ECC aggregate content (AC), ECC compressive strength ($f_{ECC}$), maximum aggregate size ($D_{max}$) and slag amount (${\phi}$) parameters on the flexural stress, deflection, load and strain of ECC beams. The simulation results indicated that when increase the slag and aggregate size and content no definite trend in flexural strength is observed and the ductility of ECC is negatively influenced by the increase of slag and aggregate size and content. Also, the ECC beams revealed enhancement in terms of flexural stress, strain, and midspan deflection when compared with the reference beam (microsilica MSC), where, the average improvement percentage of the specimens were 61.55%, 725%, and 879%, respectively. These results are quite similar to that of the experimental results, which provides that the finite element model is in accordance with the desirable flexural behaviour of the ECC beams. Furthermore, the proposed models can be used to predict the flexural behaviour of ECC beams with great accuracy.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.493-504
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• 2008

본 연구는 속빈 PC 슬래브와 채널을 사용한 매입형 합성보의 휨거동에 관한 것이다. 철골보와 PC슬래브의 경계면에 발생하는 전단력은 채널에 의해서 전달된다. 철골보의 춤에 따라서 총 3개의 실대형 실험체를 제작하여 실험을 수행하였으며 기존에 수행된 전단접합 방식과 비교검토를 수행하였다. 채널 용접형 매입형 합성보의 실험결과, 별도의 전단연결재를 설치하지 않아도 자체가 가지고 있는 기계적․화학적 부착응력으로 인해 완전합성보에 가까운 거동을 나타내었다. 또한, 기존의 합성보의 거동과 같이 탄성구간, 항복구간, 매우 큰 연성, 휨파괴모드(소성힌지), 경계면에서의 매우 낮은 상대슬립 및 연성적인 파괴거동을 나타내었다. 따라서 제안된 전단연결 방식의 경우, 실제 건물에 적용시 규준에서 요구하는 구조적 성능을 만족할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.901-907
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 이방향 응력상태에서의 콘크리트 강도 특성과 크기효과 그리고 피로거동에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 ASTM C 1550 시험법과 이방향 휨강도 시험(biaxial flexure test; BFT)을 적용하여 크기효과 및 피로시험을 실시하였으며, 단순보의 3등분점 하중에 의한 콘크리트 휨강도 시험(third-point bending test) 결과와 비교하였다. 실험 결과 3등분점 재하 휨강도 시험에 의한 일방향 응력상태의 강도보다는 ASTM C 1550 시험법과 이방향 휨강도 시험법에 의한 이방향 응력상태의 강도가 더 큰 것으로 측정되었다. 3등분점 재하 휨강도 시험, ASTM C 1550, 이방향 휨강도 시험법 모두 시편의 크기가 증가함에 따라 강도는 감소하는 것으로 관찰되었으며, 이방향 휨인장강도의 크기 효과가 일방향 휨인장강도의 크기효과보다 더 큰 것으로 확인되었다. S-N 곡선에 의한 일방향과 이방향 휨강도의 피로 수명은 유사한 것으로 분석되었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.185-198
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• 2005

In the design of reinforced concrete beams, it is a standard practice to use the yield stress of the steel reinforcement for the evaluation of the flexural strength. However, because of strain hardening, the tensile strength of the steel reinforcement is often substantially higher than the yield stress. Thus, it is a common belief that the actual flexural strength should be higher than the theoretical flexural strength evaluated with strain hardening ignored. The possible increase in flexural strength due to strain hardening is a two-edge sword. In some cases, it may be treated as strength reserve contributing to extra safety. In other cases, it could lead to greater shear demand causing brittle shear failure of the beam or unexpected greater capacity of the beam causing violation of the strong column-weak beam design philosophy. Strain hardening may also have certain effect on the flexural ductility. In this paper, the effects of strain hardening on the post-peak flexural behaviour, particularly the flexural strength and ductility, of reinforced normal- and high-strength concrete beams are studied. The results reveal that the effects of strain hardening could be quite significant when the tension steel ratio is relatively small.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.437-459
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• 2015

An experimental investigation on the behaviour of geopolymer composite concrete beams reinforced with conventional steel bars and various types of fibres namely steel, polypropylene and glass in different volume fractions under flexural loading is presented in this paper. The cross sectional dimensions and the span of the beams were same for all the beams. The first crack load, ultimate load and the loaddeflection response at various stages of loading were evaluated experimentally. The details of the finite element analysis using "ANSYS 10.0" program to predict the load-deflection behavior of geopolymer composite reinforced concrete beams on significant stages of loading are also presented. Nonlinear finite element analysis has been performed and a comparison between the results obtained from finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments were made. Analytical results obtained using ANSYS were also compared with the calculations based on theory and presented.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.1045-1067
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• 2016

Concrete bridges with corrugated steel webs and prestressed by both internal and external tendons have emerged as one of the promising bridge forms. In view of the different behaviour of components and the large shear deformation of webs with negligible flexural stiffness, the assumption that plane sections remain plane may no longer be valid, and therefore the classical Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam models may not be applicable. In the design of this type of bridges, both the ultimate load and ductility should be examined, which requires the estimation of full-range behaviour. An analytical sandwich beam model and its corresponding beam finite element model for geometric and material nonlinear analysis are developed for this type of bridges considering the diaphragm effects. Different rotations are assigned to the flanges and corrugated steel webs to describe the displacements. The model accounts for the interaction between the axial and flexural deformations of the beam, and uses the actual stress-strain curves of materials considering their stress path-dependence. With a nonlinear kinematical theory, complete description of the nonlinear interaction between the external tendons and the beam is obtained. The numerical model proposed is verified by experiments.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1011-1033
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• 2015

In this article, large amplitude bending behaviour of laminated composite flat panel under combined effect of moisture, temperature and mechanical loading is investigated. The laminated composite panel model has been developed mathematically by introducing the geometrical nonlinearity in Green-Lagrange sense in the framework of higher-order shear deformation theory. The present study includes the degraded composite material properties at elevated temperature and moisture concentration. In order to achieve any general case, all the nonlinear higher order terms have been included in the present formulation and the material property variations are introduced through the micromechanical model. The nonlinear governing equation is obtained using the variational principle and discretised using finite element steps. The convergence behaviour of the present numerical model has been checked. The present proposed model has been validated by comparing the responses with those available published results. Some new numerical examples have been solved to show the effect of various parameters on the bending behaviour of laminated composite flat panel under hygro-thermo-mechanical loading.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.57-60
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• 2005

The objective of this paper is to investigate and analyze the behaviour of prestressed I section structural members constructed with ultra high perfomance steel fiber reinforced cementitious concrete (SFR-UHPC). This material is known as reactive powder concrete (RPC) mixed with domestic materials and its compressive strength is over 150MP. The parameters of test specimens were span to depth ratio, prestressing force, prestressing wire placement and web width. Most influential parameter to determine the failure mode between shear and flexural action was proved to be shear span ratio. The characteristics of ultra high-strength concrete is basically brittle, but due to the steel fiber reinforcement behaviour of this structure member became ductile after the peak load. As a result of the test, the stress block of compressive zone should be redefined. The proposed analytical calculation of internal force capacity based by plastic analysis gave a good prediction for the shear and flexural strength of specimens. The numerical verification of the finite element model which constitutive law developed for Mode I fracture of fiber reinforced concrete correctly captured the overall behaviour of the specimens tested.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.407-422
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• 2005

Plate elements in fully profiled sandwich panels are generally subjected to local buckling failure modes and this behaviour is treated in design by using the conventional effective width method for plates with a width to thickness (b/t) ratio less than 100. If the plate elements are very slender (b/t > 1000), the panel failure is governed by wrinkling instead of local buckling and the strength is determined by the flexural wrinkling formula. The plate elements in fully profiled sandwich panels do not fail by wrinkling as their b/t ratio is generally in the range of 100 to 600. For this plate slenderness region, it was found that the current effective width formula overestimates the strength of the fully profiled sandwich panels whereas the wrinkling formula underestimates it. Hence a new effective width design equation has been developed for practical plate slenderness values. However, no guidelines exist to identify the plate slenderness (b/t) limits defining the local buckling, wrinkling and the intermediate regions so that appropriate design rules can be used based on plate slenderness ratios. A research study was therefore conducted using experimental and numerical studies to investigate the effect of plate slenderness ratio on the ultimate strength behaviour of foam supported steel plate elements. This paper presents the details of the study and the results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.123-137
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• 2012

Steel plate-masonry composite structure is a newly-developed type of structural technique applicable to existing masonry buildings by which the load-bearing walls can be removed for large spaces. This kind of structure has been used in practice for its several advantages, but experimental investigation on its elements is nearly unavailable in existing literature. This paper presents an experimental study on the flexural behaviour of four steel plate-masonry composite beams loaded by four-point bending. Test results indicate that failure of the tested beams always starts from the local buckling of steel plate, and that the tested beams can satisfy the requirement of service limit state. In addition, the assumption of plane section is still remained for steel plate prior to local buckling or steel yielding. By comparative analyses, it was also verified that the working performance of the beam is influenced by the cross-section of steel plate, which can be efficiently enhanced by epoxy adhesive rather than cement mortar or nothing at all. Besides, it was also found that the contribution of the encased masonry to the flexural capacity of the composite beam cannot be ignored when the beam is injected with epoxy adhesive.