• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.497-504
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• 2011

Purpose : Chronic cervical pain is a common source of disability in society. There has been no research regarding the amount of pressure for the deep cervical flexors during cranio-cervical flexion exercise (CCFE). The purpose of this study is to determine optimal pressure levels to facilitate deep cervical muscles (longus colli & longus capitis) during cranio-cervical flexion exercise, using ultrasound measurement of the muscles. Methods : Using a cross-sectional design, the study was performed in an experimental group of 19 subjects (7 men, 12 women) with no cervical pain. Participants were instructed to perform the CCFE, and during the five incremental stages of the test, changes in thickness, as compared to resting baseline values, were measured using ultrasonography for sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and deep cervical muscles (DCF). Results : Both DCF and SCM muscles demonstrated an increase in recruitment with each progressive phase of the test. In comparing the different pressure increments, the most significant changes found in DCF thickness were between phase 2 and phase 3 (p<.05). However no differences were found between pressure increments for SCM thickness (p>.05). Conclusion : The results suggest 26 mm Hg as the optimal pressure level during cranio-cervical flexion exercise for facilitation of deep cervical flexor.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2014

Excessive lumbar flexion during sit-to-stand (STS) is a risk factor for lower back pain. Postural taping can prevent unwanted flexion of the lumbar spine. This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of taping the lower back on the lumbopelvic region and hip joint kinematics during STS. Sixteen healthy subjects participated. All subjects performed the STS with and without taping of the lower back. A three-dimensional motion analysis system was used to measure the kinematics of the lumbar spine, pelvis, and hip joint during STS. The angle of the peak lumbar flexion, pelvic anterior tilting, and hip flexion and angular displacement of the lumbar spine between starting position and maximal lumbar flexion were collected. Paired t-tests, or Wilcoxon's rank-sum test for non-parametric distribution, were used to assess differences in the measurements with and without taping. A p-value <.05 was taken to indicate a significant difference. Significant differences were observed in the angle of the peak lumbar flexion, pelvic anterior tilting, hip flexion and angular displacement of the lumbar spine (p<.05). Taping was associated with a significant decrease in the angle of peak lumbar flexion and angular displacement of the lumbar spine between the starting position and maximal lumbar spine flexion. In addition, the peak angle of pelvic anterior tilting and hip flexion were significantly increased with taping. The findings of this study suggest that taping the lower back can decrease excessive lumbar flexion, and increase the pelvic anterior tilting and hip flexion motion during STS.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cervical deep muscle flexion exercise (CCFE) on craniovertebral angle, pain, and neck disability for patients with chronic neck pain Methods: The subjects of this study were randomly divided into three groups of 30 patients with chronic neck pain: rectus abodominis functional massage (n=10), cervical deep muscle flexion exercises group (n=10), and the control group(n=10). To assess visual analog scale (VAS) was used to test the neck pain, To assess neck posture was used to craniovertebral angle, VAS was used to test the neck pain, neck disability index (NDI) was used to test the neck dysfunction. All measurements were performed before and after each intervention was applied 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Results: In the results of all measurements, 2 groups except for the control group showed a significant change in the recovery of posture, neck pain, neck disability index (p<.05). Conclusions: Our results of this study showed that applying cervical deep muscle flexion exercise and rectus abodominis functional massage to patients with chronic neck pain improved cervical posture, neck pain, neck disability.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.281-291
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the effects of a rehabilitation program including Koryo Hand-Acupuncture on physical function, self-esteem, and quality of life of post-stroke elderly patients. Method: A nonequivalent control group pre-post test research design was used. Participants in the study were 44 post-stroke elderly people (22 in an experimental group, 22 in a control group) enrolled in a social welfare center and a hospital in K city. Data were collected from April 6 to August 20, 2004. The program consisted of Koryo Hand-Acupuncture, ROM exercise, health education and supportive care. The analyses were carried using frequencies, percentages, $x^2$-test, Fisher exact and t-test with SPSS 10.0. Results: The patients in the experimental group, who took part in the 10-weeks rehabilitation program including Koryo Hand-Acupuncture, had significant increases in shoulder joint flexion, shoulder joint abduction, elbow joint flexion, hip joint flexion, knee joint flexion, knee joint extension, flexibility, self-esteem and quality of life as compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that a rehabilitation program including Koryo Hand-Acupuncture may be utilized as an effective nursing program to improve physical function, self-esteem and quality of life for post-stroke elderly patients.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1791-1796
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• 2019

Background: Vibration exercise after ankle surgery improves proprioception and ankle muscle strength through vibration stimulation. Objective: To examine the effects of vibration exercise on the ankle stability. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single blind) Methods: Twenty soccer players were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The Vibration exercise program was conducted 12 weeks and 3 times a week. Ankle joint proprioceptive sensory test and Isokinetic muscle strength test were performed using Biodex system pro III to measure plantar flexion / dorsiflexion and eversion / inversion motion. Results: The result of isokinetic test of ankle joint is showed significant improvement in all measurement items, such as leg flexion, lateral flexion, external and internal muscle forces, compared to previous ones by performing vibration movements for 12 weeks. However, in the comparison group, plantar flexor ($30^{\circ}$), eversion muscle ($120^{\circ}$), inversion ($30^{\circ}$) of limb muscle strength were significantly improved compared with the previous phase; was no significant difference in dorsi-flexion. There was no significant difference between groups in all the items. Conclusions: In this study, we analyzed the effects of rehabilitation exercise on soccer players who had reconstructed with an ankle joint ligament injury through vibration exercise device. As a result, we could propose an effective exercise method to improve the ability, and confirmed the applicability as an appropriate exercise program to prevent ankle injuries and help quick return.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of early knee joint exercise education program on pain, knee ROM, and satisfaction among patients with a total knee replacement arthroplasty. Methods: An experimental study with non-equivalent groups was conducted using 32 patients for an experimental group and 32 patients for a control group. The experimental group received knee joint exercise education including systemic continuous passive motion (CPM) exercise and knee exercise. The control group received conventional CPM exercise. Pain, flexion and flexion contracture range of motion, and patient satisfaction were evaluated by $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA using the SPSS 23.0 Windows program. Results: There were a significant improvement in patients' knee flexion and satisfaction in the experimental group compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in pain and flexion contracture between the two groups. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the proposed education program is efficient and effective when providing nursing care after a total knee replacement arthroplasty.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the stationarity of the electromyographic signal in various flexion angles, loads, and window sizes, which influence the result of the mean power frequency (MPF) and median frequency (MNF) analysis. Six healthy subjects participated in the experiment. They were tested in the combination of 3-level flexion angles (0 degree, 22.5 degree, 45 degree) and 3-level loads (0Nm, 30Nm, 60Nm). Electromyographic data were collected for 20 seconds during isometric contraction. The stationarity of collected data were analyzed with four different window sizes including 250, 500, 1000 and 2000ms. Two test methods for stationarity such as Reverse Arrangements Test and Modified Reverse Arrangements Test were used. In order to show the effect of nonstationarity, the increasing/decreasing trend of MPF and MNF trend were discussed. In results, the stationarity of the electromyographic signal decreased as flexion angle increased and load decreased while window size decreased based on Reverse Arrangements Test. The highest stationarity was shown at 500 ms window in Modified Reverse Arrangements Test. The inclination of MNF and MPF indicated 3.6-6.3%, 3.8-5.1% discrepancy compared to the result from stationary data.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.67-71
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• 1981

Experiments were conducted to test morphine sensitivity of the flexion reflex in the anemic decerebrate cats. Animals were immobilized with gallamine triethiodide(Flxaedil) and were artificially ventilated. The sural nerve was electrically stimulated(20V, 0.5 msec) and the flexion reflex was obtained by recording compound action potentials from the nerve innervated to the semitendinosus muscle. Intravenous injection of morphine $(0.5{\sim}2.0\;mg/kg)$ was found to have following effects on the flexion reflex. 1) Morphine tended to depress the early component of the flexion reflex and the effect was widely variable between animal preparations. 2) Morphine significantly depressed the late component of the flexion reflex, the effect being proportional to the dose of morphine. 3) The morphine effect on the flexion reflex was reversed by a small dose of naloxone hydrochloride$(0.025{\sim}0.1\;mg/kg)$. 4) Naloxone hydrochloride alone did not appear to facilitate the flexion reflex. 5) The main site for the morphine action was found to be the brain stem. From these results and those reported in literatures, we conclude that the late component of the flexion reflex well represents the pain sensation, thus the late component of the flexion reflex can be used as a reasonable subjective index of pain in experimental animals.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1995

The purpose of this study were to determine the effect of testing posture and elbow position on grip strength. Two hundred college students 100 males and 100 females aged 18 to 28 years, participated in the study. A Grip-Strength Dynamometer was used to measure the grip strength in two testing posture(sitting and standin) and four elbow position$(0^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;90^{\circ}\;and\;135^{\circ}\;flexion)$ correlations and t-test was used to determine any significant difference in grip strength between the testing posture and the elbow position. The results were as follows : 1. The grip strength was affected by testing pasture and flexion degree of elbow. 2. The grip strength was stronger in the standing than sitting in subjects 3. The grip strength decreased according to elbow flexion increase in subjects. 4. The higher grip strength gained in the standing with the elbow 0 flexion. 5. The grip strength by elbow flexion degree showed significant difference at sitting and standing posture. The grip strength was significant differenced by testing position at same elbow flexion degree.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2010

The axes of upper forearm coordinate system have been considered as principal axis of each segment which was component of elbow joint. The purpose of this study was to verify whether the mean direction(principal axis) of instantaneous axes of rotation for pure flexion/extension motion coincided with the flexion/extension axis of upper forearm coordinate system. The same procedure was done for pronation/supination motion. Furthermore, it was tested indirectly that there was an interaction effect between the two rotational motions. The results showed that most segment coordinate axes statistically were not consistent with the mean directions of flexion/extension and pronation/supination axes of rotation. From the results, it would be concluded that the ISB coordinate systems was proved to be a little valid for human movement analysis. There also was an effect of pronation/supination angles on flexion/extension motion.