• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2007

Objectives : This report was performed to evaluate the effect of flexion-extension technique in Bertolotti syndrome and scoliosis. Methods : We performed the flexion-extension technique to the patient with scoliosis and Bertolotti syndrome. Results : After flexion-extension technique the result of VAS of lumbago, cobb's angle were improved significantly. Conclusions : It is suggested that flexion-extension technique might be effective for the patient with scoliosis and Bertolotti syndrome.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2006

Purpose : To identify the effects of flexion-extension of stretching on the functional improvement of patients with neck myofascial pain syndrome. Methods : the present research investigated 30 patients with neck myofascial syndrome, dividing them into a group doing flexion-extension of stretching. This study examined degree of recovery from neck pain by comparing their neck myofascial pain syndrome before and after the treatment, and compared to find difference in the degree of recovery from myofascial pain syndrome. Results : The results are as follows. For the flexion of stretching, 1. For the visual analogue scale (VAS) decreased significantly for six weeks treatment, 2. For the flexion decreased significantly for six weeks treatment. and the range of motion of cervical vertebrae increased significantly(p>.05). 3. For Stretching, range of motion left rotation indicated significant difference after pre test and after two week but no significant difference after six week. 4. For the left rotation decreased significantly for six weeks treatment. and the range of motion of cervical vertebrae increased significantly(p>.05). 5. For the right rotation decreased significantly for six weeks treatment. and the range of motion of cervical vertebrae increased significantly(p>.05). Conclusion : This study suggest that flexion-extension of stretching have an effect on the functional improvement of patients with neck myofascial pain syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.3 s.71
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• pp.45-56
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• 2007

Objectives : We investigated the possibility of cervical spine misalignment caused by scalenus anticus syndrome to find out how it affects cervical spine misalignments. Methods : 28 patients with scalenus anticus syndrome (sample group), along with 21 participants without neck pain (control group), who attended the Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dong-guk University from the 20th of June to the 30th of November, 2006 were investigated. After researching misalignments through neutrality, flexion and extension lateral x-ray examination views, we measured the difference of each length of cervical spine misalignment. We analyzed the relationships among the neutrality lateral, flexion lateral and extension lateral positions. Results : We found with statistical significance that there were differences in length of cervical spine misalignments between the sample and control groups. Furthermore, we found that C3 and C4 vertebra bodies were shown in lateral neutrality position, only C3 vertebra body in flexion lateral position, and C2, C3, and C4 vertebra bodies in extension lateral position. Conclusions : It is considered that scalenus anticus syndrome could increase cervical spine misalignment which could be a factor in causing cervical spine disease.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2019

Purpose : This study was to identify the effects of Mobilization with Movement combined with exercise (EMWM) on acromio-humeral distance (AHD), range of motion (ROM), pain intensity, and functional performance in patients with impingement syndrome of the shoulder. Methods : The subjects were 40 patients diagnosed with impingement syndrome of the shoulder. Twenty subjects are randomly assigned to each 2 different groups; Group 1. (exercise group), Group 2. (EMWM group). Three weekly interventions were given for 4 weeks. The main outcome measures were ultrasound, goniometer, visual analogue scale (VAS), and Korean Constant shoulder score (K-CSS). The ultrasound (AHD), ROM (flexion, abduction), pain intensity (for shoulder flexion) and functional performance (K-CSS) were compared between the groups. Results : The AHD was significantly increased in Group 2 compared to Groups 1. No significant difference was observed between the groups in the range of abduction of the shoulder, but the range of flexion was significantly increased in Group 2 compared to Groups 1. Pain intensity was significantly lower in Group 2 than in Group 1, and functional performance was significantly increased in Group 2 compared to Group 1. Conclusion : An intervention that combined mobilization with movement with exercise was more effective than exercise alone for rapid recovery from shoulder injury and improvement in functional performance.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 1991

The author studied 20 healthy adults (20 hands) as a control and 30 patients (40 hands) with carpal tunnel syndrome to evaluate the clinical usefulness of measuring nerve conduction velocity after wrist fiexion in diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. The median nerve conduction velocity over wrist to finger segment was measured before and after wrist flexion for 1, 2 and 5 minutes, using belly-tendon method for motor nerve distal latency(MNDL) and antidromic method for sensory nerve conduction velocity(SNCV). The results were as follows : 1. In control froup, MNDL increased in 1 hand and SNCV decreased in 2 hands after wrist flexion. In patient group, MNDL increased in 2 hands and SNCV decreased in 3 hands after wrist flexion. 2. In both control and patient group, there were no significant changes in mean values of SNCV and MNDL between before and after wrist flexion. 3. Phalen's wrist flexion test was positive in 5 percent of control and 60 percent of patient group. 4. Tinel's sign was present in 10 percent of control and 33 percent of patient group.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of manual facilitation and a stick on lumbar and hip joint flexion angles in subject with lumbar flexion syndrome during forward bending from a sitting position. Fifteen subjects with lumbar flexion syndrome were recruited for this study. As a pretest, all subjects performed three repetitions of bending the trunk forward until the tips of their fingers touched the target bar. After this pretest, the subjects practiced the forward bending of the trunk 10 times, using either manual facilitation or a stick. Then, as a posttest, all subjects repeated the pretest procedure. The flexion angles of lumbar spine and hip joint during forward bending in a sitting position were measured using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. A paired t-test was used to determine the statistical differences between pre-test and post-test flexion angles and pre- and post-test flexion angle differences between forward bending with manual facilitation and forward bending with a stick. The level of statistical significance was set at p=.05. The results of the study showed that the angle of the lumbar flexion decreased significantly and the bilateral hip flexion angle increased significantly when performing forward bending with stick and manual facilitation. Furthermore, the angle of lumbar flexion decreased significantly and the angle of bilateral hip flexion increased significantly in forward bending with a stick compared to forward bending with manual facilitation. The findings of this study indicate that both forward bending with manual facilitation and sticks could be used to prevent excessive lumbar flexion and increase hip flexion, and that forward bending with a stick is more effective than forward bending with manual facilitation for inducing lumbar spine and hip joint angle changes.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.197-202
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) program on neck pain, cervical range of motion, pressure pain, and the cervical flexion-relaxation ratio in a visual display terminal (VDT) worker. Methods: We recruited a 33-year-old VDT worker diagnosed with chronic VDT syndrome. The subject was treated using a PNF program for 20 minutes a day, three times a week for six weeks. All evaluations were performed every two weeks on the first test day. Results: The PNF program resulted in a significant improvement in the subject's neck pain, cervical range of motion, pressure pain, and the cervical flexion-relaxation ratio after six weeks, in comparison to the subject's condition before treatment. Conclusion: The PNF program can be used effectively to improve neck pain, cervical range of motion, pressure pain, and the cervical flexion-relaxation ratio in visual display terminal (VDT) workers.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.63-73
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine EMG activities and VMO/VL ratio of the vastus medialis oblique, and vastus lateralis during step up exercise according to ankle and knee positions in soccer players with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Methods: Subject(patellofemoral pain syndrome, PFPS: n=8 and without PFPS, non PFPS; NPFPS: n=8) perfomed step up exercise at each knee and ankle position(knee flexion $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$, ankle internal rotation $30^{\circ}$, neutral, and external rotation $30^{\circ}$) while EMG activity was collected. The EMG signals were expressed by the % maximal voluntary isometric Contraction(%MVIC) values. Statistical analysis consisted of two way repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc analysis. Results: Main results were as follows: 1) EMG of VMO, and VL was tend to be lower in PFPS compared to NPFPS. 2) EMG of VMO and VL with knee flexrion $60^{\circ}$ was significantly higher the results with knee flexion $30^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$. VMO and VL with ankle external rotation $30^{\circ}$ was significantly higher the results with internal rotation $30^{\circ}$ and neutral position. Conclusion: Considering the EMG activity was reduced due to the to the PFPS and that performing step up with knee flexion $60^{\circ}$ with ankle external rotation $30^{\circ}$ position may provide the most effective condition for patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of trapezius and serratus anterior strengthening exercise on the shoulder pain and muscle activation of patients with spinal cord injury and functional shoulder impingement syndrome. Methods: The study consisted of 10 patients with spinal cord injury who were hospitalized in Rehabilitation Hospital U, Uijeongbu, South Korea. The exercise was implemented three times a week for 10 weeks. In each session, the subjects performed one of a total of five types of exercise at mid-level intensity. The shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) was used to evaluate the patients before and after the intervention. The muscle activation of the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and anterior serratus muscle was assessed by surface electromyography (EMG) at the beginning of the experiment and 10 weeks later. Wilcoxon's singed-rank test was conducted to determine differences in the pain index and muscle activation before and after the exercise. The level of statistical significance was set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: SPADI scores significantly decreased after the exercise (p<0.05). In comparisons of muscle activation, there was a significant improvement in the upper trapezius at $60^{\circ}$ shoulder joint flexion (p<0.05). There was no significant improvement at $90^{\circ}$ shoulder joint flexion. The middle trapezius showed a significant improvement at $120^{\circ}$ shoulder joint flexion (p<0.05). Conclusion: Trapezius and serratus anterior strengthening exercise reduced pain in spinal cord injury patients with functional shoulder impingement syndrome. The decreased muscle activation of upper trapezius and increased muscle activation of the anterior serratus muscle at $60^{\circ}$ shoulder joint flexion point to positive effects of the exercise on supraduction of the scapula.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.68-73
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of closed kinetic chain exercise using EMG-biofeedback for selective training of the vastus medialis oblique on functional ability and Q-angle in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Methods: Thirty participants who met the criteria were included in this study. Participants were randomly allocated to the control group (Group I, n=10), closed kinetic chain exercise group (Group II, n=10), and closed kinetic chain exercise using EMG-biofeedback group (Group III, n=10). Intervention was performed in three groups, three times per week, for a period of six weeks. Kujala patellofemoral score and Q-angle were measured before and after the experiment. Results: Some significant differences in kujala patellofemoral score were observed in group II and group III, compared with group I (p<0.01). There was no significant difference on in Q-angle at knee flexion angle $0^{\circ}$. However, some significant differences in Q-angle at knee flexion $60^{\circ}$ were observed in group III, compared with group I (p<0.01). Conclusion: Closed kinetic chain exercise using EMG-biofeedback that provides real-time biometric information on selected muscles in order to increase the efficiency of treatment may be helpful in improvement of functional ability and Q-angle in patellofemoral pain syndrome.