• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.spc1
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• pp.265-271
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• 2005

Randomness exists in engineering. Tolerance, assemble-error, environment temperature and wear make the parameters of a mechanical system uncertain. So the behavior or response of the mechanical system is uncertain. In this paper, the uncertain parameters are treated as random variables. So if the probability distribution of a random parameter is known, the simulation of mechanical multibody dynamics can be made by Monte-Carlo method. Thus multibody dynamics simulation results can be obtained in statistics. A new concept called functional reliability is put forward in this paper, which can be defined as the probability of the dynamic parameters(such as position, orientation, velocity, acceleration etc.) of the key parts of a mechanical multibody system belong to their tolerance values. A flexible mechanical arm with random parameters is studied in this paper. The length, width, thickness and density of the flexible arm are treated as random variables and Gaussian distribution is used with given mean and variance. Computer code is developed based on the dynamic model and Monte-Carlo method to simulate the dynamic behavior of the flexible arm. At the same time the end effector's locating reliability is calculated with circular tolerance area. The theory and method presented in this paper are applicable on the dynamics modeling of general multibody systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.170-173
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• 2001

The design for cold extrusion dies is very important because the die insert is subjected to very high radial and hoop stresses. The design of cold extrusion dies has many constrained conditions. In this paper, two assumptions were proposed. First assumption was selected by yielding strength dependent on the to hoop stress of each ring in dies. Second assumption is that the maximum inner pressure is determined when yielding occurs in one ring of dies. To obtain the maximum inner pressure the flexible tolerance method was applied. A comparison of design values between the proposed method and the conventional method has been discussed.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2003

In the Prestressed die design for cold working, many constraining conditions should be considered to insure the die safety and to improve the dimension accountancy products. Among the constraining conditions, yielding conditions, diameter ratios and interferences between rings are very important. . In this paper, therefore, flexible tolerance method was used in order to search the optimum values of design variables. The maximum inner pressure is used as objective function in this numerical analysis. In the design Process, it was also involved the safety factor to the yield strength of each ring by considering the allowable tensile or compressive hoop stress in each ring. The proposed technique has been applied to the die design of backward extrusion process, and it's analytical results have been compared with that of the conventional design method.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.167-174
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• 2005

The design for cold extrusion dies is very important, because the die insert is subjected to very high radial and hoop stresses. The design of cold extrusion dies has many constrained conditions. In this paper, the used assumptions are such that the yield strength of each ring is selected according to the allowable tensile or compressive hoop stress in each ring and the maximum allowable inner pressure, when yielding occurs in one ring of the dies, is obtained by the proposed equation. In order to obtain design variables, such as diameter ratios and interferences, using the maximum inner pressure, the flexible tolerance method was used for shrink-fitted thick-walled cylinders. ANSYS APDL was used to perform the repeated analysis of deformation of the dies due to the variation of the design variables. The response surface methodology is utilized to analyze the relationship between the design variables and the maximum radial displacement of the die insert during extrusion. From the results, it is found that outer diameter of the die insert has the largest effect on the minimization of maximum radial displacement at the inner surface of the dies.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.45-52
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• 1987

In this paper, merits and demerits of Nelder and Mead Penalty Function Method(SUMTNM) and Flexible Tolerance Method(FTM) are investigated from the standpoint of generality, accuracy and efficiency. SUMTNM is combined with Nelder and Method and SUMT, but FTM improves the values of the objective function by using information provided by feasible points as well as certain nonfeasible points termed near-feasible points. Therefore, FTM uses more information than SUMTNM for minimizing object function. The structural analysis of a vertically corrugated bulkhead is performed by collapse mechanism and plate buckling analysis. Based on the results of this analysis, minimum structural weight design of a corrugated bulkhead by use of above two optimization techniques is carried out by investigating the effects of sizes of bulkhead on the structural weight.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.167-175
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• 2007

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to identify for perception and preference on Flexible working pattern of Nurses in hospital. Method: The subjects were 260 nurses enrolled in 11 hospitals located in S and P city. Questionnaire method was utilized for data collection. Data was analyzed by SPSS statistical program. Results: 86.5% of the nurses were working 3 shifts. 70.8% of nurses agreed that they decided to give up nurses because of very irregular working pattern. They want to work 40hrs/weeks, and agree to applying to Flexible working pattern. There was statistically significant between career(F=2.839, p=.039), working place(F=3.086, p=.047), the mind of change of occupation(F=.479, p=.002) and expected life pattern change after applicating for Flexible working pattern. Conclusion: We need to Various Flexible working pattern model. As well as we need to public information about nurses' Flexible working pattern.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.19-22
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• 2003

In this study, the design of prestressed die for spur gear forging have been investigated. The stress concentration at notch of the die insert is very important in the design of die for the forging of spur gear such as non-axisymmetric geometry. In the previous study, the flexible tolerance method was used in order to search the optimal value of design variables considering the constrain conditions. In the design process, it was also involved the safety factor to the yield strength of each ring by considering allowable tensile or compressive hoop stress in each ring. Using this technique, the die deign for spur gear forging has been successfully performed without yielding of the die after shrink fitting and during forging.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.20-26
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• 2007

The new integrated CAD-CAM systems induce an increasing demand for simulation tools, which are able to simulate industrial part assembly processes by welding, gluing, riveting or bolting(more generally by fastening). Concerning fastened flexible parts, there exist no efficient computational aid on tolerance and methodology available on the field. The first part briefly presents the approach method based on the finite element method for TADA(Tolerance Analysis of Deformable Assemblies). The second part compares the results obtained by simulation using the commercial FEM code with the measurements. The principal elements of dispersion have been identified and studied on an experimental basis in order to test the robustness of the TADA model. This has enabled us to verify the model's possibilities as regards industrial constraints such as the use of incompatible meshes or the use of triangular elements and so on.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.35-45
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• 1988

This paper presents a sophisticated Sequential Linear Approximation Method(SLAM) to solve nonlinear optimization problem and the performance of this method is compared with those of the Penalty Function Method(SUMT), Tangent Search Method(TSM) and Flexible Tolerance Method(FTM). To improve the convenience and flexibility in using the proposed SLAM, an user oriented design optimization language is developed and the application examples are shown for the optimization of propeller principal dimensions and the optimization of bulk carrier principal particulars.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.99-106
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• 2001

The design for cold extrusion dies is very important, because the die insert is subjected to very high radial and hoop stresses. The design of cold extrusion dies has many constrained conditions. In this paper, the used assumptions are such that the yield strength of each ring is selected according to the allowable tensile or compressive hoop stress in each ring and the maximum allowable inner pressure, when yielding occurs in one ring of the dies, is obtained by the proposed equation. In order to obtain design variables, such as diameter ratios and interferences, using the maximum inner pressure, the flexible tolerance method was used for shrink-fitted thick-walled cylinders. ANSYS APDL was used to perform the repeated analysis of deformation of the dies due to the variation of the design variables. The response surface methodology is utilized to analyze the relationship between the design variables and the maximum radial displacement of the die insert during extrusion. From the results, it is found that outer diameter of the die Insert has the largest effect on the minimization of maximum radial displacement at the inner surface of the dies.