• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to develop formal design principles towards flexible house plan. A flexible house plan accomodates spatial requirements corresponding to change of life style and provides a way of saving architectural materials. Design properties as a basis for manipulation of room includes adjacency, orientation and geometrical information which are suited well to flexible design. This paper has developed a formal grammar of shape which can be utilized to transform house plan. Flexible design presented here is based on the idea of various operations of the shape grammar. The shape grammar, as a set of rules, specifies manipulations of shapes for reorganization of spatial relationships of rooms in a house plan. It lists exemplary rules in control knowledge which guides design processes for modifying a plan. An example taken from house plan design is used to ilustrate important aspects of the flexible design which fundamentally provides the basis for architectural material saving.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.129-140
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• 2006

The study suggests that to compensate for the variety of inhabitants, flexible housing plans are needed. Furthermore, it proposes the support and infill system for the flexible plan of multi-family housing based on the inhabitants need. The inhabitants' need for the flexible plan of multi-family housing was studied using a survey using models. The survey target was the 100 housewives living in a $126.6m^2$(sold as 45 Pyeong) Apartment in Busan. The characteristics of the respondents were first examined, then to figure out the attitude towards the need for the flexible plan of multi-family housing, the concept and preference for the plan, and the satisfaction level of the current apartment plan were analyzed. To find out the structure of the flexible plan of multi-family housing, the need for the structure, furniture, light, and finishing materials were studied. Lastly, to learn the durability of the construction material, the preferred moving period and the reasons were researched. On the basis of the findings, the support and infill system was suggested.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.3 s.62
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• pp.66-75
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• 2007

In this study, by comparing the development and the space types of local and foreign flexible apartments, basic data will be derived for the development of various flexible types of apartments in Korea. A total of 60 unit plans, including 30 domestic cases and 30 overseas cases of flexible apartments, are analyzed for this study. In terms of the unit plan types, Korean apartments usually had a wide front bay with shallow depth, placing more rooms on the front bay; whereas foreign apartments tend to have various unit plan types: (1) a narrow front bay with deep depth, (2) a wide front bay with shallow depth, and (3) variegated open-plan types. Many apartments in foreign countries had a double-layered structure with the. upstairs and downstairs areas. In terms of the flexible types, many Korean apartments achieved interior flexibility using non-bearing wall or sliding doors; whereas foreign apartments had a flexible space by separating the support elements and the infill elements. There was found to be a close relationship between the location of support elements and the variability of unit plans. Support elements can be placed largely into three locations: (1) Between the front side bay and the rear side bay, (2) in the center bay of a unit plan, and (3) others. Depending on the location of support elements, various types of flexible unit plans can be created. Through a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign apartments, basic data that can be used for developing various flexible unit plans was derived.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.5 s.58
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• pp.120-129
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• 2006

Apartments have become the most popular type of residential building in Korea since the 1960s. The dwelling space should be designed to accomodate various life styles or changing needs of family members. This research is conducted to analyze flexible interior space types of apartments and to improve the architectural planning and design of apartments that can satisfy various needs of residents. In this study, apartments of 10 - 90 pyeongs built in the region of Seoul, between 1998 and 2007, are investigated in terms of the unit plan, the number of open sides, and a distribution of flexible apartment types for each year, Apartments with flexible space are classified into 10 different types, including a flexible type between bedrooms, a flexible type between a bedroom and the livingroom, and a flexible type between the dinning room and the livingroom. According to the composition of unit plans, apartments are also differentiated as a single-corridor type, a double-corridor type, a stairway type, a hall type, and a combination type. According to these classifications, the characteristics of desirable unit plans were analyzed. The results of the analysis showed that, as the unit size of apartments get bigger, the ratio of width/depth of the front side unit plan is increased. This result reflects a trend of high-rise apartments which have an increased number of front-side bays and a shorter depth for better penetration of daylight. In addition, a hall type is found to have a wider front side and shorter depth. According to open sides, a flexible type of the livingroom and the dinning room/kitchen (L-D.K) is found to be most common for the front/back open space, and the livingroom is usually placed on the front/side open space. To meet the changing needs of residents, more research should be conducted on flexible dwelling space.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.189-194
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• 2002

This study aimed at the design trends and characteristics of flexible housing unit plan. In this paper, flexible unit plans of 256 examples that are constructed or will be constructed from 1991 to 2005 on the basis of the initial year of dwelling are analyzed. Divided into 60$m^2$, 85$m^2$, 102$m^2$, 135$m^2$, 165$m^2$ and above 180$m^2$ areas, kinds, characteristics and trend of planning of flexible housing unit plan are analyzed with the frequency and percentage method. The results of this study are as follows; 16 types of flexible kinds; room and living roon/room and room/room, room and living room. Since 2000, various types of flexible planning have came into existence (12 types of 16 types). 3bay is next to 4bay in number of flexible housing planning. There are R/L type in 3bay, R/L type and R/R types in 4bay. Flexible space organization is differentiated various types in R/L and public-private space has expanded in many ways.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.163-166
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Characteristics of Flexible housing Unit Plan Choice. It is believed that Flexible Housing relates to Family life cycle and the number of family. But this study revealed another factor, Space Syntax. It is reviewed that the Space Syntax effectively reveals the relative spatial depth of the spatial elements composing flexible housing unit plan. Thus, the Space Syntax is adopted as an analytic method of this study to objectify the concrete spatial changes. Through this study, the spatial organization of each case before changing is compared wi th that after changing, to find out the spatial changes over variation, Based on this theory, this study provide basic data to be used for architectural planning for flexible design. To design common facilities that support residents' leisure activities is one of the contemporary issues in Korea. People became interested in the leisure facilities in near-home environments. This trend encouraged this research study. The objectives of this study are to analyze the current status and characteristics of leisure facilities in apartment communities, to examine the correlations among leisure facilities, and to suggest design considerations for korean multi-family housing communities.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.669-686
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• 1997

In this research, an object-oriented Petri net model for representing a flexible process plan is proposed, which is hierarchically multi-faceted for supporting planning, scheduling, and shop floor control functions. The multi-faceted process plan model consists of the following: a) an object model which represents on object-oriented data model, b) a static model which represents a process flow model with process alternatives, and c) a dynamic model which represents a process activity model with resources alternatives, of a flexible process plan. Petri nets allow the static and the dynamic process plan models to be represented in a unified formalism with an ease of model transformation. The multi-faceted process plan model suggested in this paper, is illustrated with a prismatic port in comprehensive detail.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.1 s.60
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

Various residential patterns, which can accommodate ever-changing modem lifestyles, are increasingly needed. On the residents' demand for flexible space, mote research should be conducted on the apartments built by the concept of flexible space. In this study, apartments of 40-60 pyeong in size built in the region of Seoul, between 1998 and 2007, are analyzed in terms of the flexible types and the unit plan composition. To reflect the changes in people's perception of residential quality-preference for a residence with a good view, over for the direction that a residence faces, more rooms are placed on the front bay. From the analyses of this study, flexible unit plans are classified into 6 types; and it was found that, as the size of apartments gets larger, the livingroom and the dinning room tend to be placed on the front bay. After grouping rooms with a similar function into the spatial zones of the master bedroom, children's room, the livingroom, and the dinning room, flexible types are analyzed in terms of the location of rooms. The results of this study will be able to contribute to establishing flexible housing culture that can accommodate the changing needs of residents.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.97-117
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• 1993

This paper considers inspection station location problem for a flexible assembly line that consists of multiple stages. By considering the trade-off between locating an station at an "early" stage and at a "late" stage, we have developed some dominance relations on a graph. Based on the dominance relations, we then present an algorithm that finds an optimal inspection plan and a heuristic approach that finds a near-optimal inspection plan. The effectiveness of these two algorithms is demonstrated by two numerical examples. numerical examples.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.34-45
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• 2003

The motivation for transforming the Seoul City Hall plaza into place for pedestrians was prompted by the 2002 World cup event. This place has diverse time layers ranging from the Yi-dynasty to the present. Around city hall, diverse cultural assets and distinctive architecture are scattered. The place is a kind of melting pot that represents different times and cultures in the city. Transforming place for cars into place for citizens suggest several implications in city making policy such as high priority for pedestrians in urban design and enhancement of the public open spaces through downtown remodelling. Our plan is to propose the idea of Media plaza. One of the characteristics of Seoul now can be summarized as Media because the W industry and infrastructure are well developed in the city. ´Seoul Media Plaza´ adopts high-tech infrastructures such as RGB color post, multi box, I-Gate, etc as design materials. Three concepts of the plan are ´evolutionary plan´, ´flexible plan´, and ´participatory plan´. First, the plan will embrace the future changes of external conditions. Second, the plan should be flexible to accomodate the diverse activities in the plaza. Another special aspect of the plan is a kind of open plan. The ground surface of the plaza will be changed in its pattern and shape by citizen participation. Finally, the ´Seoul Media Plaza´ attempts to represent the spirit of Seoul and to connect the past, the present and the future while promoting citizen participation.