• 제목/요약/키워드: Flavors

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계절에 따른 시판 신선 편이 샐러드 제품의 품질 평가 (Quality Evaluation of Fresh-cut Market Products by Season)

  • 조순덕;윤수진;김동만;김건희
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.295-303
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    • 2007
  • As a result of life-style changes, consumer's concerns of food have shifted from calories and nutrition to health and convenience. Fresh-cut products are one such new direction for fruit and vegetable consumption. In this study, the vitamin C, mineral, and pesticide contents of various fresh-cut products were analyzed. According to sensory evaluations, the key reason for a lower than expected overall acceptability of many fresh-cut products is that they are likely to have browning and can easily lose their freshness. Also, the sensory evaluation showed that shriveling, the degree of browning, softening around the cut edge, and off-flavors were the primary factors affecting the quality of fresh-cut products. As a nutritional factor of quality, vitamin C content was not practical with regard to fresh-cut lettuce because the level was very low. For product safety, residual pesticides were detected in the fresh-cut products, but the results showed that all items were under permitted levels and considered safe. In evaluation of the microbial levels of the fresh-cut market products, the levels of viable cells, mold, yeast, coliform bacteria, and enterobacteriaceae were not significantly different based on the summer and winter seasons. The levels of S. aureus and Listeria spp. in the products were higher during the summer season than the winter.

전리(電離)에너지가 혼합(混合) 조미료(調味料)의 살균(殺菌) 및 품질(品質)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of Ionizing Energy on the Decontamination and Quality of Mixed Condiment)

  • 윤형식;권중호
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • 제4권
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    • pp.65-69
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    • 1986
  • 혼합(混合) 조미료(調味料)의 효과적(效果的)인 살균(殺菌)을 목적(目的)으로 시료에 3~9kGy의 감마선을 조사한 뒤 $30^{\circ}C$에서 3개월 동안 저장하면서 미생물(微生物)의 생육도(生有度)와 살균처리(殺菌處理)에 따른 제품의 성분 및 관능적 품질을 평가해 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 시료(試料)의 미생물(微生物) 혼입도(混入度)는 일반세균(一般細菌)이 g당(當) $7.5{\times}10^5$, 대장균군(大腸菌群)이 $1.2{\times}10^2$이었으나 대장균군(大腸菌群)은 3kGy, 일반세균(一般細菌)은 9kGy 미만(未滿) 조사(照射)로서 완전사멸(完全死滅)되었고, 세균(細菌)의 $D_{10}$값은 1.94kGy로 나타났다. 2. 시료(試料)의 이화학적(理化學的) 특성(特性)은 살균처리(殺菌處理)에 따라서 거의 변화되지 않았으며, 저장기간이 경과될수록 3~6kGy 조사구는 대조구나 9kGy 조사구보다 성분의 변화가 적었다. 3. 시료(試料)의 관능적(官能的) 품질검사(品質檢査)에서 고선량(高線量) 조사(照射)는 제품(製品)의 풍미(風味)에 변화를 초래하는 것으로 나타나 이에 대한 구체적인 검토(檢討)가 요망(要望)된다.

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장자화(張子和) 보법(補法)에 대한 고찰(考察) - 이평위기(以平爲期) 사상을 중심(中心)으로 - (A Study on the Reinforcement Method of Zhang Zihe - Focusing on the Theory of Keeping Balance -)

  • 安鎭熹;金度勳;金鍾鉉
    • 대한한의학원전학회지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.225-240
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    • 2021
  • Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to examine Zhang Zihe's reinforcement method based on the theory of keeping balance(以平爲期). Methods : Based on his arguments in the Rumenshiqin and formula compositions, Zhang Zihe's reinforcement method was examined. Results & Conclusions : 1. Despite preconceptions that Zhang Zihe must have been critical of reinforcement methods due to his alliance to the offensive purgative group, in reality his criticism was not aimed at reinforcement methods entirely, but rather at warming and tonifying. 2. Zhang Zihe's criticism of warming and tonifying was based on his research of the Neijing, in which he realized the pathogenic effects of fire-heat and the side effects of warming and tonifying in clinical practice. This is a common conception among the Four Great Doctors of the Jin-Yuan period. 3. Zhang Zihe focused on eliminating pathogenic qi so that the body's qi would circulate smoothly to slowly restore the source qi. The theory of keeping balance was emphasized to achieve this goal. 4. Based on the theory of keeping balance, Zhang Zihe used various medicinals with different properties and flavors to allow for the medicinals in each of the sovereign, minister, assistant and courier positions to co-operate with each other, while using food reinforcement to restore the source qi.

프랑스 와인품종 Syrah에 관한 연구: 북부 론 지역을 중심으로 (A Study on Cepage of Syrah in France: focusing on Cote du Rhone Area)

  • 고종원
    • 국제지역연구
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.379-405
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    • 2012
  • 프랑스에 근원을 두고 있는 쉬라(Syrah)품종은 현대의 와인매니아와 전문가들에 의해 강렬하면서도 과일향이 풍부하며 밀도가 높아 좋은 평가와 호응을 얻고 있는 품종이다. 시라/쉬라즈는 세계적으로 대중화되고 있으며 재배지역도 수요가 증가함에 따라 커지고 있다. 시라의 장점은 다양한 스타일의 와인을 만들 수 있다는 점, 따뜻한 지역이나 서늘한 지역이나 잘 자란다는 장점을 지니고 있다. 적응성이 좋다는 특성과 절제되면서도 화려한 성격이 와인매니아들의 관심을 크게 받게 된 결과로 사료된다. 프랑스 론지역은 시라를 재배하는 대표적인 지역이다. 특히 이 지역이 주목받고 있는 것은 강하고 풀바디한 와인이 세계의 주요한 전문가 및 평가단으로부터 호평과 소비자들의 긍정적인 반응을 받고 있기 때문이다. 시라는 색상이 잉크같이 진하다. 알코올은 높은 편이다. 아로마가 뚜렷하고 새로운 오크에 잘 적응한다. 특히 완전히 익었을 때 훌륭한 와인이 된다. 병입 후 숙성되면 카시스, 팬에 구운 육류, 가죽, 커피, 태운 고무, 갈색설탕, 캐러멜, 건포도 부케가 생성된다. 수천년의 역사를 지니고 세계의 와인가운데서도 강렬하며 스파이시하며 타닌성분이 강하고 숙성하는데 오랜 시간이 걸리지만 향기가 오래 지속되며 맛이 강건한 특성을 지닌 시라의 스타일은 세계적인 호응을 얻고 있다고 하겠다.

소프트 래더링 기법을 이용한 액티브 시니어의 면류에 대한 가치체계 (Hierarchical Value Structure of Active Seniors for Noodles: Applying Soft Laddering Technique Based on the Means-end Chain Theory)

  • 오혜인;김가현;오지은;조미숙
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제34권4호
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    • pp.463-473
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    • 2019
  • The aim of this study is to identify the value structure of active seniors for noodles. Noodles are the secondly most preferred and familiar food in Korea, followed by rice. And noodles also have a variety of tastes/flavors and even a variety of ceremonial characteristics. The necessity of offering proper food to seniors has recently increasing because Korea becoming an aged society. This study conducted 1:1 in-depth interviews with 30 active senior participants using the soft laddering technique, which is based on the means-end chain theory. The Implication Matrix and HVM were derived from performing content analysis. The active seniors mainly consider the 'taste', expecting to obtain the 'satisfying taste', and pursuing the 'family affair', 'pleasure', and 'self-satisfaction'. The results of this study indicated that the taste is the most important attribute and the active seniors consider their family as well as the pleasure and satisfaction of their own. Male seniors mainly pursue the 'pleasure' and 'self-satisfaction' by satisfying their taste through considering 'taste' and 'familiarity'. But female seniors mainly pursue the 'family affair' by 'satisfying taste' through considering 'taste'. These results can be used as a basic data for developing noodle products for the elderly. This study will also contribute to the development of special care food and product concepts for the silver generation.

저염 Sauerkraut (fermented cabbage)의 정량적 묘사분석 및 기호도 연구 (Quantitative Descriptive Analysis and Acceptance Test of Low-salted Sauerkraut (fermented cabbage))

  • 지혜인;김다미
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제37권3호
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    • pp.239-247
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    • 2022
  • This study evaluated the sensory characteristics of sauerkraut prepared by adding 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5% (w/w) sea salt to cabbage. The quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) and acceptance test of sauerkraut were determined for each salt concentration, and the principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square regression (PLSR) analysis were performed to confirm the correlation between each factor. Results of the QDA determined 14 descriptive terms; furthermore, brightness and yellowness of appearance and the sour, salty, and bitter flavors differed significantly according to the salt concentration. Results from the PCA explained 22.56% PC1 and 65.34% PC2 of the total variation obtained. Sauerkraut prepared using 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% sea salt had high brightness, moistness, sour odor, green odor, sour flavor, carbonation, hardness, chewiness, and crispness, whereas sauerkraut prepared with 2.0 and 2.5% sea salt had high yellowness, glossiness, salty flavor, sweet flavor, and bitter flavor. Hierarchical cluster analysis classified the products into two clusters: sauerkraut of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%, and sauerkraut of 2.0 and 2.5%. Results of PLSR determined that sauerkraut of 1.0 and 1.5% were the closest to texture, taste, and overall acceptance. We, therefore, conclude that sauerkrauts prepared using 1.0 and 1.5% sea salt have excellent characteristics in appearance, taste, and texture.

Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Inhibition of Urease Activity and Fishy Smell in Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) during Refrigerated Storage

  • Jeong, So-Mi;Kim, Han-Ho;Ryu, Si-Hyeong;Kang, Woo-Sin;Lee, Ji-Eun;Kim, Su-Ryong;Lee, Ga-Hye;Xu, Xiaotong;Byun, Eui-baek;Ahn, Dong-Hyun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제32권6호
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    • pp.808-815
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    • 2022
  • In this study, gamma-irradiated mackerel (Scomber japonicus) meat was stored in a refrigerator for 20 days to examine the physicochemical changes related to fishy smell. The effect of gamma irradiation on the inhibition of the activity of crude urease extracted from Vibrio parahaemolyticus was also evaluated. Increased levels of trimethylamine (TMA) and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) content, which are the main components causing fishy smell, were significantly reduced by day 20 of storage after gamma irradiation, indicating that freshness was maintained during storage. The ammonia nitrogen contents of 3, 7, 10, and 20 kGy gamma-irradiated groups were significantly decreased by 6.5, 15.2, 17.4, and 23.9%, respectively, compared to non-irradiated groups on day 20 of storage. In addition, urease activity decreased in a gamma irradiation intensity-dependent manner. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured during the storage of gamma-irradiated mackerel meat. The contents of ethanol, 2-butanone, 3-methylbutanal, and trans-2-pentenal, which are known to cause off-flavors due to spoilage of fish, were significantly reduced by day 20 of storage. Therefore, gamma irradiation can be considered useful for inhibiting urease activity and reducing fishy smell during fish storage.

한국에서 자생하는 갈조식물문에 관한 본초학적 연구 (A Herbological Study on the Phaeophyta Growing in the Korean Coastal Waters)

  • 전의상;정종길
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제36권4호
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    • pp.9-22
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    • 2021
  • Objective : The purpose of this dissertation is to make a list of the phaeophyta growing naturally in the Korean coastal waters, and to carry out a survey on the current distribution status to investigate the phaeophyta which can be used as medicinal herbs. Methods : References and research papers about herbology published at home and abroad were examined. Results : The results of this study were as follows : A total of 63 genera and 145 species of phaeophyta was found in the Korean coastal waters among which 11 genera and 15 species(approximately 11%) were medicinal plants. Out of the 145 species of phaeophyta 27 species belonged to Sargassum, and out of the 15 species of medicinal plants 4 species belonged to Sargassum. Among the medicinal parts 11 species belonged to algae. Sixteen species had cold property, and 16 species had salty flavors. Thirteen species had the efficacy of liver meridian, and 15 species had the potency of YEONKYUN, which helps to remove hard clots generated in human body. No toxic drugs were detected. Conclusion : There were totaled to 63 genera and 145 species in Phaeophyta in Korea and among them medicinal plants are 11 genera, 15 species, some 11% in total. Thirteen species had the efficacy of liver meridian, and 15 species had the potency of YEONKYUN, which helps to remove hard clots generated in human body. No toxic drugs were detected.

DNA 염기서열과 미각패턴 분석을 이용한 사상자와 벌사상자의 감별 (Comparison between Torilis japonica and Cnidium monnieri Using DNA Sequencing and Taste Pattern Analysis)

  • 김영화;김영선;채성욱;이미영
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제28권6호
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    • pp.9-14
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    • 2013
  • Objectives : Cnidii Fructus is prescribed as the fruit of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson or Torilis japonica (Houtt.) DC. in Korea pharmacopoeia. Although there are differences in the composition of useful components, two species have been used without distinction. In order to discriminate them, DNA sequencing and taste pattern analysis were used in this study. Methods : Primers ITS 1 and ITS 4 were used to amplify the intergenic transcribed spacer(ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA from seven T. japonica and six C. monnieri samples. Taste pattern of samples were measured by using taste-sensing system SA402B equipped with five foodstuff sensors(CT0, C00, AAE, CA0, and AE1). The five initial taste(sourness, bitterness, astringency, umami, and saltiness) and three aftertaste(aftertaste of bitterness, astringency, and umami) of two species were compared. Results : According to the results of ITS region sequence analysis, two species showed 94 base pairs differences. The similarity of two sequences was 85%. From the taste pattern analysis, sourness, bitterness, aftertaste of bitterness(aftertaste-B), and umami showed a different pattern. Especially, bitterness and aftertaste-B of C. monnieri were significantly higher than T. japonica. In addition, two species were shown to have two markedly different clustering by these two flavors. Conclusion : T. japonica and C. monnieri were effectively discriminated using DNA sequencing and taste pattern analysis. These methods can be used to identify the origin of traditional medicine in order to maintain therapeutic efficacy.

콩 생육시기별 Lipoxygenase활성의 변화 (Change of Lipoxygenase Activity during Soybean Growth)

  • 김용호;김석동;홍은희
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제39권3호
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    • pp.211-215
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    • 1994
  • Lipoxygenase는 콩 비린내 유발의 주원인이 된다. 따라서 lipoxygenase 발현 양상을 알아보고자 콩 생육시기별로 재료를 채취하여 lipoxygenase activity를 측정한 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. $V_3$$V_5$시기에 콩 잎에서의 lipoxygenase activity는 유전자형에 상관없이 일정한 경향이 없었다. 2. $R_6$시기의 /pod wall에서도 유전자형에 따른 lipoxygenase activity의 일정한 경향은 없었으나 종자 lipoxygenase는 lipoxygenase 결핍계통의 activity가 일반품종에 비해 낮았으며 lipoxygenase 결핍계통간에도 isozyme 결핍정도에 따라 activity도 다르게 나타났다. 3. 종자를 종피, 배, 자엽으로 구분하여 각각의 lipoxygenase activity를 측정한 결과 종피에서는 유전자형에 따른 경향을 찾을 수 없었으나 배와 자엽에서는 lipoxygenase isozyme 결핍 정도에 따라 activity도 다르게 나타났다.

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