• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.877-882
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of outdoor thermal environment of flat-type apartment houses and tower-type apartment houses in summer by numerical simulation. After inputting a building condition at CAD, we calculated the surface temperature for two apartments by using the numerical simulation of a clear sky day in summer in Seoul. The results indicated that the variation in Heat Island Potential(HIP) of tow apartments were not only in the day but also in the night. According to form of apartment the flat-type apartment houses appeared $1.3^{\circ}C$ more highly tower-type apartment houses.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the supply status and planning trend of North Korean housing through analysis on the North Korean architecture specialized media data. The flat composition is changing and the living room is becoming the center of the houses. Also, in the urban areas, the standard apartment type is four apartments in a row and the plan form is getting diversified into circle type, Y type, and irregular type. On the other hand, in the rural areas, two houses in a row and single house are typical and the change in planning scale and space structure are not substantial. Since the 2000s, design changes have been made to emphasize the third dimensional structure of buildings such as the elliptical houses and L-shaped houses. Furthermore, 8~10 households are located on one floor which leads to the tendency of the building enlargement. In terms of house size, a square concept was introduced to replace the initial 2~3 room concept and the basic module of the room planning the 3 room house based on $3m{\times}3m$. However, there seems to be no standard house size, and the house size may differ depending on the social classandregion. In the early 1980s, when there was focus on the apartment complex construction, the high-rise apartment buildings of 30~40 floors was planned. However, during the Pyongyang redevelopment project, apartments of more or less than 10 floors were built and row-houses of more or less than 4 floors were built. In terms of the complex scale, a lot of small complexes of around 300 households are emerging after 2010. The construction projects are mainly limited to specific regions such as Pyongyang and Samjiyeon, and also limited to specific classes such as the workers and soldiers initially and the scientists lately. In addition, living boundary composition and ancillary facilities for sufficient green area ratio securement and the people of North Korea are maintained consistently. In recent years, the specialized floor planning such as solar house and the house for the disabled people, framework houses for redevelopment business, and multi-storied house construction technology are also emerging.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2007

서울시 25개 자치구를 대상으로 주택 유형 및 세대구성원 등 여러 요인별로 1인당1일 수돗물 사용량(lpcd)을 비교 분석하였다. 조사대상인 표본으로부터 서울시 전체 모집단의 수돗물 사용량을 추정하여 제시하였다. 이를 위하여 서울시 주택유형 비율 통계자료를 이용하였으며, 실제 비율을 표본 결과에 적용하여 서울시 전체의 1인1일 수돗물 사용량을 추정하였다. 세대구성원수가 증가할수록 1인 1일 수돗물사용량은 감소하고 있다. 이는 세대구성원수와 상관없이 한 세대가 1인인 경우에도 취사, 세탁 등에 공통으로 사용하는 물의 양이 있기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 아파트의 경우 세대구성원수 증가에 따른 평균적인 수돗물사용량 감소량은 1인세대에서 2인세대로 변할 때 233 L(47.6%)이며, 2인세대에서 3인세대로 변할 때 62 L(20.8%)이며, 3인세대에서 4인세대로 변할 때 32 L (16.9%)이며 4인세대에서 5인세대로 변할 때 18 L(9.0%)로 나타났다. 선형회귀식을 구하여 검토한 결과, 세대구성원이 1인증가함에 따라 감소율이 12%씩 감소하는 것을 보여주고 있다.