• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 2014

For the safe handling of cyclopentanol, this study was investigated the explosion limits of cyclopentanol in the reference data. The flash points and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash point of cyclopentanol by using closed-cup cyclopentanol was experimented at $49^{\circ}C$. The lower flash points of cyclopentanol by using open cup tester was experimented at $59^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for cyclopentanol. The experimental AIT of cyclopentanol was at $363 ^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.20-26
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• 2015

For the reliability of the combustible properties of arylic acid, this study was investigated the explosion limits of acrylic acid in the reference data. The flash points and AITs(auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition delay time were experimented. The lower flash points of acrylic acid by using Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers were experimented in $48^{\circ}C$ and $51^{\circ}C$, respectively. The lower flash points of arylic acid by using Tag and Cleveland open cup testers were experimented in $56^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659 tester for acrylic acid. The AIT of acrylic acid was experimented as $417^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit(LEL) and the upper explosion limit(UEL) by the measured the lower flash point and the upper flash point of acrylic acid were calculated as 2.2 Vol% and 7.9 Vol%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.37-42
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• 2007

Flash points for the flammable binary systems, n-propanol+acetic acid and n-propanol+n-propionic acid, were measured by Cleveland open cup tester. The Raoult's law, the van Laar equation and the UNIQUAC equation were used for predicting flash points and were compared with experimentally-derived data. The calculated values based on the van Laar and UNIQUAC equations were found to be better than those based on the Raoult's law. And the predictive curve of the flash point prediction model based on the UNIQUAC equation described the experimentally-derived data more effectively than was the case when the prediction model was based upon the the van Laar equation.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2020

For the design of the prevention and mitigation measures in process industries involving flammable substances, reliable safety data are required. An important property used to estimate the risk of fire and explosion for a flammable liquid is the flash point. Flammability is an important factor to consider when developing safe methods for storing and handling solids and liquids. In this study, the flash point data were measured for the binary systems {2-butanol + 2,2,4-trimethylpentane}, {2-butanol + methylcyclohexane} and {2-butanol + toluene} at 101.3 kPa. Experiments were performed according to the standard test method (ASTM D 3278) using a Stanhope-Seta closed cup flash point tester. A minimum flash point behavior was observed in the binary systems as in the many cases for the hydrocarbon and alcohol mixture that were observed. The measured flash points were compared with the predicted values calculated via the following activity coefficient (GE) models: Wilson, Non-Random Two-Liquid (NRTL), and UNIversal QUAsiChemical (UNIQUAC) models. The predicted data were only adequate for the data determined by the closed-cup test method and may not be appropriate for the data obtained from the open-cup test method because of its deviation from the vapor liquid equilibrium. The predicted results of this work can be used to design safe petrochemical processes, such as the identification of safe storage conditions for non-ideal solutions containing flammable components.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2010

For the safe handling of toluene, explosion limit at $25^{\circ}C$ and the temperature dependence of the explosion limits were investigated. And flash point and AIT (Autoignition Temperature) for toluene were experimented. By using the literature data, the lower and upper explosion limits of toluene recommended 1.13 vol% and 7.9 vol%, respectively. In this study, measured the lower and upper flash points of toluene by air-blowing tester were $5^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively. And measured the upper flash points of toluene by Setaflash tester was $41.5^{\circ}C$. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659-78 apparatus for toluene, and the experimental AIT of toluene was $547^{\circ}C$. The new equations for predicting the temperature dependence of the explosion limits of toluene is proposed. The values calculated by the proposed equations were a good agreement with the literature data.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.28-34
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• 2011

For the safe handling of cyclohexanone, the explosion limits at $25^{\circ}C$ were investigated. The lower flash points and AITs (auto-ignition temperatures) by ignition time delay for cyclohexanone were experimented. By using the literatures data, the lower and upper explosion limits of cyclohexanone recommended 1.1 Vol.% ($100^{\circ}C$) and 9.4 Vol.%, respectively. The lower flash points of cyclohexanone were experimented $42{\sim}43^{\circ}C$ by using closed-cup tester and $49{\sim}51^{\circ}C$ by using open cup tester. This study measured relationship between the AITs and the ignition delay times by using ASTM E659-78 apparatus for cyclohexanone and the experimental AIT of cyclohexanone was $415^{\circ}C$.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.31-36
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• 2016

The flash point is one of the most important properties for characterizing the fire and explosion hazard of liquid solutions. In this study, the flash points of two flammable binary mixtures, n-pentanol + n-propanol and n-pentanol + n-heptanol systems were measured using a Seta flash closed cup tester. The flash point was estimated using the methods based on Raoult's law and multiple regression analysis. The measured flash points were also compared with the predicted flash points. The absolute average errors (AAE) of the results calculated by Raout's law were $1.3^{\circ}C$ and $1.3^{\circ}C$ for the n-pentanol + n-propanol and n-pentanol + n-heptanol mixtures, respectively. The absolute average errors of the results calculated by multiple regression analysis were $0.4^{\circ}C$ and $0.3^{\circ}C$ for the n-pentanol + n-propanol and n-pentanol + n-heptanol mixtures, respectively. According to the AAE, the calculated values based on multiple regression analysis were better than those based on Raoult's law.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.553-556
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• 2015

The usage of the correct combustion characteristic of the treated substance for the safety of the process is critical. For the safe handling of dimethylacetamide (DMAc) being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature (AIT) of DMAc was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of DMAc was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of DMAc by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $61^{\circ}C$ and $65^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of DMAc by using the Tag and Cleveland automatic open cup testers are measured $68^{\circ}C$ and $71^{\circ}C$. The AIT of DMAc by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $347^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $61^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 1.52 vol%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.21-25
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• 2015

The usage of the correct combustion characteristics of the treated substance for the safety of the process is critical. For the safe handling of bromobenzene being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature (AIT) of bromobenzene was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of bromobenzene was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of bromobenzene by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $44^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of bromobenzene by using the Tag and Cleveland automatic open cup testers are measured $56^{\circ}C$ and $64^{\circ}C$. The AIT of bromobenzene by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $573^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $44^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 1.63 Vol%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.34-40
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• 2016

For the safe handling of isoamyl alcohol being used in various ways in the chemical industry, the flash point and the autoignition temperature(AIT) of isoamyl alcohol was experimented. And, the lower explosion limit of isoamyl alcohol was calculated by using the lower flash point obtained in the experiment. The flash points of isoamyl alcohol by using the Setaflash and Pensky-Martens closed-cup testers measured $31^{\circ}C$ and $33^{\circ}C$, respectively. The flash points of isoamyl alcohol by using the Tag and Cleveland open cup testers are measured $43^{\circ}C$and $45^{\circ}C$. The AIT of isoamyl alcohol by ASTM 659E tester was measured as $419^{\circ}C$. The lower explosion limit by the measured flash point $31^{\circ}C$ was calculated as 0.87 vol%. It was possible to predict lower explosion limit by using the experimental flash point or flash point in the literature.