• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.1089-1096
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• 2003

An experiment was performed to investigate lift-off, blow-off and combustion characteristics of a lifted coaxial diffusion flame according to fuel jet and air velocity. A jet diffusion flame which is attached on the nozzle rim begins to be lifted with increase of air velocity, and finally becomes blow-off at higher air velocity. In experiment, blow-off limit increased with increase of fuel jet velocity, however lift-off occurred at lower air velocity. Flame structure and combustion characteristics were examined by schlieren photos, temperature distributions and emission concentration distributions. Flame temperature became higher at midstream and its RMS became larger at up and downstream with increase of air velocity. Local NO concentration decreased but $CO_2$concentration increased with increase of air velocity, which shows combustion reaction becomes close to be stoichiometric at higher air velocity in spite of lift-off.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2012

The Blow-off characteristics of LPG/air lean pre-mixed flames were experimentally investigated using a double and a multiple concentric coflow burners. Experiments were conducted to understand the effects of recirculation motion, thermal interaction between flames, and stratified flame configuration. Here, the stratified premixed flame is a "new concept" of a flame that sequentially contains fuel rich, stoichiometric, and fuel lean reaction zones in a flame. The blow-off from a lean premixed flame was significantly suppressed with recirculation motion. The recirculation motion by itself, however, was not sufficient to prevent the blow-off when the equivalence ratio became low. The existence of a inner premixed flame could also help to prevent the blow-off of lean premixed flame; however, the blow-off suppression effect was rather diminished by weakened recirculation motion with the presence of inner flame. The inner flame could be separated from an outer flame on a multiple concentric coflow burner, causing recirculation motion as well as thermal interaction between flames to become effective; therefore, the blow-off was further suppressed. The lean premixed flame could be stabilized with a fuel rich premixed flames that was produced with the supply of fuel through an inner nozzle. The penetration of lean premixed gas from outside into the fuel stream produced a lifted rich premixed flame. Chemiluminescence images of OH, CH, and $C_2$ radicals confirmed the structure of a stratified premixed flame. The stable premixed flames could be obtained at the very fuel lean condition by applying the stratified premixed flame concept.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2006년도 제33회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.73-78
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• 2006

The lifted oscillating flame has been studied using experiments of inverse diffusion flames that the air jet injected into a methane background. To find out the characteristics of inverse diffusion flames, fundamentally flame stabilized diagram is investigated with various air and fuel jet velocities. It has five regions - flame extinction, stable attached flame, anchored flame, liftoff flame and blow off region. In inverse diffusion flame, lifted flames were observed near the blow off region. As long as flames lift off, flames oscillate by periods. In this oscillating lifted flame region, the frequency of 1 and under were observed in various air and methane jet velocities. Characteristics of lifted flames are also examined by using the ICCD direct image. And intensity of flame chemiluminescence is very different in rising and falling period from photographs. For the present, it is predicted that the changes of flame structure are related with flame oscillation, but more experiments will be needed to make clear the phenomenon.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1269-1279
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• 1995

An experimental study is carried out on turbulent diffusion flames stabilized by a circular cylinder in a divergent duct flow. A commercial grade gaseous propane is injected from two slits on the rod as fuel. Flame stability limits, as well as size and temperrature of recirculation zone, are measured by direct and schlieren photographs to clarify the characteristics and structure of diffusion flames and to assess the effect of various divergent angle of duct. The results of the present study are as follows. Temperature in the recirculation zone decreases with increasing divergent angle. The blow-off velocity in parallel duct is higher than that in divergent duct. Critical blow-off velocity is expected to be about 8-12 degree through blow-off velocity pattern. Regardless of divergent angles, the length of recirculation zone is nearly constant, and this length becomes longer with rod diameter. Pressure gradient has an effect on the eddy structure in shear layer behind the rod. With the increase of divergent angle, large scale eddies by dissipated energy in shear layer are split into small scale eddies, and the flame becomes a typical distributedreacting flame.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.729-738
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• 2010

질소로 희석된 부탄 층류 부상 화염에서 발생할 수 있는 화염진동 메커니즘을 살펴보기 위하여 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 화염 진동은 층류 자유제트 부상 화염에서 5가지 영역으로 구분되었다: 화염 안정화 영역 (I), 열손실에 의한 진동 (II), 열손실에 의한 진동과 부력에 의한 진동이 혼재된 영역 (III),열손실에 의한 진동과 화염날림 직전의 진동이 혼재된 영역 (IV), 그리고 열손실에 의한 진동, 부력에 의한 진동 및 화염날림 직전의 진동이 모두 혼재된 영역(V). 각각의 화염진동의 특성을 규명하기 위해 화염의 시간에 따른 부상 높이 변화에 대한 FFT분석을 수행하였고 각 영역에 관련된 무차원 변수와 스트라훌 수의 조합으로 특성화 작업을 수행하였다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2000년도 제21회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.59-66
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• 2000

In this study, We studied flow and combustion characteristics of a Flat Flame Burner(FFB) with swirler. As swirl number increase, the streamlines is proceed close to tile and velocity is large. Blow-off limit decrease when swirl number is 1.24, but blow-off limit increase when combustion load is 6500kcal/hr. Temperature distribution is uniform in front of tile and NO formation is small at S=1.24. We expect that the radiation can be transmitted to the object and NOx will reduce because of recirculation zone

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.569-579
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• 2004

The lift-off characteristics of lifted laminar propane jet flames highly diluted with nitrogen are investigated introducing acoustic forcing with a fuel tube resonance frequency. A flame stability curve is obtained according to forcing strength and the nozzle exit velocity for N2 diluted flames. Flame lift-off behavior is globally classified into three regimes; 1) a weakly varying partially premixed behavior caused by a collapsible mixing for large forcing strength, 2) a coexistent behavior of the edge flame and a weakly varying partially premixed behavior for moderate forcing strength, and 3) edge flame or triple flame behavior for small forcing. It is shown that the laminar lifted flame with forcing affects flame lift-off behavior considerably, and is also clarified that the flame characteristic of flame base is well described with the penetration depth of the degree of mixing, ${\gamma}$$\_$$\delta$/. It is also confirmed that the weakly varying partially premixed flame caused by a collapsible mixing fur large forcing strength behaves as that just near flame blow-out in turbulent lift-off flame.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 제26회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.65-73
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• 2003

An experimental study on flame lift-off characteristics of propane jet flame highly diluted with nitrogen has been conducted introducing acoustic forcing with a tube resonant frequency. A flame stability curve is attained according to forcing strength and nozzle exit velocity for $N_2$ diluted flames. Flame lift-off behavior with forcing strength and nozzle exit velocity is globally categorized into three; a well premixed behavior caused by a collapsible mixing for large forcing strength, a coexistent behavior of well-premixed and edge flames interacting with well-organized inner fuel vortices for moderate forcing strengths, and edge flame behavior for small forcing strengths. Special focus is concentrated on the coexistent behavior of the flame base in lifted flame since this may give a hint to a possibility which the flame base behaves like a well-mixed premixed flame in highly turbulent lifted flames. It is also shown that the acoustic forcing to self-pulsating laminar lifted flame affects flame lift-off behavior considerably which is closely related to downstream flow velocity, mixture strength, effective fuel Lewis number, and flame stretch.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2017

전단 동축형 인젝터를 통해 분사된 친환경 이원추진제 기체메탄-기체산소의 연소특성을 규명하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. DSLR카메라를 이용하여 다양한 연소조건에서 화염을 촬영하였고, 이미지 후처리 기법을 통해 화염형상을 정량화한 후 그 특성을 분석하였다. 안정화 관점에서 확산화염은 anchored flame regime과 blow-off regime으로 구분될 수 있었으며, 산화제 레이놀즈 수($Re_o$)가 증가함에 따라 부착화염의 형성, 화염의 길이가 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 본 실험에 이용된 전단 동축형 인젝터는 추진제 제트의 운동량 확산에만 종속하고 그리 양호하지 않은 혼합으로 인해 분사방향으로 길이가 긴 화염을 형성하게 되므로 보다 큰 연소실 길이직경비가 요구됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1134-1139
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• 2004

Recently, development of flame control scheme has been hot issues in the combustion engineering. It has been held that flame shape can be controllable by pressure inside combustor. The influence of combustor atmospheric pressure on flame shape was investigated in the present study. The flame shape, flammable limit, flame temperature and nitric oxide emission were measured as functions of combustor atmospheric pressure and equivalence ratio. The reaction region became longer and wider with decreasing combustor atmospheric pressure by direct photography, hence reduction of blow off limit. This tendency was also observed in the mean flame temperature distribution. Nitric oxide emission decreased with decreasing combustor atmospheric pressure. Low NOx combustion is ascribed to wide-spread reaction region in the low atmospheric pressure condition. These results demonstrate that flame shape and nitric oxide emission can be controllable with combustor atmospheric pressure.