• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2005년도 제31회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.275-280
• /
• 2005

At previous study, nitrogen oxide emission was decreased with decreasing pressure index. This tendency was explained by the flame oscillation with changing combustor pressure. In this study, the characteristics of flame oscillation with changing combustor pressure were investigated. It can be found that flame length is extended and flame width is narrowed by decreasing combustor pressure. It can be observed that pilot flame and the surrounding air converge on the inner flame in the $P^{\ast}{\geqq}1$ conditions and that surrounding air and flow pattern was widely dispersed in the $P^{\ast}<1$ conditions. In the respect of average flame length, low fluctuation was shown in the $P^{\ast}<1$ conditions. On the other hands, large fluctuation was shown in the $P^{\ast}<1$ conditions. Flame oscillation are observed from $P^{\ast}=$ 0.98 in the condition of $P^{\ast}<1$ and the amplitude of flame oscillation becomes larger when $P^{\ast}$ is lowered. These results demonstrate that low NOx phenomenon was caused by flame oscillation with changing combustor pressure.

• 한국연소학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2008

An experimental study of the flame response in a turbulent premixed combustor has been conducted with room temperature, atmospheric pressure inlet conditions using premixed natural gas. The fuel is premixed with the air upstream of a choked inlet to avoid equivalence ratio fluctuations. Therefore the observed flame response is only the result of the imposed velocity fluctuations, which are produced using a variable speed siren. Measurements are made of the velocity fluctuation in the nozzle using hot wire anemometry and of the heat release fluctuation in the combustor using chemiluminescence emission. The results are analyzed to determine the phase and gain of the flame transfer function as a function of the modulation frequency. Of particular interest is the effect of flame structure on the flame response predictions and measurements. The results show that both the gain and the phase of flame transfer function are closely associated with the flame length and structure, which is dependent upon the upstream flow perturbation as well as equivalence ratio in the current study.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.202-207
• /
• 2007

In order to understand the phenomena of combustion instability, an experimental study was conducted at the moderate pressure and ambient temperature conditions. The flame behavior and the pressure fluctuations were measured in a dump combustor. Various types of combustion modes occurred in accordance with the equivalence ratio and the fuel supplying conditions. The fluctuation of pressure, heat release and equivalence ratio were measured by piezoelectric pressure sensor, high speed Intensified Charge Coupled Device (HICCD) camera and gas chromatography respectively. Two representative modes were self-excited pressure oscillations at the resonance of combustion chamber (200Hz) and instabilities related to the modulated fuel flow rate through the fuel holes (10Hz). It is found that, especially in an unchoked fuel flow condition, the modulation of the fuel flow rate affects the characteristics of flame behavior and pressure fluctuations in a lean premixed flame.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.561-568
• /
• 2003

An experiment using high preheated air in a turbulent non-premixed flame was performed to investigate the effects of high preheated air on the combustion characteristics. Combustion using high preheated and diluted air with flue gas is a new technology which enables NO emission to be reduced. In this study, Na was used as diluent and propane as fuel. Combustion characteristics, especially the distributions of the flame temperature, NO concentration and OH radical intensity were examined under the condition of 300 K, 600 K, 1000 K in terms of the combustion air temperature, and also under the condition of the dilution level from 21% to 13% in terms of oxygen concentration. As the preheated air temperature increased, it appeared that the flame length became shorter, maximum flame temperature increased, the reaction region moved to upstream, and NO concentration increased, but the flame temperature's fluctuation was reduced. In opposite, it was shown with decrement of oxygen concentration at the maximum temperature that both maximum value and the gradient of the flame temperature decreased, and NO emission also decreased considerably, but its fluctuation became larger, being inclined to be unstable.

• 한국연소학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2006

The impacts of equivalence ratio on flow structure and flame dynamic in a model gas turbine combustor are investigated using large eddy simulation(LES). Dynamic k-equation model and G-equation flamelet model are employed as LES subgrid model for flow and combustion, respectively. As a result of mean flow field for each equivalence ratio, the increase of equivalence ratio brings about the decrease of swirl intensity through the modification of thermal effect and viscosity, although the same swirl intensity is imposed at inlet. The changes of vortical structure and turbulent intensity etc. near flame surface are occurred consequently. That is, the decrease of equivalence ratio can leads to the increase of heat release fluctuation by the more increased turbulent intensity and fluctuation of recirculation flow. In addition, the effect of inner vortex generated from vortex breakdown on the heat release fluctuation is increased gradually with the decrease of equivalence ratio. Finally, it can be identified that the variations of vortical structure play an important role in combustion instability, even though the small change of equivalence ratio is occurred.

• 한국추진공학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2011

희박 예혼합 가스터빈에서 발생되는 연소 불안정 현상의 메커니즘을 규명하기 위하여 입구 속도 변동에 대한 열발생 변동을 정량화한 화염 전달 함수가 실험적으로 규현되었다. 이를 위하여 실제 가스터빈과 유사한 형태를 갖는 모형 연소기가 제작되었으며, 열발생율의 측정을 위한 가시화 연소기가 장착되었다. 또한 흡기 속도의 변조를 위하여 가변 속도 모터 및 유량 제어 장치가 설계되었고, 이러한 장치들을 통하여 입구 속도 변동이 열발생율의 진폭에 미치는 영향 및 화염 구조의 변화를 실험적으로 계측하였다. 실험 결과 화염 전달 함수는 당량비와 같은 운전 조건과 더불어 속도 섭동 조건에 대하여도 크게 의존하며, 화염의 길이와 섭동파 파장의 비율을 의미하는 Strouhal 수에 의하여 일반화될 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.292-299
• /
• 2007

In gas turbine technology, the flame stability is inherently greater in conventional diffusion type combustion over a wider range fuel to oxidizer ratio. However, premixed type combustion which has narrow flame stability region, is widely used due to environmental reason. It has been observed in experiments that combustion instability of low frequency (${\sim}10Hz$) results from the modulation of equivalence ratio at fuel injection hole when a pressure fluctuation propagates upwards along the channel of the burner under an unchoked fuel flow condition. In this study, a commercial program was used to determine how the fuel flow rate changed with respect to the pressure, velocity of the fuel flow and the mass fraction in a choked and an unchoked condition. The calculation focuses on the upstream of the dump plane to know how the forced pressure with the fuel injection conditions affects the modulation of the equivalence ratio. Therefore, it is found that pressure fluctuation leads to oscillation of mass flow rate and then results in equivalence ratio modulation under the unchoked fuel flow condition.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2006년도 제33회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.242-250
• /
• 2006

The impacts of equivalence ratio on the flow structure and flame dynamics in a model gas turbine combustor are investigated using large eddy simulation(LES). Dynamic k-equation model and G-equation flamelet model are employed as LES subgrid model for flow and combustion, respectively. As a result of mean flow field for each equivalence ratio, the increase of equivalence ratio brings about the decrease of swirl intensity through the modification of thermal effect and viscosity, although the same swirl intensity is imposed at inlet. The changes of vortical structure and turbulent intensity etc. near flame surface are occurred consequently. That is, the decrease of equivalence ratio can leads to the increase of heat release fluctuation by the more increased turbulent intensity and fluctuation of recirculation flow. In addition, the effect of inner vortex generated from vortex breakdown on the heat release fluctuation is increased gradually with the decrease of equivalence ratio. Finally, it can be identified that the variations of vortical structure play an important role in combustion instability, even though the small change of equivalence ratio is occurred.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.79-82
• /
• 2009

초음속 엔진의 흡입구에서의 종말충격파와 연소실 화염의 상호간섭 연구를 위하여 초음속 엔진의 전영역, 즉 흡입구에서부터 연소실과 노즐까지 통합하여 비정상 연소수치해석을 수행하였다. 초음속 엔진이 상승하는 가속모드와 순항모드에서 상호간섭의 동적현상을 연구하였다. 흡입구에서의 충격파거동과 주요 위치에서 압력거동을 분석하고 초음속 엔진 전영역에서의 음향모드를 분석하여 현 시스템의 동적 거동을 파악하였다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제34권7호
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2006

본 논문에서는 대와동모사를 이용하여 모형 가스터빈 연소기에서 난류 예혼합연소의 선회 유동구조와 화염특성이 검토되었다. 비정상 화염 거동을 모사하기 위하여 G-방정식 화염편 모델이 적용되었다. 결과로서, 입구 선회수 증가에 따른 코너 및 중앙 재순환 유동이 뚜렷한 차이를 보이며, 화염의 길이도 점차 감소됨을 확인 할 수 있었다. 또한 강선회 조건에서 역화현상의 원인이 확인되었다. 정확한 비정상 화염거동의 모사를 위하여, 연소실 내 음향파 거동의 예측성능이 우선적으로 검토되었으며, 스텝 모서리 근처에서 생성된 와동이 화염면 변동에 가장 큰 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 마지막으로 비정상 화염-와동 상호작용에 대한 해석을 통해 선회와 음향파의 전개로부터 생성된 와동의 진동이 화염면 및 열발생의 변동과 밀접하게 관련되어짐을 체계적으로 규명하였다.