• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.259-275
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• 2021

This study analyzed the decision-making process in ship finance for the choice between fixed and floating interest rates using behavioral finance theories. Results confirmed that causes and background of decision-making processes could be explicitly explained by the framework of behavioral finance theories. This study also determined whether decisions were irrational. A case-study research was applied as the methodology. Decision-making data on ship finance collected through narrative and questionnaire responses were analyzed and evaluated using behavioral finance theories. Theories of behavioral finance used in the analysis and research of this study included availability heuristic, anchoring effect, and opportunity cost theory. Narrative and survey responses were clearly explained by theories of behavioral finance. It was found that a shipping company suffered additional losses owing to decisions that included behavioral finance errors. Behavioral finance theories largely influenced the decision-making process of choosing between a fixed interest rate and a floating interest rate. Shipping finance decisions related to interest rate selections could be clearly explained by behavioral finance theories. Errors related to behavioral finance could result in irrational decisions. Thus, managers who are responsible for shipping finance should remain vigilant toward any behavioral finance errors when making shipping finance decisions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2022

The study investigates the effect of trade openness on the economic growth of agricultural countries. The information of export, import, gross domestic product (GDP), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), and population of 72 agrarian nations generated by the World Bank from 2011 until 2020 is used for data examination. Then, before panel data analysis, a preferred model is chosen from among common-effects, fixed-effects, and random effects. The best model turns out to be a fixed-effect model. The result reports that from 2011 to 2020; 16 out of 72 nations have succeeded in experiencing positive economic growth, the value of GFCF was US$ 2,859.04 billion, and later grew by 19 percent to US$ 3,393.73 billion, the population tends to increase continuously year by year, and 2 out of 72 countries experienced export plus import exceed their GDP. Moreover, trade openness is positively associated with economic growth, with a coefficient of 3.81. Besides that, an increase in GFCF may boost economic growth by approximately 3.32 percent. On the contrary, one percent additional population significantly delivers around 25.46 percent negative economic growth. To sum up, the higher intensity of products or services sold and bought abroad may enhance the economic performance.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.3-18
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• 2018

본고는 2003~2013년 기간 동안 62개 국가의 양자 무역자료를 이용하여 양자 간의 수출과 수입에 FTA와 FTA의 파급효과가 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 이를 분석하기 위해 본고에서는 1) FTA더미변수와 2) FTA더미변수를 이용한 가중평균수출입 규모를 FTA의 파급효과 변수로 구축하였으며, GMM, 패널 고정효과 및 확률효과, 그리고 PPML 추정방법을 이용하였다. 분석결과, FTA변수는 양자 간의 수출과 수입에 양(+)의 관계를 보여, 양자 간의 FTA가 무역창출 및 무역전환 효과에 의해 수출입을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. FTA의 파급효과를 나타내는 FTA 가중평균수출입 규모 변수도 모든 분석모형에서 양(+)의 값을 갖는 것으로 분석되어, 주변국 또는 제3국들의 다양한 FTA 체결은 양자 간의 무역규모를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본고는 무역을 증가시키기 위해서는 다양한 FTA를 체결한 국가와의 무역을 하는 것이 바람직하며, 향후 FTA의 분석은 기존의 2개국 모형에서 3개국 모형 분석으로 확대될 필요성이 있다는 시사점을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2006

In this paper, we present a novel approach to analyze the throughput of direct-sequence spread spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA) unslotted ALOHA system. In the unslotted system, the departure rate of interfering transmissions is proportional to the number of current interferers that can be regarded as the system state. In order to model this state-dependency, we introduce a two-dimensional state transition model that describes the state transition of the system. This model provides a more rigorous analysis tool for the DS/SSMA unslotted ALOHA systems with both fixed and variable packet lengths. Numerical results reveal that this analysis yields an accurate system performance that coincides with the simulation results. Throughout the analysis we have discovered that the state-dependency of the departure rate causes interference averaging effect in the unslotted system and that this effect yields a higher throughput for the unslotted system than for the slotted system when supported by a strong channel coding.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.232-237
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• 2017

Dentists often place post and core buildups on endodontically treated abutments for crown and bridge restorations. This article analyzes the bio-mechanical purposes, advantages and disadvantages of placing a core or a post and core in an endodontically treated tooth and reviews literature on post and core biomechanics. The author assesses the scientific rationale of the claim that the main purpose of a post is to retain a core, or the claim that posts weaken teeth. More likely, the main function of a post is to help prevent the abutment, on which a crown is cemented, from fracturing such that the abutment separates from the tooth root, at a fracture plane that is located approximately and theoretically at the level of the crown (or ferrule) margin. A post essentially improves the ferrule effect that is provided by the partial fixed denture prosthesis. This paper also explores the difference between bio-mechanical failures of crowns caused by lack of retention or excess taper, versus failures due to a sub-optimal ferrule effect in crown and bridge prostheses.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.105-121
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• 2014

제2차 세계대전 이후, 후진국의 폭발적인 인구 증가는 세계적인 근심을 야기했다. 하지만 출산율을 낮추려는 가족계획 사업의 효과는 이러한 정부 계획이 내생적으로 결정되기 때문에 측정하기 힘들다. 이 논문은 고정효과 모형을 써서 가족계획 사업의 출산율 저하에 대한 영향이 통계적으로 유의한지 밝혀내고자 한다. 고정효과 추정에 따르면 가족계획 사업이 출산율에 미치는 영향은 극히 미미하다. 그 중 1인당 소득이 높은 편인 국가들만이 유의한 음의 효과를 보여준다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.68-74
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• 1986

The governing differential equations and the boundary conditions for the free vibra- tion of the unsymmetric parabolic arch with fixed ends are derived on the basis of the equilibrium equations and the D'Alembert principle. The effect of the rotary inertia as well as the extensional and the flexural deformations is considered in the governing differential equations. A trial eigenvalue method is used for determining the natural frequencies. The Ru- uge-Kutta method is used in this method to perform the integration of the differential equations. The detailed studies are made of the lowest three vibration frequencies for the par- abolic chord length equal to 10m. The effect of the rotary inertia is analyzed and it's numerical data are presented in table. And as the numerical results the frequency versus the rise of arch and the radius of gyration are presented in figures.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.611-629
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• 2018

The objective of present study is to investigate the effect of granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) as partial substitution of natural sand on behaviour of cement mortar. For this, the methods of factorial design with water cement (w/c) ratio and incorporation percentages of GBS as replacement of natural fine aggregate i.e., GBS(%) as factors are followed. The levels of factor w/c ratio are fixed at 0.4, 0.45, and 0.5 and the levels of factor GBS(%) are kept fixed as 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The compressive strength (CS) of mortar after 3, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 90 days, and water absorption (WA) are chosen as responses of the study. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of experimental results has been carried out and those are illustrated by ANOVA tables, main effect and interaction plots. The results of study depict that the selected factors have substantial influence on the strength and WA of mortar. However, the interaction of factors has no substantial impact on CS and WA of mixes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제66권5호
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• pp.525-535
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• 2023

Objective : We performed an expanded multi-ethnic meta-analysis to identify associations between inflammation-related loci with intracranial aneurysm (IA) susceptibility. This meta-analysis possesses increased statistical power as it is based on the most data ever evaluated. Methods : We searched and reviewed relevant literature through electronic search engines up to August 2022. Overall estimates were calculated under the fixed- or random-effect models using pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed according to ethnicity. Results : Our meta-analysis enrolled 15 studies and involved 3070 patients and 5528 controls including European, Asian, Hispanic, and mixed ethnic populations. Of 17 inflammation-related variants, the rs1800796 locus (interleukin [IL]-6) showed the most significant genome-wide association with IA in East-Asian populations, including 1276 IA patients and 1322 controls (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.56-0.75; p=3.24#x00D7;10^-9) under a fixed-effect model. However, this association was not observed in the European population (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.80-1.47; p=0.5929). Three other variants, rs16944 (IL-1β), rs2195940 (IL-12B), and rs1800629 (tumor necrosis factor-α) showed a statistically nominal association with IA in both the overall, as well as East-Asian populations (0.01<p<0.05). Conclusion : Our updated meta-analysis with increased statistical power highlights that rs1800796 which maps on the IL-6 gene is associated with IA, and in particular confers a protective effect against occurrence of IA in the East-Asian population.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.229-249
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• 2017

A new technique to mitigate irregular buildings with soil structure interaction (SSI) effect subjected to critical seismic waves is presented. The L-shape in plan irregular building for various reasons was selected, subjected to seismic a load which is a big problem for structural design especially without separation gap. The L-shape in plan building with different dimensions was chosen to study, with different rectangularity ratios and various soil kinds, to show the effect of the irregular building on the seismic response. A 3D building subjected to critical earthquake was analyzed by structural analysis program (SAP2000) fixed and with SSI (three types of soils were analyzed, soft, medium and hard soils) to find their effect on top displacement, base shear, and base torsion. The straining actions were appointed and the treatment of the effect of irregular shape under critical earthquake was made by using tuned mass damper (TMD) with different configurations with SSI and without. The study improve the success of using TMDs to mitigate the effect of critical earthquake on irregular building for both cases of study as fixed base and raft foundation (SSI) with different TMDs parameters and configurations. Torsion occurs when the L-shape in plan building subjected to earthquake which may be caused harmful damage. TMDs parameters which give the most effective efficiency in the earthquake duration must be defined, that will mitigate these effects. The parameters of TMDs were studied with structure for different rectangularity ratios and soil types, with different TMD configurations. Nonlinear time history analysis is carried out by SAP2000 with El Centro earthquake wave. The numerical results of the parametric study help in understanding the seismic behavior of L-shape in plan building with TMDs mitigation system.