• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2013

Objectives : Provides research basis on steaming processing method (SPM) as described in literatures 'Roegongpojaron', 'Pojadaebub', and 'Susajinam'. Methods : The following issues were considered for current investigation regarding herbal drugs: (i) categorizing SPM-applied drugs, (ii) protocols on the use of the supporting materials, (iii) kind of supporting materials, (iv) processing periods, (v) part of the herb plants, (vi) herbal efficacy, (vii) intrinsic properties and tastes of the herbal drugs, (viii) meridian tropism of the herbal drugs. Result : The number of herbal drugs was 70 species from 'Roegongpojaron', 73 from 'Pojadaebub', and 66 from 'Susajinam'. The abundance of supporting materials was in the order of alcohol, honey and tofu. The herbal parts of the roots, stem, fruit, and seed were most widely used. Based on herbal efficacy, a drug supplementing invigoration was used most, and a drug eliminating heat followed next. Based on four spirit features, herbs showing warm, cold, and mild features were used. In considering five tastes, herbs showing bitter and sweet tastes were used most. In considering meridian tropism, herbs converging to liver and kidneys were used, and drugs converging to 'Samcho, and gallbladder were not used. Conclusion : The present survey on SPM as described in 'Roegongpojaron', Pojadaebub', and 'Susajinam' indicates that there is a principal specialty on the use of supporting materials, steaming periods, steaming parts and efficacy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.9
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• pp.68-80
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is, as a prior stage to produce manufactured medical goods, to examine literature on the medicinal efficacy of natural dyes that can be used to produce medical goods, and to experiment the possibility of dyeing of some medicinal ingredients that have not been used as natural dyes until now. For this study, 44 types of medicinal ingredients such as Gyomaekchil(buckwheat), Nohoiyeob(aloe), Pogongyounng(dandelion), and Jibooja(broom cypress) were used. First, they were classified by a thermal sensation such as hot, warm, neutral, cool, and cold feeling, and by their characteristics of complex tastes such as sweet, sour, bitter, salty, pungent, astringent, and flat tastes. And then they were dyed with two types of mordant, resulting to a total of 132 types of dyed cloths. The 132 dyed cloths could be classified as five types of colors: 89 types(67.42%) of yellow series, 25 types(18.94%) of yellow-red series, 6 types(4.55%) of green-yellow series, 6 types(4.55%) of purple series, and 6 types(4.55%) of purple-blue series. The results of this study found that there were various medicinal ingredients that had efficacy to cure skin disorders and also could be used as natural dyes.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.169-181
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• 1997

Kimi(氣味) means five tastes(五味), sour, bitterness, sweetness, hot taste and astringency, and four conditions(四氣), cold, hot, warm and cool, in the oriental medicine. This is defined based on yn-yang 5 evolutive phasis(陰陽五行), and 5 evolutive phasis on the change of season. Four seasons, spring, summer, autumm, winter are clearly different but, the rainy season(長夏) is not. In the thee of Ki (氣), not worm not hot(平) is included in addition to the four conditions that is because the rainy season is not differentiated clearly. KImi have realations to the four seasons, that is, warm and hot taste is considered as spring, hot and astringency as summer, not worm not hot and sweetness as rainy season, cool and sour as autumm, and cold and bitterness as winter. 4 conditions can be classified more detail, because the changes of the seasons are continuous. In the action mechanisms, Gardeniae Fructus reduces Heat of Insufficency Type(虛熱) of the upper class of medicinal herbs(上焦), and Rhel Rhizoma reduces Exessive Heat(實熱) of the under class of them(下焦). The assay methods for four groups medicines can be developed in three ways according to the indicators as follows. First, by the indicator which defines cold-acting medicine(寒性藥) such as Rhei Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus and is differentiated clearly from Hot-acting medicine(熱性藥) at the same time. Second, when the medicines are classified into another four groups as Drugs for Dispelling Internal Cold(溫裏藥), Drugs for Relieving Exterior Syndrome(解表藥), Drugs for Dispelling Phlegm(祛痰藥), Drugs for Regulatings Ki Flow(理氣藥), by the indicator which satisfies each group and is differentiated from other groups, at the same time. Third, by the indicator which has to be defined for each medicinal herb for four classification, individually.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1341-1345
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• 2007

There are four kinds of formulas for purging the liver to cure its sthenic syndrome based on the types of preparation formulas : Sagan-tang, Saganhwan, Saseem-san and Saganeum. Another formula called Sacheonghwan, Sacheong-tang and Sacheong-san is to purge the green colour of liver. There are 38 kinds of Sagan-tang, 2 kinds of Saganhwan, 29 kinds of Sagan-san, 5 kinds of Saganeum, 4 kinds of Sacheonghwan, 3 kinds of Sacheong-tang and 1 kind of Sacheong-san. Combination of herbal medicines, carried out in formulas for purging the liver, consists of various kinds depending on medical scientists' personal experience in medical treatment without any general principles, which makes it difficult to apply it to clinical use. The objectives of this study lie in theoretical establishment of Sagan-tang for curing the sthenic syndrome of liver through analyzing the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Sagan-tang, and furthermore, maximizing the clinical use of Sagan-tang. This study analyzed the component medicines and combination principles of Hyeongok's Sagan-tang based on the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicines from the ${\ulcorner}$Yellow Emperor's Canon of Internal Medicine${\lrcorner}$, the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine, and the five elements doctrine. Hyeongok's Sagan-tang is an odd prescription, composed of 7 kinds of ingredients : No.1 Radix Paeoniae (2don;7.5 g), No.2 Fructus Chaenomelis (1don;3.75 g), No.3 Radix Rehmanniae (1don), No.4 Folium Phyllostachydis Henonis (1don), No.5 Radix Bupleuri (1don), No.6 Radix Scutellariae (1don), and No.7 Radix Glycyrrhizae (1don). There are three methods for curing the sthenic syndrome of liver according to the five elements doctrine : purging the liver, purging the heart and invigorating the lung. In the case of taste purgation, two herbal medicines with sour taste, Radix Paeoniae and Fructus Chaenomelis, are combined into the principal and assistant herbal medicine, respectively. For property purgation, two herbal medicines with the cool property, Radix Bupleuri and Radix Scutellariae, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Both sweet and cold herbal medicines, Radix Rehmanniae and Folium Phyllostachydis Henonis, are combined into adjuvant herbal medicines. Sour herbal medicines, Radix Paeoniae and Fructus Chaenomelis, were combined to invigorate the lung. Cool herbal medicines, Radix Bupleuri and Radix Scutellariae, were combined to invigorate the lung and to purge the liver. In addition, Radix Glycyrrhizae are combined as dispatcher herbal medicine, harmonizing all the herbal medicines composing the formula. First, to cure the sthenic syndrome of the liver, the methods of purging the liver and the heart, and invigorating the lung should be used according to the five elements doctrine. Secondly, herbal medicines appropriate for those treatment methods should be chosen according to the theory for properties and tastes of herbal medicine and thirdly, the combination of those herbal medicines should be carried out according to the theory for principal herbal medicine, assistant herbal medicine, adjuvant herbal medicine, dispatcher herbal medicine. As a good example, Hyeongok's Sagan-tang is combined according to the above theories.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.12-135
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• 1997

Color(and appearance)is one of the most important visual attributes in food. The favorite color of food is depend on the nation and its culture. Unfortunately the word on color ash superseded appearance as the description of the total visual perception of food. The optical properties are color, gloss, translucency, the uniformity of these attributes over the surface of the product, and the appearance boundary condition visual flavor. The major purpose of this lecture is to stress the importance of color and gloss on the basis of sensory evaluation for vegetables and these cooking process. These points are as follows: 1. Color and palatability Principle of cooking ; five tastes and five colors 2. Pigments and colorimeter Plant pigments ; Chlorophyll, Carotinoid, Anthocyan Optical properties and colorimeter Correlating instrumental and pigments data 3. Color, gloss of vegetables Effect of color and gloss on several cooking treatments 4. The importance of color of foods to the food industry and consumer

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.209-246
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• 1997

In the literatual study on the Ecthyma, the results were as follows. 1. The pathogenic factors of Ecthyma is divided three parts. One is exogenous pathogenic factors which including the wind evil, wind heat and toxic material produced by wetness evil. Another is endogenous pathogenic factors which including the declination of kidney-yang, impairment of the liver and kidney, the lower classes of yin-fire, accumulation of wetness-heat in the spleen asthenia, impairment of the liver and kidney, wetness-heat of three yang, asthenic heat-syndrome of three yin. The other is pathogenic factors neither endogenous nor exogenous which including the food and living, uncontrol sexual excess, anxiety and angry, injury of skin, injury of insects and animals. 2. Five viscera which was concerned with Ecthyma are liver, spleen and kidney. 3. Frequent region of Ecthyma are S-36(足三里) and C-7(陰交). External Ecthyma was rose to wetness-heat of three yang channel that cured easily. Internal Ecthyma was rose to asthenic heat-syndrome of three yin channel that cured hardly. 4. In the frequency of prescription, the most numerous prescription is Bojungikgitang(補中益氣湯) and the next are Kyukgigo(隔紙膏) and Yukmijihwanghwan(六味地滉丸). 5. In the frequency of medicine, the most medicine is Calomelas(輕粉) which included Hydrargyrum(水銀) and the next are Olibanum(乳香) and Resina Commiphorae Myrrhae(沒藥) which regulating vital energy and pain control medicine used that in order to destroy insects and remove polson. 6. In classification of the medical action, medicine of clearing away summer-heat and heat evil and activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis used to be very busy which in order to remove the disorder of vital energy for virulent heat-evil. 7. In classification of four characters, the most part is warm medicine, the next are cold and cool medicine and there is a few that is hot medicine. 8. In classification of five tastes, the most numerous tastes are bitter and acrid, the next are sweet, salty and sour tastes. 9. In classification of virulence of medicine, the most part is non-toxic, the next are weakly and deadly poison. 10. In classification of channel distribution, the most is the medicine that belongs to liver channel, the next are the lung, spleen, stomach and kidney channel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.27 no.1 s.53
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• pp.134-140
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was the discrimination of different tobacco types by the E-Nose/tongue and the analysis of what human sensory attributes are correlated with e-instrument's sensors. Samples were made from five groups of Korean domestic tobacco leaves, aged burley and not aged, aged flue-cured and not aged and blending types of the four. Instrumental tests were conducted to discriminate characteristics among different tobacco samples by the E-Nose and the E-Tongue. Sensory attributes of tobacco tastes were impact, irritation, bitterness, hay-like, tobacco taste, smoke volume, smoke pungent and mouth cleanness. STATISTICA software was used to analyze correlation between the human sensory data and the raw data of e-instruments. Discrimination analysis can be achieved using principal components analysis (PCA) and discriminant factorial analysis(DFA). As a result, impact, bitterness, irritation, smoke volume and smoke pungent of human sensory attributes were correlated with data from the several clustered E-Nose sensors(p < 0.10). And bitterness, irritation, and smoke pungent of human sensory attributes were correlated with data from the E-Tongue sensors(p < 0.10). PCA plot by the E-Nose shows that aged tobacco and not aged were discriminated and DFA plot shows that three groups(aged burley, not aged burley and flue-cured) were discriminated. PCA plot by the E- Tongue shows that flue-cured tobacco was separated from burley. Our results indicated that the e-instruments are sensitive enough to distinguish among tobacco types and their several sensors are reacted to the human sensory attributes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-77
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• 2012

Donguibogam, Korea's cultural heritage and traditional Oriental medicine book listed in the World Heritage three years ago, is indeed great in its importance and value. Korea's posterity has sought treatment methods through the medical book and their researches on that book have continued. However, it is rare to make the concrete analysis on the medicines for prescriptions recorded in the book. In this study, we reviewed "Ears" in the Section "Bodily Appearance" among the five chapters of Donguibogam, and analyzed the 55 types of prescriptions for ear diseases, the medical characteristics, tastes, prime classification of medical herbs, and acupunctural effects, and the dosage forms depending on prescriptions. For insect-entering ear diseases and 20 kinds of a single-medicine prescription also, the treatments are presented in the book, but we presented the texts only and excluded them in the analysis. We also excluded overlapping prescriptions and adding and reducing prescriptions of the 55 prescriptions, and thus classified the left 42 proscriptions by dosage form. As a result: 1. With respect to medical characteristics, the medicine with warm characteristics reached 9 types(40.9%), the highest rate, followed by the medicine with cold characteristics 8 types (36.4%). 2. Concerning medical tastes, the medicine with bitter taste included 12 types (54.5%), the medicine with sour taste 10 types (45.5%), and the medicine with sweet taste 7 types (31.8%). It was unusual that of the 22 medicines used for multipurpose, no medicine with the taste was found. 3. For the acupunctural effects, the medicine with acupuncture effects for spleen medirian reached 12 types in total (54.5%). On the contrary, the medicine with the effects for pericardium meridian reached only one (4.5%) among the total of 22 medicines. 4. In the dosage form of 42 prescriptions, powder medicine was 15 types (35.7%), and decoction medicine was 14 (33.3%). Powder, dedoction, and pill medicines accounted for 90.4% of the total medicine type. It was found that in particular, for ear diseases powder medicine was used more frequently than decoction medicine.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Objectives : This study selected the food ingredients mainly appearing in the stomach-disease-related articles from Eumsunjungyo Singnyojaebyeong and Singnyochanyo, and investigated their effects to turn these data into references for modern people, use the food therapy of ancestors for modern life, and prevent and cure stomach diseases of modern people due to unhealthy lifestyle. Methods : This study selected the stomach-related food therapies from Eumsunjungyo and Singnyochanyo, and organized the therapies by chief virtue, effect, ingredient, and recipe. Also, this study analyzed and investigated characteristics, tastes, and target organs of the food ingredients in the recipes. Results : There are 8 stomach-related recipes among 61 recipes in Eumsunjungyo Singnyojaebyeong, and there are total 34 types of stomach-related recipes in Singnyochanyo including 27 types of BiwiBuBanui Five and 7 types of GutoBuHaeyeokByeonggyeonBiwi fifteen. Both Eumsunjungyo Singnyojaebyeong and Singnyochanyo contains food therapies for diseases due to week stomach. Most recipes in Singnyochanyo uses only food ingredients, whereas most recipes in Eumsunjungyo Singnyojaebyeong uses ingredients which can be used as medicine. Conclusions : The food therapies in Eumsunjungyo Singnyojaebyeong and Singnyochanyo proves that people in all regions have used food to cure diseases from old times. On the other words, people have clinically used the characteristics, tastes, and cooking forms of food ingredients for a long time. Thus, this study can be a reference for creating another food therapy.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this study was the collection of dietary treatments of atopic dermatitis Methods : We surveyed the western and oriental medical book concernig the atopic dermatitis. Results : The 20~30% of patients with atopic dermatitis have hypersensitivity reaction on the major food antigen. The food restriction to prevent allergy reaction need to take effect early during infancy and childhood. In oriental medicine, a heat-poison(熱毒) caused by food affects a fetus of pregnancy. So the food, the regimen and the harmony of the five tastes is stressed the need. When certain foods are restricted to prevent allergy reaction, infant and children with food related Atopic Dermatitis need extra dietary efforts to maintain optimal nutrition as they are in the growth period.