• Integrative Medicine Research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.452-456
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• 2017

Everything in the surrounding universe can be attributed into five elements. Human organs can be also linked to the five elements. Cells, the smallest unit of the human body, consist of cellular organelles as little organs. Here, we extended the concept of the five elements to a cellular level via the human organs, theoretically re-evaluating the overall association of cellular organelles in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular functions.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1447-1450
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• 2006

To study on the assignment of the eight trigrams (八卦) in human body being based on based the number of HADO(河圖)-NAGSEO(洛書). Being based on the number of HADO(河圖)-NAGSEO(洛書) and the BEOK-HEE's diagram of eight trigrams order(伏羲次序圖), human being organ (five-Jang organs (liver, heart, spleen, lung and kidney), five organs (ear, eye, mouth and nose), provisional namely six entera for the process on intake, digestion, excretion of food (mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus) are assigned eight trigrams (八卦). Eight trigrams(八卦) are attached to the based on the number HADO(河圖)-NAGSEO(洛書): 1-GEON(乾), 2-TAE(兌), 3-LEE(離), 4-JIN(震), 9-SON(巽), 6-GAM(坎), 7-GAN(艮), 8-GON(坤). And (八卦) are attached to the human being organs (five-Jang organs (live, heart, spleen, lung and kidney), five organs (ear, eye, mouth, nose, anus) : 1-GEON(乾)-left lung-left nose, 6-GAM(坎)-right kidney-right ear, 7-GAN(艮)-left heart-anus, 8-GON(坤)-right liver-right ear. Eight trigrams(八卦) are attached to the provisional namely six entera for the process on intake, digestion, excretion of food : the air(GEON 乾), the month(TAE 兌), the stomach(LEE 離), the small intestine(JIN 震), the large intestine(Son 巽), the rectum(GAM 坎), the anus(GAN 艮), the excrements(GON 坤). The BEOK-HEE's diagram of eight trigrams order(伏羲次序圖) means immutable order naturally. The process of the human being organs( five-Jang organs, five organs and six entera's digestion) is also unchangeable in region and program. Therefore we can set up the five-Jang organs, five organs and the process of six entera's digestion as the category of observation on the basis of BEOK-HEE's diagram of eight trigrams order(伏羲次序圖), and then we can arrange eight trigrams (八卦) on the five-Jang organs, five organs and the process of six entera's digestion.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.145-167
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• 2011

"Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣)" written by Jeon Uel(錢乙, 1032-1113) in the Song dynasty, is the most old and well know specialty publication of pediatrics in Easter Traditional Medicine. "Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣)" made a big influence not only on the development of pediatrics in later traditional medicine through the explanations of physiological and pathological knowledge and experiences, but also on application of many effective prescriptions which have been used in many clinics until now days. One of the most important meaning which "Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣)" has, is that it emphasized on the diagnosis and treatment using the theory of five organs(五臟辨證), and applied it to clinical medicine effectively. In othe words, through application of the theory of five organs in "Hwangjenargyeong(黃帝內經)" to practical field, Jeon Uel(錢乙) played role of a ring connecting with studies of herbal medicine in the school of Yeoksu(易水), and the development of the theory of five organs of the four prominent doctors(金元四大家) in the Jin(金) and Yuan(元) dynasty. In this article, also it is investigated that how the theory of interaction among five phases(五行), can be applied to treatment of pediatrics through analysis of related texts in "Soayakjeungjikgyeol(小兒藥證直訣)". This studies would be useful to understanding the history and properties of the theory of five organs.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1994

From the consideration of stages and their origins assigned to the five elements by connecting O-Shin(五神) with the five organs, centered on former documents, following were achieved. 1. From the age of civil wars, the mind has been connected to the part icular organ among the five organs : the has been considered as the main body of mind activity and the central organ which controls eve ry organ. 2. KWAN-JA(管子) and JANG-JA(莊子) wrote firstly written in connection between the mind and the whole five organs. 3. O-SHIN(五神) were materialized through the middle part and last year of Former China and after the five organs assignment of the natur e and the emotions. 4. O-SHIN(五神) orignated from HWANG-JE NAE-KYUNNG(黃帝內經) assigned as the liver soul, the heart spirit, the spleen ideas, the lung inferior spirit, and the kidney will.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.127-140
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study is to regulate the medical meaning about Kwan [self-denial] which is used by Jeongkyeok [reinforcing the weak body part] and Seungkyeok [consolidating the weak body part while inducing cathartic action of comparatively stronger body part] of Saam Acupuncture in common. Methods : This study generalized the method of understanding 'The Five Viscera Interaction' in Oriental Medicine from the perspective of literature and considering human organs in the medical context. Results and Conclusions : 1. There existed 'The Five Viscera Interaction' theory regulating the correlation between the five viscera headed by "Nankyeong" in the traditional Oriental medicine. The five viscera interaction theory was used as the standard of judging the symptom and the prognosis of a disease in the history of Oriental medicine and further used even as the method of preventing and treating diseases. 2. The treatment included in "Biyebaekyobang", a medical book in the period of Goryeo, can be rated as the most developmental form of medical theory which applied 'the five viscera interaction theory' to clinical treatment. The author of "Biyebaekyobang" managed to break away from the schematism of the five viscera interaction through the method of treating two internal organs using one organ treatment and applying the individually different relations between organs. "Biyebaekyobang" shows close similarities to Saam Acupuncture. 3. The organs handled in Saam Acupuncture has a significance in that it put forward the part which had not been aggressively dealt with in medical history up until then.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2003

"Jinaik(津液)" is essential nutritious body fluid for human to be alive, and it can be divided various kinds according to it's location, character, and function. Five Fluids -sweat, snivel(mucus), slobber(saliva), tear, spittle(saliva)- are kinds of "Jinaik(津液)", and all of them belong to kidney. They are also related with five organs, such as sweat belongs to heart, snivel(mucus) belongs to lung, slobber(saliva) belongs to spleen, tear belongs to liver, spittle(saliva) belongs to kidney. We can find out five organs' physiological and pathological conditions by means of observations on the Five Fluids. Five organs' function comes out upper seven openings -two eyes two ears, nose, mouth and tongue. The Five Fluids provide all the nutrition upper seven openings need, so they can help for human to hear, see, smell, and taste properly.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.789-798
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• 2009

In Sasang constitutional medicine, I have researched the process of visceral structure in the Eight Constitutionals under circulation of the five elements and the formation of primary source of illness. From this research, I could draw following conclusions through combination of the auxiliary psycho-formulas by applying the constitutional acupuncture therapy on the five elements diagnostic calculation. Since the arrangement for the five dimensions of organs in the eight constitutions has been formulated by circulation of the five elements in Sasang constitutions, if the five elements begin circulating count-clockwise from the reference point at the organs in Sasang constitutional medicine, the positive constitutional arrangement of organs is built up such as, the positive constitution of metal, earth, wood and water, while begin circulating clockwise, the negative constitutional arrangement of organs is formulated, such as the negative constitutions of metal, earth, wood and water. The source of illness results from imbalance of the organic force being generated by transfer of the five elements from compatibility to incompatibility when the five elements circulate. Hence, it has been acknowledged that if the source of illness comes from the strongest organ, it is the time when circulation of the five elements progresses from the second organ (the second strongest) in incompatibility, and if the source of illness comes from the weakest organ, it is the time when circulation of the five elements progresses from the third organ (the middle) in incompatibility. It is considered proper to diagnose meridians of the pericardium and the Triple Burners rather than to diagnose meridians of the heart and the small intestine which forms the visceral arrangement of the eight constitutions. For instance, the auxiliary psycho-formula obtains its prescription by attenuating the first organ (the strongest) while augmenting the fourth organ (the second weakest) when the axis of incompatibility in the five elements circulation crosses the second and the third organs, and it gets its prescription by attenuating the second organ(the second strongest) while augmenting the fifth organ(the weakest) when the axis of incompatibility in the five elements circulation crosses the third and the fourth organs. In addition, when medicating, the $4{\sim}5$ times of repeated performance can be assumed to represent the amount of an energy that each organ bears depending on the phase in the arrangement of the eight constitutional organs.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.27-44
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• 2010

In order to setup the diet guideline of five grains, five meats, five fruits, and five vegetables for the diseases of five organs, I reviewed the their tastes by comparing "Naekyeong" with "Euhakibmun", "Dongeuibogam". 'Ma(麻)' in "Naekyeong" means not a hemp, a ramie or a jute, but a sesame(胡麻;참깨). 'Maik(麥)' in it means both a barley(大麥;보리) and a wheat(小麥;밀). 'Guak(藿)' in it means bean leaves(콩잎), leaves of a red-bean(팥잎) or brown seaweed(海藻;미역). 'Gyu(葵)' in "Euhakibmun Jangbujobun(臟腑條分)" is a miswritten word for 'Welsh onion' caused by similarity of shape of word. Food of a salty taste according to five elemental arrangement in "Naekyeong" is really salty according to "Euhakibmun" and "Dongeuibogam". But a barley(大麥) and a wheat(小麥) of sour taste are bitter, a chicken of sour taste or hot taste is sweet, nonglutinous millet of sour taste is sweet, an apricot of bitter taste is hot, a sesame seed of sweet taste is sour, a nonglutinous rice of hot taste is sweet, and a horsemeat of hot taste is bitter according to them. There are two ways to recommend the food for diseases of five organs. One way is to promote or control the Qi(氣) of five organs according to "Somun(素問)" and "Euhakibmun Jangbujobun", the other way is to build up the Yin(陰血) of five organs according to "Yungchu(靈樞) five tastes(五味)". The two different ways are not contradictory to each other, but complement on the view point of their substances(體) or actions(用).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.49-67
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• 2014

Subject : The Association between Extraordinary Organs(奇恒之腑) and Eight Extra Meridians(奇經 八脈). Objectives : This study research some special aspects of Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians which differentiated from ordinary Organs and Meridians, and the association between Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians. Methods : First, researched classification standard and physiological characteristics of Extraordinary Organs through studying various chapters of HuangdiNeijing. Second, researched The Association between Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians through studying on the origin of Eight Extra Meridians in HuangdiNeijing. Third, from accompanying researching the subject of Cheon-gye(天癸) and human body shape, draw synthetic hypothesis on the relationship among ordinary Meridians and Organs, muscles and skins of body shape, Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians. Results & Conclusions : The following conclusions could be drawn. 1. Extraordinary Organs afford background for shaping human body. This is same as the properties of the earth which afford background for shaping all creations. The physiological characteristics of Extraordinary Organs is intermediation and regulation between Ki(氣) of Five Viscera & six Bowels and shape of muscles & skins in human body. 2. The origin of Eight Extra Meridians could be found in HuangdiNeijing. The collateral Meridians of the Uterus and Epiglottis Meridian are specifically formulated to supplying for the Uterus or Epiglottis. From this we can draw The Association between Extraordinary Organs and Eight Extra Meridians, that is Eight Extra Meridians are specifically formulated to supplying for Extraordinary Organs. 3. The Cheon-gye(天癸) is doing significant function in Eight Extra Meridians supplying for Extraordinary Organs. Cheon-gye concerned to growth, secondary sexual characters, generative function, aging process. Theses are all concerned with the changing of human body shape. Cheon-gye urge to change the body shape with following the human life cycle. 4. Human body has vertical symmetry because preserve its shape from the gravitational force. Eight Extra Meridians place at the middle or flank axis of human body, thus do physiological function that assistant human body have vertical symmetry shape. The purpose of shaping vertical symmetry is securing space what the inner Twelve Regular Meridians and Five Viscera & six Bowels create there own physical changes. On the other hand the inner changes need deviation between left and right because of mobility and circulation of force. But human body change the shape in the process of growth, reproduction, aging. Eight Extra Meridians play role at time of these processing, thus they deeply concerned to human's life cycle and reproduction. 5. Eight Extra Meridians and Extraordinary Organs were named 'Extra' because of some special aspects which differentiated from ordinary Meridians and Organs. All they play role to have vertical symmetry shape of human body and maintain the shape, thus they deeply concerned to the change of human life cycle. These shaping maintaining and the change of human life cycle are very special aspects of human body. So they needed to differently cognize separate to the ordinary changes of Five Viscera & six Bowels and Twelve Meridians at inner space.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Objective & Method : By investigating physiological function of tri-energizer, symptoms, and organ coordination, we obtained following conclusion. Tri-energizer is the membrane structure that surrounds the five visceral organs and six hollow organs, and filled with fluid. Tri-energizer acts as the passage for the flow of qi energy. Result & Conclusion : Therefore, dysfunction of the tri-energizer is caused by abnormal evaporation and metabolism. Upper-energizer regulates cardiopulmonary function, middle-energizer regulates spleen and stomach functions, and lower-energizer regulates liver, kidneys, small and large intestines, and bladder functions. Such a functional specialization is possible by receiving the source of qi through the wall wrapping around the internal organs. Tri-energizer represents the exterior and interior relationship by acting as the membrane structure supporting the five visceral organs and six hollow organs and at the same time, as the pericardium surrounding the heart.