• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.34 no.9
• /
• pp.1470-1478
• /
• 2010

This study investigates the suitability of outdoor wear among female trekkers in their twenties or thirties and provides data for developing outdoor wear more suitable for young females. Recently climbing has gained popularity as a leisure activity to enjoy the beauty of nature that increases physical and mental stamina. A survey was conducted on 304 female consumers in their twenties and thirties who enjoyed climbing in order to investigate the suitability of outdoor wear among young female consumers. The questionnaire covered the subjects' demographic information, duration and goal of climbing, purchase and suitability of outdoor wear, and preferred design for outdoor wear. As for the yearly situations, when they utilized outdoor wear, the biggest number of respondents chose "autumn" as the season for climbing. Most of the respondents were non-professional trekkers who enjoyed climbing as a hobby or for health. As for the size, the upper garment was 90 and 85 in the order, and the lower garment was 70 and 67 in the order. The pants were the most common item they owned, followed by round T-shirts, windbreaker jackets, zipup T-shirts, and waterproof jackets. They mentioned moisture absorption and dry fabric breathability as the basic functions required of outdoor wear. The subjects displayed a preference for partial details under the design category. They most preferred the hood-type jacket with a detachable stand collar, the sleeve hem with a partial rubber band and velcro strap, a T-shirt with a stand color and zipper, the waist fit with proper room, pants with a partial rubber band waist, and straight silhouette pants.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.134-146
• /
• 1997

Consumers have recently preferred to purchase extensive UV intercepting products, which are waterproof and free from side effects on skin. Testing Cytoroxicity in SR method, cell survivial ratio of UV-B interceptors decreased above 0.08W/V%, and so did that of UV-A interceptors above 0.06W/V%. Also, Patch-test of inorganic UV interceptors resulted in no skin irritation even below 10.0 and 11.25. UV interceptors in the sunlight showed yellowish discoloration in 5 to 14 days. In absorption curves, UV-B was most suitable for Octyl methoxycinnamate and UV-A for Butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethane. Fro this reason, Nylonpoly UVA/UVB the material of OMC and BMDM coated with Nylon & polyethylene, was used as the organic UV interceptor. And zinc oxide and titanium dioxide was used as inorganic UV ibterceptors. The appropriate mixture ratio of ZnO and TiO2 was 6 to 4.6% of ZnO, 4% of TiO2 and 5% of Nylonpoly UVA/UVB were all combined with our sunscreen cream. The SPF value of in-vivo applied to a guinea pig was 34.9 and that of in-vivo was 38.5. Cyclomerhicone and dimerthicone were used in water-in-Silicone system. Ceryl diverhicone and sorbitan sesquioleate were used as emulsifiers and MgSO4, 7H2O, Mg-stearate/Mg-Al-stearate copolymer as emulsification stabilizers. In practical application, each SPF duration of O/W type and W/S type containing sunscreen cream of the same content showed that W/S type of sunscreen cream was 5 times as durable as the other. This product is fit for using in swimming, climbing or skiing. This research is to minimize skin trouble used by UV interceptors and to make one with proper softness, skin safety and UV intercepting efficiency.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.429-438
• /
• 2020

Objectives: Given that Argentinian public-sector workers are highly exposed to stressful conditions, and that the psychometric properties of the widely used Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) should be evaluated in different settings, this work aimed to compare the psychometric properties of the Latin American Spanish PSS-10 and PSS-4 and to identify the optimal scale for stress assessment. Methods: A sample of 535 participants was randomly divided into 2 groups to evaluate dimensionality by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The reliability of both scales was also evaluated. Convergent validity was estimated using the Executive Complaints Questionnaire, the average variance extracted, and the composite reliability. Discriminant validity was based on the correlation with the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the phi-square correlation between the components. Results: The factor analyses supported bidimensionality of the PSS-10 (stress and coping), which showed a better fit than the PSS-4. Moreover, the reliability of the PSS-10 was higher, whereas the PSS-4 did not achieve adequate values of internal consistency. The PSS-10 was also correlated significantly with all validation scales, and presented proper internal convergent and divergent validity. Conclusions: The PSS-10 is a reliable and structurally valid instrument to measure perceived stress and coping in a Latin American Spanish-speaking population with high work demands, and the findings of this study expand our knowledge on the geographical and sociocultural applicability of the PSS.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.139-152
• /
• 2019

This study aims to find out the influence of brand awareness and preference of collaboration products created by SPA and luxury brands using specific examples of collaborations, which are now becoming prevelent in the fashion industry. For this study, data collection was carried out through a distribution of 350 copies of the questionnaire, 333 responses were used for data analysis. Using a statistical package program with SPSS, a frequency analysis, a factor analysis, and a multiple regression analysis were conducted. The results of this study are summarized as follows. Awareness and preferences of the SPA and luxury brands lead collaboration products to be preferred. In addition, consumers happen to have more favorable attitudes regarding the purchase of collaboration products. This means that matching brands with high preference is a very important factor to create profits from the collaboration products as awareness and the preference are important factors for the success of projects. In particular, the recognition and preference of luxury brands was found to have greater impact on the preference and recognition of collaboration the SPA brands. Accordingly, brands should expand and actively collaborate through a variety of methods and support proper collaborations that fit their image.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2020.12a
• /
• pp.463-481
• /
• 2020

Cutter suction dredgers (CSDs) are widely used in various dredging constructions such as channel excavation, wharf construction, and reef construction. During a CSD construction, the main operation is to control the swing speed of cutter to keep the slurry concentration in a proper range. However, the slurry concentration cannot be monitored in real-time, i.e., there is a "time-lag effect" in the log of slurry concentration, making it difficult for operators to make the optimal decision on controlling. Concerning this issue, a solution scheme that using real-time monitored indicators to predict current slurry concentration is proposed in this research. The characteristics of the CSD monitoring data are first studied, and a set of preprocessing methods are presented. Then we put forward the concept of "index class" to select the important indices. Finally, an ensemble learning algorithm is set up to fit the relationship between the slurry concentration and the indices of the index classes. In the experiment, log data over seven days of a practical dredging construction is collected. For comparison, the Deep Neural Network (DNN), Long Short Time Memory (LSTM), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting Decision Tree (GBDT), and the Bayesian Ridge algorithm are tried. The results show that our method has the best performance with an R² of 0.886 and a mean square error (MSE) of 5.538. This research provides an effective way for real-time predicting the slurry concentration of CSDs and can help to improve the stationarity and production efficiency of dredging construction.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.41-54
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to research on status of physical discomfort and clothing life including clothing inconvenience for enhancing self-reliance of elderly women, newly emerging consumer. The subject of research were 346 elderly women who aged 60 or older in Seoul and Seoul Suburbs. Survey consisted of questions about body discomfort, satisfaction and purchasing criteria of ready-to-wear, the inconvenience of clothing. The results of this study are as follows: Physical discomforts were generally associated with the ability to regulate body temperature. The biggest complaint of ready-to-wear was the price, and the next were the size and activity. In purchasing criteria, 'clothes to fit my body shape', 'clothes easy to put on and take off', 'comfortable clothes to work' showed high score. In clothing inconvenience, 'feel inconvenience due to several layers of clothing to avoid chilliness', 'feel heaviness in the waist due to tightness', 'feel chilliness even when wearing several layers of clothing in the winter' were the most uncomfortable parts. Subjects over the age of 80 years and needed the help of others in activities experienced more inconvenience in clothing life. It seems that body discomfort such as dulness of movement and loss of body temperature regulation capability due to aging had a influence on their clothing life. This problem could be improved by the adjustment of pattern allowance, the selection of the fastener, and the proper use of functional fabric. The results of this study will be used as a basis for development of the elderly women's clothing to increase convenience and mobility in everyday life.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.785-790
• /
• 2014

This study was performed to investigate purchasing practice and size satisfaction in order to establish marketing strategy and produce free-size clothes for the male and female in their 20s. Results were as follows; first, regarding the size selection method, it has been found that 71.5% of subjects answered that they buy clothes as a sales clerk chooses for them without knowing the old size name or notation. Second, 47.5% of subjects answered that free size is the size, which fits well to 55~66 size. Meanwhile, 36.1% answered that free size fits well to any body type; while 4% answered that free size fits well to 77 size. Third, regarding the clothes kind, which consumers buy most as free size, consumers buy shirts and sportswear by free size. Fourth, they were observed to purchase free-size clothes "free-size clothes what I want" and to not purchase clothes "due to the lack of right sizes." The size notation of clothes products is basic information, by which consumers can tell whether the clothes fit to self or not before the consumer would wear the clothes and confirm its fitness. Therefore, it is suggested that all clothes products would be manufactured by having KS clothes size as basic data and they would use standard size notation so that consumers would not have confusion. Standardized size notation by proper education and utilization on new KS notation method and attitude change of companies and consumers on size are suggested.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.84-94
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify problems and solving strategies on student evaluation of clinical nursing education. Subjects were 239 nurses in 18 hospitals from February to July, 1999. Content analysis using qualitative research method was used to analyze data taking into account the semi-structured questionnaire. The results of this study were as follows: Four categories about problems and solving strategies on the evaluation of clinical nursing education were identified: 'The environment of the clinical nursing education'; 'contents and items of evaluation tool'; 'criteria of evaluation tool'; and 'problems with evaluators in clinical settings'. The problems of the environment of the clinical nursing education were due to the lack of co-ordination between nursing schools and hospitals. In order to solve these problems, the following strategies were suggested: 'initiate a joint meeting between nursing schools and hospitals'; 'do not change the clinical settings frequently'; 'evaluate students after being familiar with them'; and 'evaluate them immediately after clinical practice was ended'. In the problems of contents and items of the evaluation tool, the contents of the tool were very abstract and general. The strategies for treating these problems were to evaluate student using the concrete evaluation items'; refrain from evaluation of nursing knowledge', develop the evaluation tools that are fit for a specific clinical setting'; develop the evaluation tools in line with students' knowledge level; and 'carry out evaluation using the proper contents of tool. The problems of criteria of the evaluation tools were the results of the lack of the clear criteria. The strategies for treating these problems were 'develop the criteria of the evaluation tool'; simplify the range of the cores or evaluate students using check-list'; to evaluate students in objective manner'. The problem of evaluators in clinical settings was due to the failure by evaluators who were not prepared for the task. The strategies were 'to educate and prepare the evaluators before evaluation'.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.343-352
• /
• 2018

The objective of this study is to investigate the market of fitness compression wear as well as to design an optimal fitness compression wear by analyzing the muscle and movement characteristics of the elderly women in Korea. In this regard, research for functional garments is needed to increase muscle activity of elderly people during physical exercise. Firstly, we investigated the brand, design, size, material, and pattern of fitness wear based on the market survey. Secondly, we identified preference, evaluation items, evaluation method, and pattern design method based on the literature review. Finally, in addition, the motion type, range, angle to improve the muscle strength of the elderly were investigated and the maximum muscle strengths of each motion were analyzed by using 2007 Size Korea data (n = 386). It is also designed for muscle fatigue through exercise and rapid fatigue recovery after exercise. The evaluation methods for fitness compression wear were classified as motor functionality, physiological comfort, pattern and material suitability evaluations. The muscle strength at leg (pushing force) and waist (lifting force) of the ages of 60 to 69 years old showed 239.3 N and 274.5 N, respectively, which were the lowest forces compared to younger age groups. By applying these results to the design process of fitness wear, it is anticipated that the fitness wear will have a proper fit to the body shape of elderly people in South Korea as well as it can increase muscle efficiency to promote physical capability and healthy life for senior people.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.9-23
• /
• 1987

Nursing service, as the largest user of labor resources, has become concerned about appropriate allocation of staffing resources. Therefore, this project was designed to measure quantitatively the direct nursing care provided to patients and to develop a new patient classification system based on the direct nursing care activities. The initial step in the development of the classification instrument was to identify the content of direct nursing activities. The frequency with which these activities were carried out, the total time spent in carrying them out and the average time for one performance of each of the nursing activities was calculated. The next step was to select the items for the classification instrument taking into account these direct nursing activities. A list of 40 items was prepared. These items were then classified into 8 major categories: personal hygiene, moving ＆ exercise, nutrition & elimination, observation, medication, treatment, collecting specimens and other care activities for severity ill patients. Each item was assigned a value unit based on the average time required by the nursing staff to complete the specific item. The third step was to determine the practicality of the items and value units, so an attempt was made to establish content validity for these items and units by obtaing a consensus from 8 head nurses, representing eight different departments. The 4th step was to conducted a pilot study to establish the score range for the classification boundaries. For this purpose an instrument was designed using the list of items and value units and a prepared classification criteria as a guideline to validate the patient classification. A judgment group consisting of 52 supervisory nurses and head nurses were asked to select the proper patient to fit each classification criteria and to fill out the instrument for each patient. The total value unit and the frequency for each classification group was calculated. According to the frequency distribution, the score range for the classification group was determined as follows : 0~15 for groupI, 16~30 for group II, 31~50 for group III, and above 51 for group IV. Finally a patient classification form was developed.