• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in preference and property of native local foods among students living in Busan. It concentrated on the students who were majored in food service in five universities in Busan. From September 1st to 30th, 2007, 300 copies of questionnaire were distributed and 260 returned were included in the statistics. The statistics was conducted by frequency analysis, T-test(average deviation verification), technical analysis and one way ANOVA for an accurate result of the study. As a result, it was found that Gayamilmyeon(M=4.42) showed the most preference for 25 native local foods of Busan(sansungmakgeoli, dongraepajeon, steamed carp, catfish soup, corbicula soup, roasted eel, gijang raw hairtail, dongrae mugwort cake, sansung roasted goat, gijangkkomjangeo, steamed frogfish, duck dish, guponoodles, gayamilmyeon, sliced raw fish, molsim hot-pepper fish stew, hairtail stew, anchovy stew, miyeoksulchi, gompi salted dish, salted raw anchovy dish, roasted kkomjaneo, salted sliced persimmon dish, salted bean leave dish, kkasiri soup). On the other hand, it was found that Miyeoksulchi(M=2.66) showed the least preference among them. As a result of the analysis of the difference in demographic characteristics and property of native local foods, it was presented that there was no difference in the statistical analysis by sex but significant difference in taste, quantity, service, price, freshness, sanitation, packing condition and originality, etc by age, department, academic year, type of residence, family member, living period in Busan and monthly spending. It was considered to conduct a more in-depth study to promote native local foods and interest in the food of Busan in university students.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to find out the influence of Entrance Examinees' Eating Behavior on their health condition. The examinees for Chungbuk National university in 1992 were asked to fill out the questionnaire(The total number was 1054 ; 537 males, 517 females). The statistics used for data analysis were frequency, percentage, Crosstabs, Chi-square, t-test, one-way Anova, and Multiple Regression using SPSS/PC+ Program. The results are as follows. 1. Health condition due to an eating attitude: 1) As to health condition due to the food intake freguency, those who intaked fish or meat 3-5 days a week had the best heal th condition, but those who hardly intaked fish and meat or intaked them almost everyday had rather poor health condition. Those who intaked fried foods 1-2 days a week had the best health condition. The higher the freguency intaking such food or instant food was, the worse health condition was. 2) In view of health condition according to an eating attitude, it led to very good health condition to have breakfast & supper, to eat regularly, to select the nutritious foods, and to have a balanced diet. Overeating before sleeping and no meal or overeating before exam made their health very bad. Alcohol drinking & cigarrette smoking as favorite foods appeared significantly high in the boys. The more frequently they drinked alcohol and smoked cigarrette the worse their health condition was. Those who enjoyed milk, soya milk, and korean tea as favorite beverages had the better health condition than those who enjoyed coffee and soft drinks. 2. Influence of Eating Behavior on Health Condition. 1) The food intake freguency and the eating attitude influenced each other. The higher the score of food intake frequency was, the better the eating attitude appeared. 2) As a result of this study for eating behavior influencing on their health condition, the eating attitude influenced health condition, and the higher the eating attitude score was, the better heal th condition could be.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.98-109
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• 1993

By the Article 28 of the Korean Fishing Vessels Act and the Article 47-1 of the Enforcement Ordinance of the Act, fishing vessels over 5 gross tone must be insured the fishing vessels mutual insurance or marine insurance. Therefore the distant-water fishing vessels and vessels registered with Classification Society can be insured to the marine insurance, and non-registered vessels and the small fishing vessels can be insured to the fishing vessels mutual insurance of Fisheries Co-operatives. Moreover, the shipowners of fishing vessels over 5 gross tons to be insured a liability insurance for their crew, and it is to compensate effectively the crewman's accidents prescribed in the Seaman's Act. The shipowner's Liability Insurance to be insured the seaman's Compensation Insurance or the seaman's mutual insurance of the Fisheries Co-operatives and the Protection and Indemnity but they still involve lots of problems to cover the crewman's accidents reasonably. The author's views on the improvement way of the fisheries mutual insurance system are as follows. 1. The size of fishing vessels over 5 gross tons prescribed by the Article 28 of the Fishing Vessels Act must be revised into over 1 gross tons. And the regulations concerning penalties against nonfulfilment of the regulation must be strengthened in order to have legal effectiveness. 2. The level of the government subsidy for the fisheries mutual insurance must be raised up from the large point of view for protection of fishermen. It is concluded that the Government have to take charge of the remutual insurance in order to develop the fisheries mutual insurance system. 3. The mutual insurance system of fish catch have to be executed in order to guarantee the stable income for fishermen on the base of the amount of money by fish catch in the previous year.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2004

This study investigates the influence of waterborne ammonia and nitrite on the zoea and megalopa stage larvae of tiger crab, Orithyia sinica under laboratory condition, focusing on the effects on survival and growth as deleterious responses of toxicant. Survival rate of zoea stage larvae exposed to control levels, and to 5, 10, 20 and 50 mg/L total ammonia-N, using a continuous flow system for 20 days was 80, 77, 45, 40 and 37%, respectively. Growth rate of zoea stage larvae exposed to 20 and 50 mg/L total ammonia was significantly lower than in controls after 20 days (P< 0.05). Survival rate and growth rate of megalopa stage larvae exposed to ammonia also decreased at greater than 10 and 50 mg/L, respectively. In the nitrite exposure experiment with zoea and megalopa stage larvae of tiger crab, survival rate was decreased in a concentration and exposure period-dependent way. The growth rate of zoea and megalopa stage larvae of tiger crab exposed to nitrite decreased at greater than 150 mg/L nitrite concentration.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-23
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• 1999

The immunomodulatory effects of levamisole (LMS) were evaluated in leucocytes of eels in vitro. Proliferation of lymhocytes treated with T-cell mitogen (Con A or PHA) was markedly inhibited by LMS in a dose dependent manner. B cell mitogen (LPS), in contrast, slightly increased the proliferaion. On the other hand, production of MIF and MAF when treated with Con A was increased in a dose-dependent way. NK cell activities were somewhat increased when LMS was pretreated and this augmentation was due to an increase in binding capacity of effector-target cell, but not due to the target cell lytic activity of effector cells. Phagocytic activity, superoxide anion formation, hydrogen peroxide formation and lysozyme activity of leucocytes were enhanced by LMS in a dose related-manner. These results suggest that LMS might modulate the immmune responses by activation of cytokine production and by augmentation of leukocyte activity but not by increment of immunocompetent cell numbers.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2021

Quantitative analysis of myxosporean parasites (Enteromyxum leei and Parvicapsula anisocaudata) were performed using real-time PCR on the internal organs (head kidney, body kidney, intestine, spleen, brain, liver, heart, muscle, blood, and eye) of emaciated Paralichthys olivaceus from farm-A. The highest DNA copy number of E. leei was shown in the intestine (1.3 × 10⁸ copies/mg tissue) of emaciatied P. olivaceus and DNA copy number in the other internal organs (1.3 × 10³~4.6 × 10⁵ copies/mg tissue) showed lower than in intestine. From the result of real-time PCR for P. anisocaudata, it was considered mildly infected, due to the low DNA copy numbers of the head kidney (1.3 × 10³ copies/mg tissue) and body kidney (9.1 × 10³ copies/mg tissue). In order to investigate whether myxosporean parasites can be detected in a non-invasive way, quantitative analysis of E. leei and P. anisocaudata from rearing water of three farms were performed by real-time PCR. The DNA copy number of E. leei from rearing water of farm-A and farm-B were 8 × 10⁴ and 5 × 10⁵ copies/L, respectively. However, it was not detected in farm-C. For P. anisocaudata from rearing water, farm-A, farm-B and farm-C showed 0, 2.0 × 10⁶ and 5.1 × 10⁶ copies/L, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.1052-1057
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• 2021

The diet composition of common flying squid Todarodes pacificus was studied using 1,084 specimens collected through trawl and jigging from June 2018 to June 2020 in the East Sea of Korea. The mantle length (ML) of the collected individuals ranged from 13.6 to 31.1 cm. Todarodes pacificus is a carnivore. In the study area, T. pacificus was observed feeding mainly on fish and cephalopods, in addition to small quantities of crustaceans. The calculated trophic level value for T. pacificus was 4.10. Small individuals (ML, <18.0 cm) mainly fed on cephalopods, while intermediate (ML, 18.0-23.0 cm) and large (ML, ≥23.0 cm) individuals fed mainly on fish and occasionally on cephalopods. Overall, as the body size of T. pacificus increased, the mean weight of the consumed prey increased (one-way ANOVA, P<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.428-455
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• 2010

Radish kimchi is a typical side-dish in Korean traditional food and is a way of keeping vegetables for a extended period using fermentation. This study examined the classification, usage, eating history, variety, and recipes of Korean radish kimchi through ancient and modern era literature. The Korean radish kimchi were categorized into six groups: kkakttugi, seokbakji (or nabakkimchi), dongchimi, jjanji, jangachi, and jangkwa. According to the record, the eating history of radish kimchi comes from before the age of the Three Kingdom period. Radish was preserved in salt, vinegar, soybean paste or lees of fermented liquor in the early times. This pickled radish was not supposed to be watery. Radish kimchi was divided into watery kimchi (dongchimi) during the period of United Silla and the Koryo Dynasty. Kimchi was mixed with Chinese cabbage to make seokbakji or nabakkimchi. Up to the early Chosun Dynasty, the key ingredient of kimchi was radish. After the middle of the Chosun Dynasty, kimchi was mixed with red pepper powder, salted fish, soybean sauce, and various ingredients. There were many kinds of radish kimchi during the late Chosun Dynasty. In the 11 Korean recipe books published within the past 100 years, there are nine kinds of kkakttugi, three kinds of seokbakji, four kinds of dongchimi, three kinds of jjanji, nine kinds of jangachi, and five kinds of jangkwa. Kkakttugi (cubed, sliced or julienne radish) was pickled with salt, red pepper powder, garlic, green onion, oyster, sugar, salted fish, and more. Seokbakji and nabakkimchi were not as salty, so they could not be preserved as long. Dongchimi (watery radish kimchi without red pepper powder) was made of radish, water, salt, 18 side ingredients, 13 condiments, and seven garnishes. Jjanji was pickled to be very salty and was eaten during summer. Jangachi can be used as a regular side dish and is made of radish or dried radish slices pickled or seasoned with salt, soy sauce, vinegar, soybean paste, lees of fermented liquor, and spices. Jangkwa is used as a stir-fry method and has been segregated from jangachi relatively recently.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2015

To assess the noise stress of shrimp farms reasonably, we need a noise observation data underneath the waters first. But, it did not collect yet and airborne noise transfers to water noise wave using transition calculation. In case of construction of solar energy without noise stress protection wall, the threshold values (140 dB) from circumstance of underwater noise exceed within 17m at $S_2$ (15m away from source) and $S_3$ (15m away from source). Considering additional way to decrease the construction noise, all cases including minimum mode(Case A), general mode(Case B), and maximum mode(Case C) meet the guideline of underwater noise for fish farms. In case of the underwater noise could affect the fish farm, it is necessary to understand about farming species such as shrimp, monitoring of present states, and protection way under the construction.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 1969

Ten experimental tuna long line fishing operations were performed with the long lines A and B, in combination casting orders of BA and AB. The long line B differs from A in its additional main line length per basket and its greater depth of submersion (Table 1). The BA casting order results in an AB hauling order, so that the long line B is casted at an earlier time of a day and fishes for a longer period than A line (fig. 2). The number of fish caught was divided into subclasses in order to be subjected to $x^2-tests$ (Table 2). The first series of $x^2-tests$ were calculated using the hooking rates of two subclasses with other factors pooled (Table 3). The second series of $x^2-tests$ were calculated to obtain the interactions between two subclasses when other factors differed (Table 4). Attention was paid to the extremely small interactions as well as to the large interactions in order to find out whether a factor functions in the same way or in a contradictory way when the other factors involved differ. The test result is summarized in Table 5. The relationship between the hook casting time (relative to the sunrise time) and the hooking rates reveals the feeding behavior of particular species (fig. 3) A high hooking rate for yellowfin tuna shown in the period from one hour before sunrise to the moment of sunrise suggests that they feed actively in that period. Their poor hooking rate on earlier casted hooks suggests that they do not feed well under conditions of darkness and that they feed best while the hooks are sinking. Furthermore it is likely that yellowfin tuna maintain a shallow depth in the daytime, for the $x^2$ interaction between the line casting order BA and AB shows their persistant preferance of the long line A regardless of line casting order. Bigeye tuna show their feeding behavior under conditions of darkness, and show a preference for the sea's deeper layer. Alepisaurus borealis (Gill) show their feeding behavior under conditions of darkness more significantly than the bigeye tuna and their preferance for deep layers is also more significant. Marlins (mainly Makaria mazara) show a feeding behavior which is similar to the yellowfin tuna. The author emphasizes that certain variations of the hooking rates in relation to the line easting time were caused by an inadequate fishing depth as well as by the fish preference for a particular feeding time. When the part of the line casted in pre-dawn hours and hauled in the pre-sunset hours show a significantly lower hooking rate than other parts of the line, then it is concluded that tile hooks settled in a sea layer too deep for feeding.