• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2013

The movement patterns of fish aggregations swimming freely near artificial reefs on August 24, 2006, at Suyeong Man, Busan, Korea, were acoustically investigated and analyzed. Acoustic surveys were conducted using a 70kHz split-beam echo sounder, 330 kHz side-scan sonar and a 310 kHz imaging sonar. Algorithms for tracking the movement of fish aggregations swimming in response to artificial reefs were developed. The travel direction and the swimming speed for two aggregations of fish were estimated from the trajectory orientations of echo responses recorded by the imaging sonar.The first group was floating just above the reef structure, while remaining in the midwater column, and the second group was swimming through and around artificial reefs near the seabed. The mean swimming speed was estimated to be 0.40 m/s for the midwater fish aggregation and 0.17 m/s for the bottom aggregation close to artificial reefs. These results suggest that the swimming behavior of fish aggregations passing close to artificial reefs near the seabed displayed a slower moving pattern than fish floating just above the reef structure in the midwater column.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1999

A series of experiments were conducted to examine on what stimulus giant danio (Danio malabaricus) were mainly responsible for detecting alarm substance. When 0.15 ml alarm substance (10 ppm) was introduced into the tank, fish showed no notable change in swimming pattern. However, the introduction of 1.5 ml alarm substance (100 ppm) could induce fright reaction about in 6 minutes. Further, when 15 ml alarm substance (1,000 ppm) was introduced into the tank, fish showed the following fright reaction in a few seconds; suppressing to feed diet, no swimming, strong chasing, and visual alertness. In detecting alarm substance, fish were mainly depending on the chemical stimulus (nares) rather than the vision stimulus (eyes) because fish detected alarm substance by the chemical cue showed the significantly stronger fright reaction than by the visual cue. The time for fish to show the initial fright reaction after detecting alarm substance by the chemical cue was shorter than by the visual cue. Also after alarm substance was introduced into the tank, olfaction-deprived fish showed significantly weaker fright reaction and less frequency of chasing than the normal fish which detected alarm substance by both olfaction and gustation stimulus. These results indicated that chemical stimulus, especially olfaction might be the primary sensory modality used in the detection of the alarm substance for giant danio.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.559-571
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• 2022

Galectins, a family of ß-galactoside-binding lectins, have emerged as soluble mediators in infected cells and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) responsible for evoking and regulating innate immunity. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of galectin-1 in the host immune response of redlip mullet (Liza haematocheilia). We established a cDNA database for redlip mullet, and the cDNA sequence of galectin-1 (LhGal-1) was characterized. In silico analysis was performed, and the spatial and temporal expression patterns in gills and blood in response to lipopolysaccharide polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, and Lactococcus garvieae were estimated via quantitative real-time PCR. Functional assays were conducted using recombinant protein to investigate carbohydrate binding, bacterial binding, and bacterial agglutination activity. LhGal-1 was composed of 135 amino acids. Conserved motifs (H-NPR, -N- and -W-E-R) within the carbohydrate recognition domain were found in LhGal-1. The tissue distribution revealed that the healthy stomach expressed high levels of LhGal-1. The temporal monitoring of LhGal-1 mRNA expression in the gill and blood showed its significant upregulation in response to immune challenges with different stimulants. rLhGal-1 exhibited binding activity in response to carbohydrates and bacteria. Moreover, the agglutination of rLhGal-1 against Escherichia coli was observed. Collectively, our findings suggest that LhGal-1 may function as a PRR in redlip mullet. Furthermore, LhGal-1 can be considered a significant gene to play a protective role in redlip mullet immune system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4713-4717
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• 2012

Objectives: This systematic review of cohort studies aimed to identify any association between specific dietary patterns and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Dietary patterns involve complex interactions of food and nutrients summarizing the total diet or key aspects of the diet for a population under study. Methods and materials: This review involves 6 cohort studies of dietary patterns and their association with colorectal cancer. An exploratory or a posteriori approach and a hypothesis-oriented or a priori approach were employed to identify dietary patterns. Results: The dietary pattern identified to be protective against CRC was healthy, prudent, fruits and vegetables, fat reduced/diet foods, vegetables/fish/poultry, fruit/wholegrain/dairy, healthy eating index 2005, alternate healthy eating index, Mediterranean score and recommended food score. An elevated risk of CRC was associated with Western diet, pork processed meat, potatoes, traditional meat eating, and refined grain pattern. Conclusion: The Western dietary pattern which mainly consists of red and processed meat and refined grains is associated with an elevated risk of development of CRC. Protective factors against CRC include a healthy or prudent diet, consisting of vegetables, fruits, fish and poultry.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2003

Androgen plays an important role in the regulation of gonadotropin production in vertebrates . We have investigated the transcriptional pattern of androgen receptor (AR) in a variety of tissues in maturing male and female goldfish by RT-PCR. Specific primer for AR was designed based on goldfish AR gene from the GenBank (accession number AY090897). AR was shown 10 be maturity- and tissue-dependent gene expression pattern in goldfish. In immature male goldfish, significantly higher transcript level of AR was observed in the pituitary und testis , compared [0 brain and liver. Mature male goldfish showed a similar expression pattern to immature male goldfish. Interestingly. when compare to male goldfish, female goldfish showed AR mRNA expression that was found 10 be weak in pituitary, and very low expression in brain. They could not be found 10 have expression in any other tissues. Taken together. the- transcriptional analysis of AR depending on the tissue, sex. and maturity of a goldfish provides the opportunity for the study of goldfish reproductive physiology ,The results provided for the first time a comparison of the tissue distribution of AR mRNA in sexually maturating male and female goldfish.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.157-162
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• 2007

The goal of researching a proper crowd animation is to design system that is satisfied with the reality of scenes, performance of system, and interaction with users to show the crowd vividly and effectively in virtual underwater world. In this paper, we smartly expressed the behavior patterns for flocks of fish in virtual underwater and we made up for the weak points in spending time and cost to produce crowd animation. We compared with the number of mesh, the number of fish, the number of frame, elapsed time, and resolution and analyzes them with the fish behavior simulating system. We developed a virtual underwater simulator using this system.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2021

Data for fish species composition and the catch of fish species were obtained from the daily trading records for the period between April and December 2016 to 2018 at the set net fishing grounds in Yeosu Bay, Korea. The annual mean total catch was 195.8 tons, and the dominant species was the Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius), which accounts for about 55 percent of the total catch. The catch increased in spring and autumn. Increase in spring is caused by not Spanish mackerel but other fish while the increase in autumn by Spanish mackerel. The distinct increase of the catch in summer, 2017 was due to the new recruitment of small-sized Spanish mackerel, which was probably to be from the fish population hatched in spring in the East China Sea. Our results showed a strong correlation between water temperature and catch fluctuation. The catch increases with the increase in water temperatures, and the periodic pattern of the water temperature and catch fluctuation is more consistent in the offshore waters, in which warm current flows, than in the coast waters.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.455-460
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• 1991

서로 비슷한 어종으로 약간의 저차 가공시에도 육안적 규별이 어려운 12개 어종의 등전점 전기영동 결과는 다음과 같다. 3종의 갑각류에서 대하와 중하는 밀새우와 다른 단백질 pattern이 pH 4.5 이하에서와 pH 5~7.5에서 서로 구별이 가능하였으며, pH 범위를 변경했을때, 중하와 대하 사이의 구별은 pH 5 부근에 있는 단백질띠로 나타났지만 크기나 형태적으로 거의 같은 대하의 치어에 대한 조사가 필요한 것으로 생각되었다. 민어속 어류에서도 참조기와 항강달이는 비슷한 등전점을 가지는 단백질의 분포가 pH 5~8 사이로 나타났다. 이 분포대에서 돌가자미와 도다리에서도 비슷한 현상을 보였으며, pH 6~7, pH 8~9 범위에서 박대와 도다리는 서로 다른 단백질 분포를 보였고, 참가자미와 돌가자미는 pH 4.5, pH 6.0과 pH 8.0이하에서 뚜렷이 다른 분포를 보였다. pH범위를 변경하여도 단백질 pattern의 구별이 어려운 참조기와 황강달이에서의 2차원 전기영동은 pH 5.0rhk pH 6.0부근에 있는 단백질들에서 추정분자량 11,700과 87,000으로서 등전점 전기영동시 pH 범위 변경 및 2차원 전개 전기영동을 병용할 경우 서해산 어종(중하, 대하, 밀새우, 참조기, 수조기, 황강달이, 참가자미, 도다리, 박대, 돌가자미, 병어, 아홉등가리)의 판별에 구성 단백질의 등전점 전기영동이 신속하고 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.985-998
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• 2021

일반적으로 상류의 댐은 하류 유황을 자연 상태에서 발전방류 조건으로 심각하게 변화시킨다. 본 연구에서는 물리서식처모의를 통하여 국내 조절하천에서 자연유황 패턴이 하류의 어류 서식처에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 연구 대상하도는 금강의 용담댐 하류 13.4 km 구간으로 설정하였다. 현장조사 결과, 대상하도에서 피라미, 쉬리, 그리고 끄리가 우점하고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 이들이 전체의 70%를 차지하고 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 이중 끄리는 금강에 서식하는 토착어종이다. 이들 3종을 물리서식처모의를 위한 대상어종으로 선정하였다. 수리해석과 서식처모의를 위하여 2차원 천수방정식에 기반한 Nays2D 모형과 HIS 모형을 각각 사용하였다. 자연 유황에 따른 영향을 검토하기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 댐 유입 유량과 발전유량을 이용하였다. 물리서식처모의 결과, 자연유황 조건에서 대상하도의 복합서식처지수가 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 BBA 방법을 이용하여 대상하도에 자연유황에 대한 댐 운영 시나리오를 제시하였다. 시나리오 1을 위하여 유입유량의 양과 지속기간을 고려하는 수문학적 방법을 이용하였고, 시나리오 2는 유입유량을 월별로 평균하여 구축하였다. 시나리오 1과 시나리오 2를 통해서 구현된 자연유황 조건이 발전방류에 비해 가중가용면적을 크게 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 댐 운영을 자연유황 조건으로 변환시켜 방류하였을 때 하류의 어류 서식처를 개선하는데 도움이 되는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 1997

건어물 중의 냄새나는 질소화합물을 증류동시 추출법으로 추출하여 GC-MS로 분석하였다. Amine의 equivalent chain length를 구하여 머무름시간으로부터 탄소수와 차수를 예측할 수 있었다. 새우, 멸치, 북어, 대구, 오징어, 문어, 쥐포, 병어포, 홍합, 조갯살 등 우리 나라에서 많이 식용되는 시료를 분석대상으로 하였다. Dimethylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine 등은 건어물에서 검출되지 않았으나 methylamine, acetamide, thiazole, 2-hydroxy isopropylamine, N-methyl pyrroline, cyclohexylamine 같은 냄새나는 질소화합물들이 GC-MS로 확인되었다. 건어물의 냄새패턴을 식별하기 위하여 GC-MS 피크면적을 자료로 주성분분석을 적용하였다. 주성분분석에 의한 다변량해석은 건어물의 냄새패턴의 유사성과 이질성의 식별에 유익하다는 결론을 얻었다.