• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.291-297
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• 1982

In this part of the studies on dielectric dehydration of foamed fish-starch paste, qualify stability and shelf-life of the product of which the preparation formula and processing conditions were described in previous report (Lee et al, 1982) were determined by means of accelerated reaction test. The product was stored for 50 days under the conditions of temperatures at 35, 45, and $55^{\circ}C$ in steady state and various water activities of 0.44, 0.52, 0.65, and 0.75, respectively. The loss of available lysine, extent of TBA value, and development of browning during the storage were measured and reaction kinetically analysed to assess quality stability and shelf-life of the product for the storage at room temperature of $25^{\circ}C$. Extent of browning was accelerated with the increase of water activity and temperature marking the time to reach a limit of color and flavor deterioration, or to reach brown color density of 0.17 O.D./g at 420 nm, 106 days at aw=0.44, $35^{\circ}C$, and 41 days at aw=0,65, $55^{\circ}C$, These reaction rates resulted in a prediction of shelf-life, 130 to 110 days in the storage at aw=0.44 to 0.75, $25^{\circ}C$. The quality limit assessed by TBA values and sensory evaluation of rancidity was 87 days at aw=0.44, $35^{\circ}C$, and 30 days at aw=0.75, $55^{\circ}C$ which gave a predicted shelf-life, 128 to 113 days . at aw=0.44 to 0.75, $25^{\circ}C$ storage.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.426-429
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• 2001

정어리 단백질을 효율적으로 이용하기 위하여 정어리 단백질 농축액을 명태 냉동풀에 0, 15, 20, 25%로 첨가하여 어육 연제품을 제조하여, 그 굳기의 변화, 관능검사를 하였으며 아미노산 및 지방산 특성을 검토하였다. 정어리 용출 단백질의 함량은 72%였으며, 10$0^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 전후에 거의 용출되었다. 연육제품의 굳기는 농축 단백질을 15% 첨가하였을 때 0.54 kg으로 명태 단백질만의 굳기 0.52 kg 보다 더 높은 수치로서 정어리 농축 단백질 첨가시에 더 좋았다. 아미노산 조성으로 볼 때 total amino acid는 농축 단백질을 15% 첨가하였을 때가 90.701 mg/g으로 가장 높았다. 지질 성분으로서는 불포화 지방산이 61.8634%와 61.9384%로 높은 상태이며, 생정어리의 경우 $C_{20:5}$와 $C_{22:6}$인 경우 7.2931%와 27.7843%로 매우 우수한 수치로 함유되어 있음을 알 수 있었다.있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.239-245
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• 1988

As a part of the studies on effective utilization of polyunsaturated lipids in sardine (Sardinops melanosticta) when the refined sardine oil was added to surimi-based product as a dietary supplement of biologically active fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic aicd and docosahexaenoic acid, storage stability and the effect to the qualify of the product was tested. Addition of the refined sardine oil up to $5\%$ to surimi did not affect the textural properties of the product. And the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the sardine oil was fairly stabilized when it stored for 1 month at room temperature and 43 days at $5^{\circ}C$. These results suggested the possibility that the refined sardine oil or other fish oils containing highly polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA could be used as a food ingredient for dietary supply of the lipids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2012

There is a limitation to estimate vitamin $B_{12}$ intake due to a lack of data on vitamin $B_{12}$ content in many Korean foods. In this study, vitamin $B_{12}$ content was determined in some seaweeds, fish, and shellfish and their product that are consumed in Korea using a modified microbioassay with Lactobacillus delbruecki ATCC 7830. Dried laver and dried seasoned and toasted laver contained very high levels of vitamin $B_{12}$ (66.8 and $55.2-71.3\;{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively. Sea lettuce and seaweed fulvescene also contained high vitamin $B_{12}$ content of 5.47-9.41 and $6.46-7.20\;{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively, whereas sea mustard and sea tangle contained low levels of vitamin $B_{12}$; vitamin $B_{12}$ was not detected in seaweed fusifome. Pacific saury, trout, sea-bass, or squid contained 12.01, 2.00, 0.49 and $2.33\;{\mu}g$ vitamin $B_{12}$/100 g, respectively. Ochellatus octopus, and naked sand lance contained 0.72-1.43 and $3.68\;{\mu}g$ vitamin $B_{12}$/100 g, respectively. Dried Alaska pollack con-tained $0.19-2.64\;{\mu}g$ vitamin $B_{12}$/100 g. Shellfish such as little neck clam and small ark shellfish contained high levels of vitamin $B_{12}$ of $30.5-40.5\;{\mu}g$/100 g, and mussel and abalone contained 17.71 and $7.82\;{\mu}g$/100 g, respectively. Of unique Korean traditional fermented seafood products, salt-fermented products of squid ($2.91\;{\mu}g$/100 g), clams ($34.31\;{\mu}g$/100 g), Ala-ska pollack roe ($9.98-12.02\;{\mu}g$/100 g), hairtail guts ($4.58\;{\mu}g$/100 g) or small shrimp ($0.58-1.55\;{\mu}g$/100 g), and fish sauce from anchovies ($1.52-1.78\;{\mu}g$/100 mL), sand eel ($0.22-0.24\;{\mu}g$/100 mL) or small shrimp ($0.19-0.78\;{\mu}g$/100 mL) were analyzed. A few commercial brands of flying fish roe ($0.73-1.73\;{\mu}g$/100 g), canned tuna ($0.40\;{\mu}g$/100 g), and fried fish paste ($0.25-0.69\;{\mu}g$/100 g) were also analyzed. In conclusion, vitamin $B_{12}$ content in these foods, chosen considering the Korean food culture, should contribute to improve the present vitamin $B_{12}$ food database. It may be helpful to estimate vitamin $B_{12}$ intake more correctly than before, and provide additional information for dietary education related to vitamin $B_{12}$ and meal management.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.482-493
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• 2003

This study has been designed to stress the thoughts that soups should be offered taking into account customer's preference aimed at leading to eventual customer's satisfaction and the importance that Korean traditional food should take the lead in shifting dining-out industry's paradigm to customer-orientation instead of product-orientation. From August 15 through August 30, 2003, the drawn-up questionnaires were handed out to 500 numbers of adults aged over 20 living in Seoul, metropolitan city of Korea and the finally collected 361 questionnaires from them have been analysed as a subject for this study. It showed that the male respondents(44%) dined out much more frequently than the female respondents(35%) and their rate of 5,000-7,000 Won for a meal was most preferred as their average expenditure at one sitting in the restaurant. When eating Korean food at home or in a restaurant, the majority(5l,3%) of them think the soups(Tang) should be served coupled with their ordered meals. Among soups using flesh and meat as a staple material, they most preferred beef & bone soup(33.2%), followed by beep rib soup(30.4%) and beef soup with seasoned red pepper(l0.8%), and among soups using fish & shell and crustacean as a staple material, most preferred were hot fish soup(20.6%), loach soup(l5.2%) and hot crab soup(11.4%). Among soups using beans as a staple material, they most preferred soybean paste stew(33.2%), uncurdled soybean curd stew(29.4%) and Dambuk stew(l5.8%). Among soups using fowls and birds as a staple material, chicken soup with ginseng(51.9%), plain chicken soup(l8.4%) and chicken soup with red pepper sauce(l2.3%) falls on the most preferred. Among soups using vegetables and seaweeds as a staple material, most preferred are sea mustard soup(25.3%), Kimchi soup(16.8%), soybean paste soup with Chinese cabbage(13.0%) and bean sprout soup(10.1%). The soups(Tang) most preferred in the morning time are those soups whose staple materials are vegetables and seaweeds, such as sea mustard soup, bean sprout soup, Kimchi soup and soybean paste soup with Chinese cabbage while the soups most preferred for the lunch time are beef & bone soup, beep rib soup, chicken soup with ginseng and beef soup with seasoned red pepper while beef soup with seasoned red pepper, beef & bone soup, soybean curd stew and Kimchi soup are most preferred soups for the dinner time. The survey showed that 41 % of the subject preferred chicken soup with ginseng for a food considered good by themselves for their health. The male respondents preferred Bosin-tang(soup of edible-dog meat) than the female counterparts did, while the female respondents preferred chicken soup with ginseng than the male counterparts did. The survey showed that when eating korean traditional food, 70% of the subject are visiting a restaurant where soups are cooked delicious while 61% of the subject think that price does not matter if only food tastes good, which is reflecting that taste of food is a decisive factor in selecting menu rather than its price is. In conclusion, you can say that taste of soup is the most important factor creating steady customer in the restaurant, taking it into account Korean people most prefer their traditional food when dining out.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.352-362
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• 1985

고등어를 원료로 하여 어묵을 제조할 때의 최적가공조건을 밝히기 위하여, 원료어의 저장조건 및 선도, 원료육의 수세조건, 알칼리 세척처리, 원료육의 혈합육비율, 고기풀의 setting조건, 가열온도 및 시간, 냉동고기풀의 저장 기간 등이 어묵형성능 및 그 물성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구검토하였다. 1. 원료어를 $25^{\circ}C$에 저장한 것은 선도 및 어묵형성능의 저하가 급격하여 어묵의 겔강도의 경우 5시간 저장한 것은 대조구의 약 l/2, 15시간 저장한것은 약 1/5로 떨어지고, 절곡시험, 관능검사 및 terture에 있어서도 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 원료어를 빙장한 것은 저장 1일째 까지는 비교적 어묵형성능이 유지되었으나, 저장 2일을 넘어서면 크게 감소하였다. $-3^{\circ}C$에서 partial freezing을 한 것과 특히 $-20^{\circ}C$에서 동결저장한 것은 어묵형성능의 저하가 비교적 완만하여 겔강도의 1일 평균저하율은 전자는 약$6.5\%$, 후자는 약 $4.5\%$를 나타내었다. 전반적으로 저장 기간에 따른 어묵형성능의 저하는 고등어가 정어리에 비하여 비교적 완만하였다. 2. 원료육을 3회 수선한 것은 지방은 약 $55\%$, 수용성단백질은 약 $60\%$가 제거되었으며, 어묵의 물성도 3회 수세한 것이 가장 양호하였고 5회 이상의 수세를 한 것은 물성이 약간 떨어지는 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 원료육의 알칼리 세척에 있어서 $0.5{\sim}0.7\%$ 탄산수소나트륨용액으로 세척하는 경우가 어묵형성능이 가장 양호하였으며, 이 때의 원료육의 pH는 $6.9{\sim}7.0$이었다. 4. 원료육의 혈합육비율이 $5\%$만 되어도 어묵의 물성은 크게 저하하였으며, 혈합육혼화에 따른 어묵물성의 저하는 정어리의 경우에 비하여 훨씬 크게 나타났다. 5. 고기풀의 setting조건은 $5^{\circ}C$에서는 15시간, $30^{\circ}C$에서는 2시간 처리하는 경우가 어묵형성능이 가장 좋았다. 6. setting한 원료육의 가열조건은 $90^{\circ}C$에서 40분간 가열하는 경우가 어묵형성능이 가장 좋았다. 7, 고등어 냉동 고기풀은 $-30^{\circ}C$에서 30일간 동결저장하여도 어묵형성능에 큰 변화를 나타내지 않았으나, 50일간 저장한 것의 겔강도는 대조구의 약 $87\%$를 나타내었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.361-367
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• 1984

In previous paper(Lee et al., 1984), preparation formula and processing conditions of the fish meat (mackerel) paste using dielectric heating were described, that included the proper shape and size of product and the conditions of dielectric heating, hot air dehydration, and heating with electric heater to yield the minimum expansion and case hardening during heating and to controll the final rater activity of 0.86 to 0.83 accompanying with a complete reduction of viable cells and good texture. In present study, changes in VBN, pH, total plate count, water activity, texture, the loss of available lysine, color indexes, TBA value, and the content of TI were determined to assess the quality stability and shelf-life of the product during the storage for 35 days at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;25^{\circ}C$, respectively. And the effect of vacuum sealing and hot water treatment before storage on the storage stability of product was also mentioned. As the product was vacuum packed in K-flex film bag, heat treated in boiling water for 6 minutes, and stored, water activity was maintained 0.86 to 0.84 for 35 days regardless of storage temperature, and the increase of total plate count was negligible in case of $5^{\circ}C$ storage while tended to gain slightly after 25 days at $25^{\circ}C$ storage. Changes in VBN was also minimum with an increase of 1.5 mg/100g at $5^{\circ}C$ and 7.0mg/100g at $25^{\circ}C$, but in case of unpacked sample, it was 24.5mg/100g at $5^{\circ}C$ and 42.4 mg/100g at $25^{\circ}C$ even after 7 days. In textural property hardness tended to increase after 28 days and folding test score was down to A or B from AA grade. The loss of available lysine was $7.5\%\;at\;5^{\circ}C$ and $17.0\%\;at\;25^{\circ}C$ but brown color was not deeply developed as the color index score indicated. TBA value was not increased at $5^{\circ}C$ while it tended to increase rapidly after 30 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Changes in TI content was not obvious except that it showed a tendency of increase at the end of storage as well as in the change of lysine and TBA value. It is concluded from the results that the quality of the product, pasteurized and water activity controlled by dielectric heating, and vacuum packed in K-flex film would be stable for more than 35 days at $5^{\circ}C$ and at least 25 days even at room temperature.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.232-241
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• 1979

연안 수산 자원의 효율적인 이용 방법을 개발할 목적으로 축육과 유사한 가공 적성을 가지는 새로운 형태의 어육 조직 단백질 농축물을 가공하기 위하여 백색 육어인 말쥐치와 적색 육어인 정어리를 원료로 하여 최적 가공 조건 및 제품의 품질에 관하여 실험하였다. 말쥐치 및 정어리로써 축육과 유사한 어육 조직 단백질 농축물을 가공하기 위한 최적 조건은 다음과 같다. 원료 어육의 pH는 7.5, 고기풀 제조시 소금의 첨가량은 어육 중량에 대하여 1.0%, 압출기로 압출한 고기풀의 냉 에틸알코올중의 침지 시간은 30분, 침지시의 에틸알코올량은 어육량에 대해 3배, 그때의 에틸알코올 온도는 5내지 $20^{\circ}C$가 적당하였다. 그리고 에틸알코올 중의 침지 회수는 말쥐치의 경우 2회 정어리는 4회가 적당하였고, 에틸알코올을 제거 하는데는 냉풍 건조가 효과적이었다. 원료 어육에 대한 제품의 수율은 말쥐치는 21.1 및 정어리는 24.3 %이었다. 제품의 단백질 함량은 말쥐치가 77.6, 정어리는 75.8 %였으며, 지방은 각각 0.2 및 3.6 %였다. 말쥐치 및 정어리 조직 단백질 농축물의 필수아미노산 함량은 쇠고기 및 대두 조직 단백질과 비교하였을 때 손색이 없었으며, 두 가지 제품으로써 미트볼 및 햄버거를 만들었을 때 모두 쇠고기와 값은 량의 중량비로 혼합하여 맛, 색 및 촉감에 손색없이 식품 소재로 이용할 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.16-31
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• 1999

Milk and milk products, especially the cow's milk and cheese, have been used since the ancient time. Because they contains almost all kinds of nutrients that are necessary for human beings except for iron, n-3 fatty acid, and vitamin C. Milk is an excellent dietary source of protein, calcium and phosphorus. The biological value of milk protein is as high as those of red meat and eggs. So cheese, a food processed from concentrated milk protein, is highly recommended food for the patient of diabetes mellitus. Because the major form of milk lipids is n-6 fatty acid, milk and milk products may not be a good food for the patients of cardiovascular disease. But the nutritional quality of milk lipids cannot be inferior to those of margarine, fish oil, and vegetable oil. Milk has been produced commercially since 1936 in Korea. The most popular milk product is a drink milk now in Korea. But according to the change of dietary pattern the consumption of yoghurt and cheese has been enormously increased during the last 20 years. As the soy sauce, tofu, and soy been paste have been the fundamental seasoning and source of protein in Korea, milk and cheese have consisted the essential flavor of western cuisine. But the basic idea for the usage of protein, peptides, and amino acids are the same. We found that milk and milk products can be nicely added in many Korean dishes such as Juk, Mandoo, Jeon, and Bindeatuk for the diversity of traditional flavor.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 1986

붕장어와 방어를 시료어로 하여 이것을 빙장, partial freezing 및 동결 저장을 하여 두고 저장 중의 시료어의 pH, VBN 및 K 치의 변화, 지질의 POV와 TBA 치의 변화 및 육단백질의 조성변화를 분석하여 partial freezing에 의한 선도유지효과를 검토하고, 붕장어에 대하여는 저장기간 별로 어묵을 제조하여 겔강도, 절곡강도, 압출수분율 및 texture 등을 측정하여 저장기간에 따른 시료어육의 어묵형성능의 유지효과도 검토하였다. 1. 저장 중의 시료어의 pH가 최저치에 달하는 기간은 동결 저장, partial freezing 및 빙장의 순으로 길었다. VBN의 변화는 붕장어를 빙장한 경우, 저장 9 일째 이후 급격한 증가를 나타내었으나, partial freezing과 동결 저장의 경우에는 저장기간에 따른 변화는 거의 없었다. 방어는 partial freezing 및 동결 저장의 경우에도 완만하게 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 2. 저장 중의 K치의 변화에 있어서, 9 일간 partial freezing한 경우, 붕장어는 $13\%$, 방어는 $26\%$를 나타내었으며, 동결 저장의 경우에는 두 시료어 모두가 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 그리고. 저장 중의 K치의 증가속도는 숭어보다 다소 완만한 경향을 나타내었다. 3. TBA치의 변화에 있어서, 붕장어 및 방어를 빙장한 경우에는 저장기간에 따라 점차 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 동결 저장의 경우에는 거의 변화가 없었다. Partial freezing의 경우, 붕장어는 큰 변화가 없었지만, 방어는 초기에 약간 상승하는 경향을 나타내었다. 한편, POV의 변화에 있어서는, 붕장어와 방어의 증가폭이 빙장, partial freezing 및 동결 저장 순으로 켰으며, 방어가 붕장어에 비하여 증가속도가 다소 큰 경향을 나타내었다. 4. 저장 중의 단백질조성의 변화는 붕장어와 방어의 근원섬유단백질이 저장 9 일째에 생시료에 대하여 빙장의 경우는 각각 약$25%$, 약 $16\%$, partial freezing의 경우는 시료어 모두가 약 $10\%$ 감소하였으며, 동결 저장의 경우에는 저장 15 일째에 각각 약 $11\%$ 및 $4\%$ 감소하였다. 알칼리 가용단백질은 저장 9일째에 붕장어와 방어가 빙장의 경우, 각각 약 6.3배, 약 3.3배, partial freezing의 경우 약3.4배, 약 1,7배, 동결 저장의 경우에는 저장 15 일째에 각각 약 3.2배 및 약 1.5배의 증가를 나타내었으며, 전반적으로 붕장어가 방어에 비하여 변화폭이 켰는데 숭어에 비해서는 붕장어가 켰으며, 방어는 적었다. 5. 붕장어를 저장 조건 별로 제조한 어묵의 겔강도, 절곡강도 및 texture의 저장기간에 따른 감소율은. 빙장의 경우가 가장 컸고, partial freezing및 동결 저장의 경우가 다소 완만하게 감소하였다. 10 일간 저장한 시료어로 제조한 어묵의 겔강도는 빙장을 한 것이 대조구의 것의 약 $35\%$, partial freezing을 한 것이 약 $74\%$, 동결 저장한 것은 약 $76\%$를 나타내었다. 어묵의 압출수분율은 10일간 저장한 시료어의 경우, 빙장한 것이 약 1.6배, partial freezing을 한 것이 약 1.2배, 동결 저장을 한 것이, 약1.1배의 증가를 나타내었는데, 저장기간에 따른 물성의 변화는 숭어에 비하여 붕장어가 적었다.