• 한국균학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 1984

볏짚배지(培地)에서 Pleurotus sajor-caju의 배양조건(培養條件)을 달리하여 섬유소분해효소(纖維素分解酵素) 생산(生産)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 검토(檢討)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 효소생산(酵素生産)의 최적(最適) 수분함양(水分含量), pH 및 온도(溫度)는 $C_1-cellulase$가 60%, 7.0, $35^{\circ}C$ 이었고 $C_x-cellulase$는 60%, 5.0, $25^{\circ}C$이었으며 ${\beta}-glucosidase$는 60%, 7.0, $20^{\circ}C$이었다. 2) 균사배양기간(菌絲培養期間) 중에 광(光)을 조사(照射)하므로서 $C_1-cellulase$와 ${\beta}-glucosidase$생산(生産)은 감소(減少)하였으나 $C_x-cellulase$는 $500{\sim}1,000\;lux$에서 오히려 증가(增加)되었다. 3) 배양기간(培養期間) 중에 $C_1-cellulase$가 감소(減少)하면 $C_x-cellulase$와 ${\beta}-glucosidase$가 증가(增加)하는 상반관계(相反關係)를 나타내었다. 4) 부원료(副原料) 중에서 $C_1-cellulase$는 미강(米糠), $C_x-cellulase$는 면실박(綿實粕)과 미강(米糠), ${\beta}-glucosidase$는 대두박(大豆粕)과 어분(魚粉)을 첨가(添加)했을 때 가장 양호(良好)했으며 $C_1-cellulase$와 ${\beta}-glucosidase$는 미강(米糠) 20%, $C_x-cellulase$ 10%는 첨가(添加)했을 때 양호(良好)하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.1736-1744
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• 2008

Two experiments were conducted in central Vietnam to test the hypothesis that supplementation with a concentrate, comprising rice bran (45% fresh basis), maize (49%), fish meal (3%), urea (2%) and salt (1%), up to 2% of live weight (LW)/d (dry matter (DM) basis) would linearly increase digestible organic matter intake and LW gain of yellow cattle. In both experiments, there were five treatments, namely a basal diet of fresh grass fed at 1.25% of LW (experiment 1, elephant grass, Pennisetum purpureum; experiment 2, native grass) and rice straw (Oryza sativa) fed ad libitum or this diet supplemented with concentrate at about 0.3, 0.7, 1.3 or 2.0% LW. There were 4 male growing cattle per treatment in experiment 1 and 3 in experiment 2. Diets were fed for 44 (experiment 1) or 49 (experiment 2) days, with feed intake recorded daily, LW measured about weekly and digestibility measurements made over 7 days commencing on day 24 (experiment 1) or day 10 (experiment 2). The elephant grass and native grass had neutral detergent fibre (NDF) concentrations of 82 and 73% DM, and nitrogen concentrations of 1.3 and 1.8% DM, respectively. The rice straw used had a NDF concentration of 79-84% DM and nitrogen concentration of 0.8% DM. The concentrate had NDF and nitrogen concentrations of 33 and 2.8% DM. In both experiments, DM intake increased (p<0.001) linearly as the amount of concentrate consumed increased. Rice straw intake declined (p<0.001) (experiment 1: 1.24 to 0.48 kg DM/d; experiment 2: 0.95 to 0.50 kg DM/d) as concentrate intake increased. Grass intake was not significantly affected by concentrate intake in either experiment. The lowest amount of concentrate supplement increased forage intake, after which substitution rate increased as the amount of concentrate consumed increased. However, substitution rates at the highest amount of concentrate consumed were modest at 0.3 to 0.5 kg DM reduction in forage intake/kg DM supplement consumed. In both experiments, digestible organic matter intake increased linearly (p<0.001) (experiment 1: 1.16 to 2.38 kg/d; experiment 2: 1.30 to 2.49 kg/d) as the amount of supplement consumed increased, as did LW gain (experiment 1: 0.15 to 0.81 kg/d; experiment 2: 0.15 to 0.77 kg/d). This was associated with significant (p<0.01) linear increases in organic matter intake and apparent organic matter digestibility. Neutral detergent fibre digestibility declined as concentrate intake increased, but the effect was not significant (p = 0.051) in experiment 2. These results are discussed in relation to existing literature and potential to improve the profitability of cattle fattening in central Vietnam.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.621-628
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• 2004

Twenty male buffalo calves of 6-9 months of age (average body weight, 97 kg) were randomly allocated into two main groups of four (control) and sixteen (supplemented) calves. The supplemented group was further divided in to four equal sub-groups, with the two groups supplemented with a liquid preparation of urea-molasses, UML1, containing fish meal and UML2, containing formaldehyde treated deoiled mustard cake (FDMC) and the other two, with a semi-solid preparation, UMC1 with FDMC and deoiled rice bran (DORB) contributing similar level of CP as in UML2 and UMC2 with double the level of FDMC to that in UMC1. The control group was fed with DORB along with ad libitum wheat straw at 40:60 ratios. The rest of the groups were fed on the above diet supplemented with 500 g (as fed basis) of urea-molasses preparations. The experimental feeding was carried out for 24 weeks including a metabolism trial towards the end of experimental feeding. Daily feed intake and fortnightly change in live weight were also recorded during the study. Catalytic supplementation of 500 g urea-molasses induced 8-25% higher voluntary feed intake of wheat straw, resulting in 15-25% higher DM and OM intake. The digestibility of DM, OM, total carbohydrate, NDF, ADF, hemicellulose and cellulose in all the dietary groups were comparable. The CP digestibility of calves in supplemented groups were higher (p<0.05) than the control group. The balance of nutrients, viz. N, Ca and P, was also higher in the supplemented groups. Significantly higher intake of digestible CP coupled with other digestible nutrients attributed to higher TDN (1.67-1.78 vs. 1.37 kg) and ME (5.94-6.31 vs. 4.87 Mcal) intake in urea-molasses supplemented groups which resulted in higher live weight gain compared to that in control group (p<0.01). Between the supplements, UML2 and UMC2 faired non-significantly, indicating formalin treated mustard cake as a suitable replacement to fishmeal in the supplement. The overall ranking based on intake and digestibility of nutrients, live weight gain, economic evaluation and input-output relationship revealed that the rations with UML2 and UMC1 to be of greater value compared to other types. From the study it can be concluded that young ruminants can be reared successfully on a basal diet of deoiled rice bran and wheat straw supplemented with cheaper urea-molasses-mineral mix.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the supplementary effects of vitamin C and E to moist pellet on growth and body composition in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Four groups of diet made : moist pellet (MP) diet group was used as the control group where the ratio of raw feed and commercial compound meal is 5:5 $(CP\;30\%,\;CL\;17\%),$ vitamin C added group (VC), vitamin I added group (VE) and vitamin C and I added group (VCE). The supplementary amount of vitamin C and E corresponded to 1000 mg/kg (dry wt.) and 220mg/kg (dry wt.), respectively. Vitamin C was destroyed $50\%$ and vitamin E was destroyed $20\%$ for manufacturing process. After 8 weeks feeding trial, weight gain was $121.9\%$ in MP group, while it ranged from 180.5 to $184.9\%$ in the VC, VE and VCE group. Feed efficiency was $71.\6%$ in MP group, whereas it ranged from 78.7 to $80.6\%$ in the VC, VE and VCE group, weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed vitamin supplemented diets were significantly higher than control group and no significant difference among the vitamin added groups was observed (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and visceraweight index (VWI) of body composition. Hemoglobin (Hb) was $3.79\%$ in MP group, whereas $4.99\%$ in VC group, $4.55\%$ in VE group and $5.07\%$ in VCE group; Hb was significantly higher in the vitamin added groups than the control group (p<0.05). Vitamin C retention in liver was 18.1, 20.7, 46.6, 54.0 mg/kg in MP, VE, VC and VCE groups, respectively. Vitamin E retention in liver was 25.9, 53.8, 88.2, 124.5 mg/kg in MP, VC, VE and VCE groups, respectively. These results indicate that supplementation of vitamin C and E to moist pellet diet significantly improved growth and feed efficiency of olive flounder, and the mixed addition of vitamin C (1,000 mg/kg dry wt.) and vitamin E (220 mg/kg dry wt.) did not lead to the synergy effect.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.385-390
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• 2009

This survey was conducted to monitor the total sugar, sodium, and artificial sweetener contents of light meals from the school zone in Gwangju, from November, 2008 to April, 2009. A total of 100 samples were tested. HPLC/ELSD was used for the determination of total sugar contents and AAS for sodium contents. Total sugar amounts were the sum of both mono-and disaccharide according to nutritional information standard defined by the Korea Food and Drug Administration. The results were as follows by the form of total sugar content(sodium content): $5.7\;{\pm}\;1.9%$($4.6\;{\pm}\;1.6\;mg/g$) for Tteokbokki, $7.6\;{\pm}\;5.1%$($5.4\;{\pm}\;2.7\;mg/g$) for Chicken(skewed), $15.4\;{\pm}\;3.2%$($3.0\;{\pm}\;0.9\;mg/g$) for Bun(fish-shaped), $0.6\;{\pm}\;0.3%$($3.7\;{\pm}\;1.0\;mg/g$) for Sundae, $0.9\;{\pm}\;0.3%$($7.4\;{\pm}\;1.4\;mg/g$) for Oden(with broth), $20.5\;{\pm}\;6.2%$($2.9\;{\pm}\;0.6\;mg/g$) for Waffle, $6.8\;{\pm}\;2.2%$($4.7\;{\pm}\;1.0\;mg/g$) for Hotdog, $14.2\;{\pm}\;2.8%$($3.1\;{\pm}\;1.6\;mg/g$) for Hotteok, $6.6\;{\pm}\;2.1%$($3.9\;{\pm}\;0.6\;mg/g$) for Toast, $10.1\;{\pm}\;3.7%$($2.3\;{\pm}\;0.7\;mg/g$) for Fry(sweet potato), $1.6\;{\pm}\;0.7%$($4.0\;{\pm}\;0.7\;mg/g$) for Fry(etc), and $9.3\;{\pm}\;2.4%$($4.0\;{\pm}\;0.6\;mg/g$) for Doughnut. In addition, sodium saccharin, one of the artificial sweeteners, was tested. Among 60 samples from February to April, 2009, 11 samples had sodium saccharin(6.7~101.0 mg/kg).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.252-258
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• 1972

경유(輕油)를 기질(基質)로 한 석유탄화수소발효액(石油炭化水素醱酵液)으로부터 효과적(效果的)으로 균체(菌體)를 회수(回收), 정제(精製)하기 위한 몇가지 지견(知見)과 예비동물사육시험(飼備動物飼育試驗)결과를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 발효배양액(醱酵培養液)으로부터 균체(菌體) cream의 정치분리(精置分離)는 30분만에 종료(終了)되며 이때 cream의 균체농도(菌體濃渡)는 5.6%였다. 2) pH 9 이상의 강알칼리성에서 균체(菌體) emulsion은 불안정(不安定)하였으며 열처리(熱處理), 동결(凍結)에 의하여 emulsion으로부터 $60{\sim}80%$의 균체(菌體)를 분리(分離)할 수 있었다. 3) Emulsion 파괴(破壞)를 위한 식용계면활성제(食用界面活性劑)로는 트리오가 가장 우수하였으며 그 적합한 농도(濃渡)는 0.3%였다. 이 외에 Aldo, Monogly 5-7 및 G-4도 유효(有效)하였다. 4) NaCl, KCl 등의 할로겐화알칼리금속염이 균체(菌體) emulsion 파괴(破壞)에우수하였으며 트리오와 같은 계면활성제(界面活性劑)와 혼합(混合)하여 사용하므로서 90% 이상의 균체(菌體)를 분리(分離)할 수 있었다. 5) 건조반제품(乾燥半製品)을 hexane-ethyl alcohol 및 iso-propyl alcohol의 공비혼합물(共沸混合物)로 유출(抽出)하는 것이 가장 기대(期待)되는 균체(菌體)의 정제방법(精製方法)이며 추출온도(抽出溫度)는 $58^{\circ}C$, 추출시간(抽出時間)은 30분(分), 균체(菌體) 대(對) 용매비율(溶媒比率)은 1 : 3이 적합하였다. 6) 균체단백질(菌體蛋白質)의 사양실험결과 어백과 5% 대체(代替)한 수준(水準)에시는 대조구(對照區)보다 3.3%의 더 좋은 증체(增體)를 보였으나 8% 대체구(代替區)는 다른 처리구에 비하여 간(肝)중량이 더 무거운 것이 인정되었다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2017

본 연구는 조사료 생산 분야에서 화학비료를 사용하는 관행농법에서 벗어나 유기재배 기술개발을 위하여 관행재배와 유기재배의 수량성, 사료가치 등을 비교 조사하였다. 시험은 전남 강진군 작천면 소재 축산연구소의 논에서 수행하였다. 유기질 비료로는 질소성분이 4.0% 함유된 유박비료를 이용하였으며, 시험구 편성은 대조구(Con)와 대조구 질소 함량 기준으로 환산하여 유박비료 100% 처리구(T1), 유박비료 150% 처리구(T2), 유박비료200% 처리구(T3)로 구성 하였다. 시험품종은 수수${\times}$수단그라스 교잡종(SX17)을 5월 25일에 ha당 40kg을 휴립세조파(조간 50cm)로 파종하였다. 수확기 처리구별 초장은 대조구 317cm, T1 252cm, T2 269cm, T3 293cm으로 대조구가 가장 우수하였고, 시비 처리구에 따른 시험구에서는 시비량의 증가에 따라 증가하였고, 건초량은 대조구 11.386kg/ha, T1 6,015kg/ha, T2 6,799kg/ha, T3 7,627kg/ha으로 초장의 생육과 동일한 경향을 보였다. 조단백질은 대조구 7.0%, T1 5.7%, T2 6.3%, T3 5.1%로 시험 처리구에서는 T2에서 가장 높았다. 이와 같은 결과로 유박비료를 대조구 시비량 질소 함량 대비 150% 시비에서 사료가치는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 초장과 건초량이 증가가 이루어졌으므로 150% 기준으로 시비하는 것이 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2012

This study focused on the nutrition knowledge, food purchase behaviors, and dietary habits of 213 housewives (41 women under 39 years, 98 women 40~49 years, and 74 women over 50 years). Younger housewives held more special jobs, whereas older housewives worked as housewives or had no jobs ($p$<0.05). The average monthly income of the three family groups was 3,000,000~5,000,000 won, and the monthly dietary expenditure for all three groups was 200,000~500,000 won. Familial frames for the three groups was nuclear family (over 80%), but housewives younger than 39 years (19.5%) lived together with their parents and let them take care of their children. Housewives (over 50 years) prepared a balanced diet for every meal, utilized less drastic cooking methods to prevent loss of nutrients, and shopped at many places in order to save money on various food materials. Further, they purchased food materials that resulted in the least amount of left overs. On the other hand, housewives under 39 years visited large supermarkets and purchased cooked foods more than other groups. Housewives under 39 years considered nutrients content as the most important factor when purchasing food materials, whereas 74.5% of housewives between 40~49 years and 51.4% of housewives over 50 years put the most importance on flavor ($p$<0.05). Housewives under 39 years were interested in manufacture date, nutrient content, and food price, in decreasing order, whereas housewives between 40~49 years and over 50 years were interested in manufacture date, food prices, and nutrient content. Older housewives were interested in brown rice and fruits, whereas younger housewives under 39 years were interested in meat, fish, eggs, fried foods, and fast food. Older housewives over 50 years did not consume fried foods more than two times per week and consumed three regular meals more often than younger housewives. Accordingly, for younger housewives, it is necessary that healthy foods be cooked for their families.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1989

A secondary survey was conducted of 503 customers, to investigate eating out behaviours at five fast food restaurants of Youido apartment compound in Seoul, in April of 1988. The results are summarized as follows: The majority, 84% of customers, were aged 14 to 30, consisting of junior and senior high school children, college students and company employees. In contrast to the previous survey of 1986, in which no elderly customers were found, a small number of elderly customers were observed in this study. The reasons given by customers for patronizing fast food restaurants were the following, from most to least frequent: 'convenient', 'allows for companionship', 'the pleasant place to eat', 'dining equipment and tableware are hygienic', 'to be able to stay as long as I want', and 'foods rapidly served'. Only 24.2% of the customers purchased the fast foods for a full meal, 38.3% purchased the foods for snacking, and others purchased ice cream only or drink only. The majority of the customers ate the purchased foods at the fast food restaurants. However, a limited number of female customers preferred to take the packed fast foods to their homes. Taste preference was a major factor in food selection from available menu items, among the younger customers; whereas customers over 30 years old were concerned with nutritive balance. Fried chicken, pizza, rolled rice with laver, ice cream, and juice were high on the list of liked foods; in contrast, lower preference was for fish burger, doughnut, spaghetti, Chajang noodles and chili beans. The survey discovered that the preference for fried chicken, pizza, and salad had increased compared to the previous survey of 1986. Preference by food nationality was highest for Korean food, then Western food, Chinese food, and Japanese food, in that order. Customers offered suggestions for better fast food service, such as lowering the price; greater variety in the menu; developing fast foods from the traditional Korean foods; and increasing the proportion of vegetables and fruits on the fast food menu. The customers, in particular, emphasized a need for the development of Korean traditional beverage of malt drink and persimmon punch, as well as mungbean pan cakes and sweet- spicy rice noodles (docbokki), as fast foods.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 1992

수산자원의 기능특성 해명을 위한 연구의 일환으로 고등어 근육단백질을 8가지 효소로 가수분해하여 얻은 가수분해물의 ACE 저해작용을 살펴보고 gel 여과에 의한 획분별 ACE 저해작용을 검토하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 단백질의 가수분해에 따른 $5\%$ TCA 가용성 peptide-nitrogen의 생성량은 가수분해 8시간까지는 급격히 증가하였으나 그 후로는 완만하게 증가하였다. 2. 가수분해에 따른 ACE 저해작용 또한 가수분해 8시간까지는 급격히 증가하였으나 특히 복합효소, bromelain에 의해 우수하게 나타났다. 3. 단백질 가수분해물의 ACE 저해작용은 첨가량의 증가와 함께 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 가열에 의한 영향은 적은 것으로 나타났다. 4. Gel 여과에 의한 단백질 가수분해물의 획분별 ACE 저해작용은 서로 비슷한 획분에서 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 이 때의 분자량은 약 1,450 부근인 것으로 나타났다. 5. 복합효소에 의한 가수분해물의 획분 C 및 bromelain에 의한 가수분해물의 획분 d의 $IC_{50}$은 각각 95와 $130{\mu}g$으로 나타났다. 6. 복합효소 및 bromelain에 의한 가수분해물의 ACE 저해작용을 갖는 획분의 아미노산 조성은 다소 다른 것으로 나타났으며, Asp, Glu, Lys, Leu, Val 및 Ala의 함량이 많은 것으로 나타났다.