• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2020

In rumen in vitro experiments, although nitrogen gas (N₂) flushing has been widely used, its effects on rumen fermentation characteristics are not clearly determined. The present study is the first to evaluate the effects of N₂ flushing on rumen fermentation characteristics in in vitro batch culture system by comparing with new applicable non-metabolizable gas: argon (Ar). The rumen fluid was taken from two Korean native heifers followed by incubation for 3, 9, 12, and 24 h with N₂ or Ar flushing. As a result, in all incubation time, N₂ flushing resulted in higher total gas production than Ar flushing (p < 0.01). Additionally, in N₂ flushing group, ammonia nitrogen was increased (p < 0.01). However, volatile fatty acids profiles and pH were not affected by the flushing gases (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that N₂ flushing can influence the rumen nitrogen metabolism via increased ammonia nitrogen concentration and Ar flushing can be used as a new alternative flushing gas.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2011

Simultaneous removal of heavy metals (Cd, Pb) and diesel-fuel from a soil column was evaluated by respectively flushing with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution, mixture of SDS and sodium iodide (SDS + NaI), and surfactant foam (SDS + NaI foam). First, this study evaluated these flushing methods to the heavy metals only-contaminated soil for removal of heavy metals from the heavy-metal only contaminated soil column. After 7 pore volume flushing of the soil column, Cd removal efficiencies from the soil were 40% by SDS solution, 50% by SDS + NaI mixture, and 60% by surfactant foam. The flushing results implied that anionic surfactant and ligand can be efficiently applied to extraction of Cd from the heavy metal contaminated soil. Furthermore, surfactant foam flushing showed an increased flushing efficiency with enhancing the contact between surfactant solution and soil. However, Pb removal efficiency by these flushing methods did not show any difference unlike those of Cd. Second, this study eventually evaluated flushing methods for simultaneous removal of heavy metals and diesel-fuel from the soil column with 7 pore volume flushing. Diesel-fuel removal efficiencies were 50% by SDS + NaI flushing and 90% by SDS + NaI foam flushing. Cd removal efficiency by the foam flushing reached to 80% which was higher than the result of the previous heavy metals onlycontaminated soil experiment. This result implied that diesel-fuel could act as a metal-solvent while it contacted to heavy metals present in the soil. This study clearly showed that surfactant foam flushing simultaneously removed heavy metals and diesel fuel from the soil column.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Sasang constitutional medicine and acupuncture on facial flushing of women in their twenties. Methods: Two patients who had facial flushing were treated with Sasang constitutional medicine and acupuncture. In the first case, the patient diagnosed with Taeeumin was treated by Chungpesagan-tang and Sa-Am Liver-sedating Acupuncture. In the second case, the patient diagnosed with Soeumin was treated by Palmulgunja-tang, Sa-Am Spleen-tonifying Acupuncture and Seungyangsungi-tang which is not belong to Sasang constitutional medicine. The progress of symptoms was evaluated by NRS, frequency of facial flushing, duration time of facial flushing, amount of sweating accompanied by facial flushing. Results: After treatment, the patients' symptoms of facial flushing were improved. Conclusions: These case studies show that Sasang constitutional medicine and acupuncture are effective for the patient in their twenties who had facial flushing.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.824-830
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• 2006

Several tests were conducted to optimize the design parameters of ln-situ soil flushing processes for diesel contaminated soil. According to the batch extraction test for three anionic surfactants evaluation, Calgonit limiting bubble occurrence was selected for its higher oil cleaning efficiency. After optimum surfactant selection, there were many sets of column flushing test. Over 70% of BTEX was removed in this surfactant dose with 400% of soil volume. In the case of no surfactant addition flushing in column, so called "blank flushing test", BTEX removal rate was 64%. But when we reused the effluent for the cleaning solution, the removal rate was decreased to 46.9%. This result showed reabsorption of oil occurred on the soil. With the addition of Calgonit solution to the diesel contaminated column, BTEX was removed up to 98.9% during the first flushing and 99.4% for the second recirculation flushing. In microcosm tests, diesel contaminated soils were cleaned by both surfactant flushing and biological activities. In anoxic condition, nitrate was used as an electron acceptor while the surfactant and the oil were used an electron donor. BTEX removal efficiency could be achieved up to 80% by biological degradation.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.457-461
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• 1987

A comparative study on the two techniques of uterine flushing in superovulated sheep was conducted. The first method was carried out by flushing of the horn through a Foley catheter inserted into the uterine horn (method I ). The second method involved flushing of the horn with the medium injected into uterine tip nea. the utero-tubal junction through a Foley catheter inserted into uterine horn(method II). Superovulation was carried out on day 8 of the estrous cycle by a FSH-PG method. Ova were flushed on 6 or 7 days after mating. The recovery rates in methods I and II were 68.0%(51/75) and 43.6%(17/39), respectively(p<0.05). It indicated that method I is effective technique for flushing of the sheep ova from the uterus.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.68-80
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• 2022

Objectives This study is to report a significant improvement in a Taeeumin patient with systemic contact dermatitis after eating urushiol chicken by herbal medicine treatment. Methods The patient had complaints of erythema, swelling, pruritus, scaly skin, and facial flushing. We treated the patient with an herbal medicine 'Galgeunhaegi-tang' for three months. We evaluated the treatment outcome of systemic contact dermatitis using the Three Item Severity(TIS) score every visit and facial flushing by Image color summarizer at the first and last visit. Results After the treatment, the severity of the patient's skin complaints lessened from moderate to mild. The Image color summarizer showed a minor decrease in the normalized red color level and a significant increase in the brightness level and facial color percentage. Conclusions The patient diagnosed with systemic contact dermatitis, treated with Galgeunhaegi-tang for three months, showed a significant improvement in skin complaints with brighter and even facial color.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2000

This study theoretically investigated the roll-off cleanliness operation to eliminate the built-in contaminants which are primarily the result of manufacturing and assembly procedures first. A rigorous analytical examination of the cleaning process associated with hydraulic systems was performed by developing the general filtration process equations. The sloughing process by which built-in contaminant is entrained in the system fluid was examined during the development of a general analytical expression for sloughing rate. This sloughing rate expression in conjunction with the filtration process equations have lead to a relationship rate expression in conjunction with the filtration process equations have lead to a relationship which describes the flushing and clean-up operation for the hydraulic systems. The effects of the primary roll-off cleanliness factors was discussed and illustrated on the figures. Then, the analytical results was shown to be usefully applied into the design of roll-off flushing equipment for the hydraulic system of a tractor.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.217-227
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 저수지 퇴사 및 배사현상을 모의하기 위한 준정류 모형을 제시하였다. 준정류 모형은 하상은 시간에 따라 변하지만 유동은 정상류라는 가정에 기초한다. 이것은 유동에 비해 매우 장기간에 걸쳐 하도형태가 변하기 때문에 타당하다. 개발된 모형을 저수지 퇴사에 관한 실내실험에 적용하였다. 수치계산을 통하여 상류측에서 공급되는 유사량에 따라 하도의 수심 및 하상경사가 조정되는 것을 보였다. 수치모의에 의한 수위와 하상고가 실험결과와 잘 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 모형을 저수지 배사 현상에 관한 선행 실험 조건에 적용하였다. 이 경우에는 배사를 촉진시키기 위해 실험에서 부정류를 발생시켰기 때문에 준정류 모형에 의한 모의결과가 관측자료와 잘 일치하지 않는 것을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 유사공급에 따른 평형 수심과 하상경사에 관한 공식을 제시하였으며 수치실험을 통하여 이를 검증하였다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2021

A 3-year-old spayed female beagle dog was presented with epiphora, severe hemorrhagic and purulent ocular discharge in the right eye (OD). A reflux of the discharge through the other canaliculi, associated with signs of chronic inflammation, was observed on cytology. Dacryocystorhinography revealed retention of contrast media ventral to the lower punctum, indicating complete obstruction and the potential presence of radiolucent foreign body. Ocular discharge subsided after the first treatment, including flushing of the nasolacrimal duct and application of topical antibiotics and corticosteroids, but clinical symptoms of the dacryocystitis waxed and waned thereafter. Surgical treatment was delayed for 8 months due to Dirofilaria immitis infection, and topical treatment and monthly flushing were maintained. On the day of operation, a foreign body was released through the fistula, while flushing for disinfection under general anesthesia, just before the surgery. Dacryocystectomy was performed to remove necrotic tissue and residual foreign body around the nasolacrimal cyst. Upon histopathologic findings, the removed foreign body was considered to be a plant, and the nasolacrimal cyst was comprised of chronic active ulcerative inflammation and necrotic tissues. At the 1-week recheck, improvement of epiphora and ocular discharge and healing of the surgical site was noted. In conclusion, nasolacrimal duct foreign body can be considered in recurrent dacryocystitis, despite nasolacrimal flushing and topical medication. In this study, dacryocystectomy was curative without recurrence of dacryocystitis or epiphora.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.64-80
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• 1998

The risk of cross-contamination in dental clinic is very high. Those who are engaged in dental clinic are exposed to various microorganisms in saliva and blood of patient. Potential possibility of cross-contamination of patient to patient, patient to dentist, dentist to laboratory technician always exist, which is important in the view of public health. It is well known that microorganisms may cause cross-contamination by suck-back of microorganisms into the water supply line or air supply line of dental unit and sprayed back into the next patient's oral cavity. The majority of microorganisms coming from dental unit are water microorganisms from the main water supply which have colonized the tube within the units and multiplied in the relatively warm and stagnant conditions. The purpose of this study is to measure the extent of microbial contamination of dental unit and ultrasonic scaler, to evaluate that dental unit water supply is suitable for drinking water, and to assess the effect of flushing on reduction of microbial contamination of dental unit and ultrasonic scaler. In the first experiment, water samples(50ml) from 20 dental units and 10 ultrasonic scalers in Seoul National Univ. Hosp. were tested for the presence of coliform. The samples were filtered by membrane filtration technique.(Microfil system, Millipore Co. U. S. A.) The filter was then placed onto MacConkey agar plate and the plates with filter on it were incubated aerobically at $37^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. The colors and shapes of colonies were examined if those were coliform. To verify the presence of coliform, the colonies were inoculated into phenol red lactose broth and incubated aerobically at $37^{\circ}C$ for 2 days. The fomation of gas was observed. In the second experiment, water samples from 20 handpieces, 10 ultrasonic scalers and 30 A/W syringes after 0, 2, 4, 6 min. flushing respectively were taken. $200{\mu}l$ water samples were spreaded on Brain Heart Infusion agar plate and the plates were incubated aerobically at $37^{\circ}C$ for 5 days. The number of colony was counted. The results obtained were summarized as follows 1. The water from dental unit and ultrasonic scaler was not suitable for drinking water. 2. No coliform was founded in dental unit and ultrasonic scaler water supply. 3. The number of colony of dental unit and ultrasonic scaler was highest in the group of o min. flushing(p<0.05). 4. There was no statistically significant difference in the extent of microbial contamination among handpiece, ultrasonic scaler and A/W syringe (p>0.05). 5. The number of colony was lowest in the group of 4 min. flushing, but there was no statistically significant difference among 2, 4, 6 min. flushing groups.(p>0.05) 6. It is recommended to flush dental unit water line for 4 min. after use on each patient.