• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.185-192
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• 1997

The combustion of cellulose insulation treated with Borax, Boric acid and Aluminum Sulfate as combustion retardants is examined by candle type combustion tester. The cellulose fibers in cellulose insulation are classified by diameter as less than 0.2mm, 0.2mm-0.5mm, 0.5mm-2mm and more than 2mm. The burning behavior of cellulose insulation are studied by LOI (Limit Oxygen Index: Beginning point of smoldering), L- point (Lower point of combustion transition from smoldering- flaming to flaming combustion), LOI, L-point and H-point rise with the increasing particle size of cellulose fibers because thermal decomposition rate of cellulose fiber decreases. The phenomena of combustion transition from smoldering to flaming combustion are determined by the generating rate of combustible gas and the formation rate of combustible gas mixture within the zone of cellulose fiber heated.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to find the fire-protection method for keeping on the bond capacity of Near-Surface-Mounted (NSM) FRP under high temperature. Experiments have been carried out to evaluate the bond capacity of NSM FRP by using CFRP-plates and to confirm the heat transfer to the concrete block when the refractory insulation is attached to the surface of NSM FRP. Bond test of NSM FRP under room temperature was conducted to obtain the maximum bond strength. And then a heating tests were carried out with keeping the bond stress of 30% of the maximum bond strength. As a result, the bond capacity of NSM FRP was disappeared when the temperature at epoxy reached to its glass transition temperature (GTT). In order to secure the bond capacity of the NSM FRP, it is necessary to protect the front as well as side by using insulation materials.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 1995

본 연구에서는 유조차의 추락으로 인해 화재를 입은 콘크리트 교각의 손상 정도에 대하여 조사하였다. 화재에 의한 콘크리트의 조직 변성 및 파손 깊이는 유한요소법으로 계산하여 현장 실측치와 비교분석하였고, 철근의 손상도는 인장시험을 통하여 파악하였다. 유한요소법에 의한 계산에서는 콘크리트의 열 전달 계수 ${\alpha}=2000Ｗ/m^2{\cdot}K$ 콘크리트의 초기 온도 $T_0=5^{\circ}C$ 그리고 화재 지속 시간 t=30분으로 고정하였고, 화재 온도 $T_a=500~800^{\circ}C$로 변화시켰다. 계산 결과 콘크리트 조직 변성 깊이는 1.5~4.1cm 그리고 압축 파열 깊이는 8.7~10.1cm로서 각각 실측치인 2~4cm 및 8~10cm와 근접한 결과를 얻었다. 그리고 화재후 철근의 인장강도는 별 손실이 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2009

최근 도시의 밀집화, 다양화, 대형화에 따라 소방산업은 첨단소방기술이 요구되어지고 있어 점차 생산집약형 산업에서 지식기반산업으로 전환이 시도 되어지고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 소방산업을 지식기반형 고부가가치 산업으로 육성시키기 위해서는 산업혁신역량이 요구되며, 산업혁신역량은 인적자원의 경쟁력에 의해 크게 좌우된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소방산업 인력을 단순현장기능인력, 고급기술인력, 전문연구인력으로 세 가지로 분류하여 국내 소방산업 인력양성 현황을 살펴보고, 각 분류에 따른 인력양성에 대한 문제점과 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.784-792
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• 2006

The Neo-Confucian study of the thee of ministerial fire(相火論) constitute of the rule of iung jung(中正), the principal of form and use(體用) and of real nature and emotion(性情) of human and ethic mind(人心道心). The present study is to evaluate a fundamental concept of the theory of ministerial fire, which is one of traditional medical ideology in China, through the Neo-Confucianism projects to The theory of ministerial fire. The theory of ministerial fire of Judange(朱丹溪) was recognized by ontological principal of Heaven-Human being-Earth, ontological structure of Form-Use and the structure that mind consist of real nature and emotion(심統性惰). The ethic and human mind(道心人心) of Judange and constancy and transition(常變) of seven emotion have relationship in the ontological structure of Form-Use. The real nature of human Doing consisted of apriority of Heaven rule is unitary constructed by Form-Use(체용) of inactivated real nature and activated seven emotion and then activated seven emotion shows dual form of appropriate(中節) and inappropriate(不中節). Emperor's and ministerial fire(君火相火) which has a relationships of Heaven-Human being synchronization represents all kinds of fire and classified to heaven fire(天火) and human fire(人火). The emperor's fire was triggered by inactivated fire and ministerial fire(相火) was triggered by activated fire. Inactivated ministerial fires have dual form of physiological ministerial and pathological ministerial fire. Regarding the forementioned analytic thinking, it was clear that manifest processing of One's real nature and the ministerial fire undergo the same principal and logics. Since maintained One's real nature that is inactivated seven emotion and appropriated activated seven emotion, ministerial fire can be stable and keep one's health and well-being in mind and body.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1384-1388
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• 2003

In structural fires, flashover is characterized by the rapid transition in fire behavior from localized burning of fuel to the involvement of all combustibles in the enclosure. An investigation of parameter effects on the time to reach flashover conditions in a typical single room fire is undertaken using a zone method (FAST) and Thomas method. Major parameters affecting the time to reach flashover are found to be fire growth rate, ventilation opening area and internal room surface. The results of the FAST and the Thomas Method give very similar results of the time to reach flashover..

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2003

가로, 세로, 높이가 각각 100cm, 60cm, 45cm로 내용적이 $270\ell$인 폭발 용기를 이용하여 불균일 농도 상태의 LPG-공기 혼합가스의 폭발특성을 측정하였다. 폭발은 vented-explosion과 closed explosion의 조건에서 실시하였다. 실험의 변수로는 점화원의 위치, 노즐직경 및 유속으로, 시료가스를 주입하는 노즐의 직경과 유속을 변화시키면서 용기 내에서의 불균일 혼합정도를 조절하였다. 폭발압력은 strain형 압력센사를 사용하여 측정하였고 폭발화염의 거동은 비디오카메라로 측정하여 분석하였다. 실험결과 유속과 가스 주입 시간이 용기 내 가스 혼합에 중요한 요소임을 알 수 있었으며, 불균일 정도가 심화될 수록 폭발압력과 압력상승속도가 감소하였으나 용기 내 폭발화염의 체류시간은 크게 증가하였으며 이로 인하여 가스 폭발 후 화재로의 전이 위험성이 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.290-298
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• 2024

K-Maryblyt has been developed for the effective control of secondary fire blight infections on blossoms and the elimination of primary inoculum sources from cankers and newly emerged shoots early in the season for both apple and pear trees. This model facilitates the precise determination of the blossom infection timing and identification of primary inoculum sources, akin to Maryblyt, predicting flower infections and the appearance of symptoms on various plant parts, including cankers, blossoms, and shoots. Nevertheless, K-Maryblyt has undergone significant improvements: Integration of Phenology Models for both apple and pear trees, Adoption of observed or predicted hourly temperatures for Epiphytic Infection Potential (EIP) calculation, incorporation of adjusted equations resulting in reduced mean error with 10.08 degree-hours (DH) for apple and 9.28 DH for pear, introduction of a relative humidity variable for pear EIP calculation, and adaptation of modified degree-day calculation methods for expected symptoms. Since the transition to a model-based control policy in 2022, the system has disseminated 158,440 messages related to blossom control and symptom prediction to farmers and professional managers in its inaugural year. Furthermore, the system has been refined to include control messages that account for the mechanism of action of pesticides distributed to farmers in specific counties, considering flower opening conditions and weather suitability for spraying. Operating as a pivotal module within the Fire Blight Forecasting Information System (FBcastS), K-Maryblyt plays a crucial role in providing essential fire blight information to farmers, professional managers, and policymakers.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2011

본 연구는 RC조 슬래브의 자중을 줄이기 위하여 구조적 역할을 담당하지 않은 상 하부 철근 사이의 중앙부 콘크리트를 제거하고, 중량감소 및 단열성능을 확보할 수 있는 경량 중공체를 적용한 중공슬래브에 대하여 현장 적용을 위한 최소 요구내화성능(1~2시간)을 평가하기 위한 것이다. 이에 피복두께 및 적재하중, 경간길이를 실험인자로 설정하여 실험을 수행하였다. 내화실험을 실시한 결과, 실험인자에 상관없이 모두 목표 내화성능인 120분을 만족하였고 피복두께 보다 적재하중이 내화성능에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 경간길이는 짧을수록 내화성능에 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 기존 RC조 슬래브에 적용되지 않던 경량 중공체로 사용된 발포폴리스티렌(EPS: Expanded Polystyrene)의 고온시 특성을 파악한 결과 $100^{\circ}C$에서 유리천이현상(Glass Transition)으로 인한 온도상승 지연구간이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 발포폴리스티렌의 polystyrene는 녹는점이 $185^{\circ}C$로 낮은 온도에서 용융된다. 따라서 낮은 온도에서 중공체가 용융되어 온도센서 주변에서 전도에 의한 열전달 매개체가 사라지게 된다. 이에 중공체의 온도는 철근 및 콘크리트에 비해 낮게 나타나는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 경량 중공체는 낮은 온도에서 용융되어 중공슬래브의 내화성능에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2007년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.217-222
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• 2007

Since 1973, we attain a successful achievement of nation-wide afforestation such as a thick forest and heaped-up leaves. However, the higher of the formation density in forest, the more dangerous to be a large-scale forest fire whenever fire occurs. According to the type of forest in the country, 42% of the forest is occupied by conifer forest that are highly flammable, and the distribution of forest age is in a transition period from immature forest to mature one. And the structure is too weak to the forest fire for the occurrence and spread because there are too many scrub and shrub trees in the forest. As a matter of course, it is on the increase of the thinning-forest that can shift the forest structure from a weak on forest fire to a strong one nowaday. In other words, thinning-forest has primary purposes such as the promotion of producing forest trees, production of excellent timbers, and build-up of public forest area. Furthermore, in some reports, the reduction of ladder fuel by eliminating the vertical/horizontal fuel in a forest and ensuring spaces in the forest can decrease the occurrence of forest fire and the risk of spread of burning as by-effect. Therefore, this study is designed to clarify the relation with the risk of forest fire by an on-spat-investigation of the characteristics of forest composition on the thinning and the non-thinning area.