• Title/Summary/Keyword: Fire spread rate

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Measurements of the Heat Release Rate and Fire Growth Rate of Combustibles for the Performance-Based Design - Focusing on the Plastic Fire of Commercial Building (성능위주설계를 위한 가연물의 열발생률 및 화재성장률 측정 - 판매시설의 플라스틱 화재를 중심으로 -)

  • Jang, Hyo-Yeon;Nam, Dong-Gun
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.32 no.6
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    • pp.55-62
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    • 2018
  • To improve the prediction result with enhanced reliability of domestic Performance-Based Design (PBD), actual scale fire tests were carried out on products made of plastics from sales facility combustibles. The commercial buildings were separated into single and multiple combustibles for the experimentation of fire spread caused by the sales shelves where the various combustible materials are displayed. A according to the maximum heat release rate, exposed area and weight of the combustible material, the results revealed a linear relationship of as 93% and 89%. In addition, analysis of the gas concentrations for various combustibles showed that $CO_2$ has a linear relationship, whereas the CO concentration indicated exponential function. These results can be applied to reliable fire source information in PBD of plastic fire source in commercial buildings. This may be applied as fire source information representative of a plastic fire in commercial buildings through additional experiment using the area of the shelf in actual commercial buildings.

Case Study of a Field Test for a Smoke Control System Using Sandwich Pressurization (샌드위치 가압을 이용하는 연기제어 시스템의 현장실험 사례 연구)

  • Kim, Jung-Yup;Ahn, Chan-Sol
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.87-92
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    • 2016
  • Amid the growing number of high-rise complex buildings in Korea, efficient smoke prevention technology in a fire is required and as an alternative of a mechanical smoke control system in high-rise buildings, the use of a smoke control system using sandwich pressurization has been on the rise. In such a system, the appropriate pressure difference and the data for designing the air supply and exhaust flow rate are necessary to prevent the spread of smoke and offer a tenable evacuation environment. As part of such effort, this paper presents a field test process and result after testing a building where such a smoke control system using sandwich pressurization has been installed. A ventilation rate of 6 cycles per hour were applied to simulate the air exhaust flow rate on a fire floor and the air supply flow rate on the floors above and below the fire floor. As a result of the system operation, pressure difference of approximately 260 Pa between the 12th floor of a fire and the 13th floor was generated. The over pressure of the experiment has a serious effect on the evacuation or fire compartment so that it is necessary to examine the improvement.

A Study on Fire Spread Prevention of Building using Combusitible Exterior (가연성 외장재를 사용한 건축물의 화재확대방지에 관한 연구)

  • Park, SungHa;Kwon, YoungJin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2018.05a
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    • pp.149-150
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    • 2018
  • Recently, a large fire has occurred through a dry bit, which is a flammable exterior material, in Daebong Green Apartment Fire in Uijeongbu in 2015 and Jecheon Sports Center Fire in 2017. In this study, KS F ISO 5660-1 Cone calorimeter experiment was used to examine the fire risk of dry bit. Also, the performance of the repair and reinforcement materials to prevent fire expansion was examined. As a result, the dry bit is likely to be ignited by internal and external flower gardens, and its combustion rate and calorific value are very high. In addition, the performance of heat resistance such as ALC panel and ceramic board as a repair and reinforcement material has been proved. However, the insulation is expected to require further consideration.

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An Experimental Study on Characteristics of Sprinkler Head Activation in Low Growth Rate Fire (저성장속도 화재에서의 스프링클러 헤드 동작특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Choi, Yong-Seob;Yoon, Jong-Chil
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.26-35
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    • 2016
  • Sprinkler installations shall be operated at normal operating temperature of the atmosphere as a fire sprinkler head in any facility to control and extinguish the fire when the fire initially. Recently, however, some flush type quick response automatic sprinkler heads in slow fire place is a problem that can not be normal operation are raised. In this paper, by using the experimental model of the Apartment house of Commons and Cabinet burner size bedrooms fire conditions to form a slow growth rate and can supply more than 0.2 MPa pressure is the minimum pressure that can be applied inside the pipe in the field experiment was conducted. In the majority of experiments lush type quick response automatic sprinkler heads which is used in the country it was confirmed to be incompletely opened as the Cold Soldering occur. This phenomenon is likely to fail early fire suppression and control because they can cause the spread of fire and casualties needed to complement domestic product testing and type approval standards through additional research.

A Study on the Development of a Head for Prevent the Fire Spread of Exterior (외장재 연소확대방지용 헤드 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Min, Se-Hong;Kim, Mi-Suk;Jang, Young-Jin;Sa, Jae-Chun;Bae, Yeon-Jun;Lee, Jae-Moon
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.113-119
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    • 2012
  • In this research, in order to prevent spread of vertical flame from building exterior fire, A head was developed. The performance standards of Head development complied with NFPA 80A 7.7.4.3 (Recommended Practice for Protection of Buildings Exterior Fire Exposures) and the standards are applied to the discharge pressure was 0.05 MPa and the discharge flow rate was 60 l/min. The head was developed about applied to 0.05 MPa and 65 l/min through the process of the experiment of five times, it is processed from drencher head and used in domestic intended use and structure are quite different. An appropriate distances between the head and the head proved as the experimental results to within 3 m~5 m and it selectively applied to the design is being considered depending on the fire hazard strength.

An Experimental Study on the Effects of the Shape of a Drencher Head on the Characteristics of a Water Curtain (드렌처 헤드의 형상에 따른 수막특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Lee, Seung-Chul;Kim, Bong-Jun;Lee, Jae-Ou;Park, Chung-Hwa;Hwang, Cheol-Hong
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.86-93
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    • 2016
  • The effects of the shape of a drencher head on the flow characteristics and radiation attenuation of a water curtain, in order to prevent a fire spread, were experimentally studied. The distance (h) between the orifice exit and deflector and the diameter of deflector (D) were varied as the shape factors of the head, with the same orifice diameter (d). It was found that an increase in h leads to an increase in the water flow rate and spray angle. However, the change in the spray angle decreases with increasing D. Increasing D brings about a subtle increase in the water flow rate and a significant decrease in the spray angle. A larger value of D makes it possible to produce a flatter pattern of the water curtain, but reduces the uniformity of the droplets inside the spray angle. The mean droplet diameter decreases significantly as the operating pressure increases. However, the variation in the shape of the drencher head does not significantly affect the change in the mean diameter at the same operating pressure. Finally, it was found that the radiation attenuation afforded by the water curtain at the same operating pressure was affected by water flow rate and droplet uniformity, which were determined by h and D, respectively.

Comparison of Two Different Smoke Extraction Schemes of Transversely Ventilated Tunnel Fire

  • Rie, Dong-Ho;Kim, Hyung-Taek;Yoo, Ji-Oh;Shin, Hyun-Jun;Yoon, Sung-Wook
    • International Journal of Safety
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.30-35
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    • 2005
  • In case of tunnel fire, one of the most effective facilities to save lives is the smoke control system. In this study, two different smoke extraction schemes of transversely ventilated tunnel were compared. One is the smoke extraction using the fixed exhaust ports on the false ceiling to achieve the uniform and distributed smoke extraction (uniform exhaust). The other is that using the remote controlled smoke extraction where only vents close to the fire is opened whereas the others are closed to enhance the limitation of the smoke spread (localized exhaust). A number of numerical simulations were performed to find out the optimal smoke extraction rate at each smoke extraction scheme to allow the tunnel users to escape to the safe area without endangering their lives by smoke.

A study on the efficiency advancement for evacuation of the crews by ship structural improvement (선박 구조 개선을 통한 승무원의 피난 효율 향상을 위한 연구)

  • Kim, Wonouk;Lee, Myoungho;Kim, Jongsu
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • v.38 no.3
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    • pp.342-348
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    • 2014
  • Onshore great fires can normally be extinguished by firefighters using special firefighting equipment and its suitable method. However, offshore fires on the ships are to be extinguished by the crew without any supports from the onshore. Also, crews working on board are exposed to high risk of emergency evacuation due to the complicated structure arrangement of the ships and different accident types such as fire and ship collisions. As most of damage and loss of life in fire are associated with suffocation, shortening of evacuation time is an important factor to improve a survival rate. In this study, visibility in the accommodation area is analyzed by using the temperature and smoke flow which are obtained by the Fire Dynamic Simulator(FDS) as a Three-Dimensional Fire Analysis program to understand the survival rate of the crew upon the fire. The fire doors for most of ships are designed to close automatically when the fire alarm is activated. These automatic closing of the fire doors is a very effective system to delay the spread of flame and smoke flow for the unmanned spaces of the fire protected area. However, if the crew cannot escape within the estimated time, the crew inside the fire protected area will be damaged a lot. In this paper, the comparative analysis between the evacuations by using the fire door from the fire protected area and the suggested fire shielding structure in this study is carried out by the smoke flow rate and the temperature rise rate.

An Improvement of Fire Safety Code for Rack-Type Warehouse in Korea (국내 랙크식 창고의 방화관련 규정 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Woon-Hyung;Lee, Young-Jae
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.69-75
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    • 2014
  • Recently Amore pacific rack-type warehouse fire broke out and argue an urgent improvement of fire protection design code including automatic sprinkler and detection design. Various type of commodities have their unique fire characteristics from fire spread rate and heat lease rate and fire hazard depends on storage height, rack arrangement, aisle width, fire load etc. With increasing ceiling height for more storage space prevent effective water spray of sprinkler head, also delays detection time causes failure of early suppression. To achieve fire protection code performance of this occupancy, Major code articles relating to a classification of commodity, sprinkler system installation, detection and fire fighting are reviewed and suggested based on fire case analysis, code review between country and field survey.

Study on the Combustion Characteristics of Flammable materials and Combustion Accelerants in an Arson (방화 범죄에서 가연성 물질과 연소촉진제의 연소 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Hye-Jeong;Nam, Ki-Hun;Kim, Kwang-Il
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.7-11
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study is to recognize the necessity for the management of the available materials in cases of arsons and to prevent arson gaining an understanding of the combustion characteristics of the flammable materials and combustion accelerants in arson cases. We investigated and analyzed the statistical data on arsons and selected flammable materials (wood, paper, synthetic textiles, synthetic resins), and combustion accelerants (gasoline, diesel, solvent) that are frequently used in cases of arson. We conducted a thermogravimetric analysis to assess the thermal properties of the flammable materials. Also, we conducted burning and flame spread rate tests for the purpose of comparing and analyzing the combustion characteristics of the flammable materials and combustion accelerants.