• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.1570-1575
• /
• 2004

In order to evaluate the performance of fire-fighting agents used to protect structures from heat and fire damages, the thermal characteristics of fire-protection foams are experimentally investigated. The current research focuses on the destruction of a fire-fighting foam subjected to heat radiation. A simple repeatable test for fire-protection foams subjected to fire radiation is developed. This test involves foam generation equipment, a fire source for heat generation, repeatable test procedures, and data acquisition techniques. Results of the experimental procedure indicated that each thermocouple within the foam responded in a similar manner and gradually to a temperature of $15^{\circ}C{\sim}20^{\circ}C$. At this point, each trace generally rises to a temperature of approximately $90^{\circ}C$. The temperature gradient in the foam as time passes increases with increased foam expansion ratio. In addition, it is determined that the temperature gradient along the foam for depth decreases with increased foam expansion ratio.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 2010

Foam concentrate is used for fire-extinguishing purposes, occurring foam, mixed with air. In huge oil-fire or the efficiency of fire-extinguishing with small quantity of water, Foam concentrate is used widely. However, perfluorooc tanoicsulfonate and nonylpenol that are included in Foam concentrate could be exposure in danger while they were discharged. The purpose of the research is the development of environment-friendly high expansion foam that exclude the dangerous substances and improvement of danger of the existing foam concentrate. The developed foam is analyzed as the environment-friendly foam in indexes of the environment-toxicity, the biodegradation appraisal, and the dangerous substances-detecting. In addition, the performances of expansion rate, discharge rate, and fire-extinguishing are suitable in the domestic regulation, so it is useful for fire-extinguishing in real fire situation.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2010

기계포소화약제는 다량의 물에 포소화약제 원액을 녹인 포수용액을 발포기에 의하여 기계적인 수단으로 공기와 혼합 교반하여 거품을 발생시키는 약제를 말한다. 다양한 설비(이동식, 고정자동식) 적용성, 대형의 유류화재 적합, 대량.연속 생산이 가능한 약제의 특수성 및 장기보관이 가능한 특징이 있어 이에 대한 개발 및 연구가 꾸준히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 포소화약제는 주변의 온도 및 운용조건에 따라 발포력의 변화가 큰 특징이 있어 실제 겨울철 소방 활동시에는 사용을 자제하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 소화활동시 온도가 발포력에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 이를 활용하여 소방차에 적용 가능한 시스템을 개발하였다. 결과로 기준 약제 혼합비인 3.0%일 경우 온도차에 따라 최대 30.08%의 발포성능차가 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 자동 혼합 시스템의 적용성을 분석한 결과 설계값과 실제실험값의 오차가 최대 0.012%로 나타남에 따라 해당 시스템의 적용성이 확보된 것으로 판단되었다.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.24-29
• /
• 2005

화재시 진화와 건물 보호에 이용되는 소화용 폼의 성능을 평가하기 위해 폼의 열적 특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 본 논문은 열복사에 노출된 소방용 폼의 소멸에 대한 연구이다. 화재시 노출된 소화용 폼의 특성을 조사하기 위한 간단하고 반복적인 실험이 가능한 실험장치를 제작하였다. 실험장치는 폼 생성장치, 복사열 발생장치, 데이터 획득장치로 구성하였다. 실험을 수행한 결과, 폼 내부 온도는 15℃～20℃까지는 유사한 양상을 보이다가 약 90℃까지 급격히 상승하였다. 시간경과에 따른 폼 내부의 온도 기울기는 비체적이 커짐에 따라 증가하였다. 또한 폼 깊이에 따른 온도 기울기는 폼 비체적이 커짐에 따라 감소하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국화재소방학회 1996년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 1996

Our goal was to make a cost-effective automatic fire extinguishing system for the engine compartment use of automobiles. We designed this system for the engine compartment. This system consists of 1)foam extinguisher, 2)four nozzles, 3)a pipe arrangement, and 4)an extinguishing device which is equipped with a glass bulb as detector. First and foremost, the extinguishing device was carefully designed to keep the system cost to a minimum. Second, a AFFF foam extinguisher was used because no other fire-fighting agents proved effective against fire in the engine compartment. The AFFF(Aqueous Film Forming Foam) agent which was used in the extinguisher is the 3M company's Light Water. We sought, however, to make other foams by using Halon 1301 and Halon alternatives such as HCFC Blend A, HFC-227ea. We selected these alternatives instead of air in order to raise the expansion ratio of the AFFF agent. By these means we discovered that it is possible to increase the expansion ration of the AFFF agent up to 44:1. We then demonstrated that our automatic fire extinguishing system is the most effective and lowest cost-system yet devised for passenger cars.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.423-432
• /
• 2018

대구지하철 화재사고가 발생한 이후에 국민의 안전에 대한 관심이 높아지고 열차 내부의 재료는 불연성 재질로 모두 변경되었지만 소화 설비에 관한 개발은 미비한 상태이다. 열차는 철판 재질로 둘러싸여 화재 시 일반적인 소화설비를 이용하면 소화하기 매우 어렵다. 본 논문은 실물화재 실험을 통하여 정차된 열차 화재를 압축공기포 소화설비를 활용하여 빠르고 손쉽게 소화할 수 있는 방안에 대하여 연구하였다. 구난역에 정차된 열차의 화재를 소화하기 위해서 창문 파괴장치를 이용하여 열차 유리창을 빠르게 파괴하고 압축공기포 소화설비를 열차 내부에 삽입하여 직접적으로 소화할 수 있도록 하였다. 창문 파괴장치를 이용하여 열차 유리창을 5초 만에 파괴하였으며, 압축공기포 소화설비를 열차 내부에 삽입하고 압축공기포를 방사하여 30초 만에 열방출량 11.88 MW 규모 화재를 진압하였다. 압축공기포 소화설비를 이용하여 화재 확산 방지와 터널 구조물 보호가 가능하도록 추가적인 실험 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.64-69
• /
• 1998

Three kinds of N-fluoroacyl carboxy pyridinium chlorides were synthesized by the reaction of pyridine-carboxylic acid such as pyridine-2-carboxylic, pyridine-3-carboxylic and pyridine-4-carboxylic acid with long chain perfluoroacyl chloride. The surface chemical properties including surface tension, foaming power, foam stability, effectiveness of wettability and solubilizing effect were measured. These compounds showed good surface activities as emulsifying agent, solubilizing agent and fire-fighting agent.

• 한국위험물학회지
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.18-26
• /
• 2014

We analyzed the demand of competent authorities requiring adequate technical information for initial investigation of chemical accidents. Reflecting technical reports on chemical accident response by environmental agencies in the U.S. and Canada, we presented information on environmental diffusion and toxic effects available for the first chemical accident response. Hydrogen fluoride may have the risk potential to corrode metals and cause serious burns and eye damages. In case of inhalation or intake, it could have severe health effects. The substance itself is inflammable, but once heated, it decomposes producing corrosive and toxic fume. In case of contact with water, it can produce toxic, corrosive, flammable or explosive gases and its solution, a strong acid, may react fiercely with a base. In case of hydrogen fluoride leak, the preventive measures are to decrease steam generation in exposed sites, prevent the transfer of vapor cloud and promptly respond using inflammable substances including calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ground limestone, dried soil, dry sand, vermiculite, fly ash and powder cement. The method for fire fighting is to suppress fire with manless hose stanchions or monitor nozzles by wearing the whole body protective clothing equipped with over-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus from distance. In case of transport accident accompanied with fire, evacuation distance is 1,600m radius. In cae of fire, fire suppression needs to be performed using dry chemicals, CO₂, water spray, water fog, and alcohol-resistance foam, etc. The major symptoms by exposure route are dyspnoea, bronchitis, chemical pneumonia and pulmonary edema for respiration, skin laceration, dermatitis, burn, frostbite and erythema for eyes, and nausea, diarrhea, stomachache, and tissue destruction for digestive organs. In atmosphere, its persistency is low, and its bioaccumulation in aquatic organism is also low.