• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.15-16
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• 2015

According to 2014 fire statistical yearbook in the National Fire Data System, a main cause of fire is electrical fire except carelessness fire. Joint/contact badness is the one of the main cause of electrical fire. Furthermore, power relays which are used in electric panel board, motor control center and automation controller, are main element of automation system in the industry field. Overload, voltage unbalance and open-phase due to joint/contact badness of terminal make electric accidents or electrical fires. In order to prevent joint/contact badness of terminal, this paper proposes a sensing circuit of chattering, tracking, arc current, voltage unbalance and open-phase etc. Some experimental tests of the proposed apparatus confirm practicality and validity of the theoretical results.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2019

Detecting wildfire using only color in image information is a very difficult issue. This paper proposes an algorithm to detect forest fire area by analyzing color and motion of the area in the video including forest fire. The proposed algorithm removes the background region using the Gaussian Mixture based background segmentation algorithm, which does not depend on the lighting conditions. In addition, the RGB channel is changed to an HSV channel to extract flame candidates based on color. The extracted flame candidates judge that it is not a flame if the area moves while labeling and tracking. If the flame candidate areas extracted in this way are in the same position for more than 2 minutes, it is regarded as flame. Experimental results using the implemented algorithm confirmed the validity.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2024

In this paper, as there are many cases of fires occurring due to the failure or inoperability of the thermostat of electronic products, the purpose is to test and analyze the risks and probabilities through fire cases and reproduction experiments, and suggest countermeasures. Among electronic products, water purifiers are composed of a refrigerant system with a compressor to make cold water, a heating device to make hot water, and an electric device used as an energy source. Due to the nature of the water purifier manufacturing, these devices are subject to a lot of moisture and dust. etc. exist in large quantities and use electrical energy, so there is a possibility of fire due to short circuit in the wire, electrical abnormal overheating (tracking phenomenon) in the thermostat, electronic board, starting relay, etc., and overheating of the heating device (Band Heater). there is. Therefore, in order to prevent fires from these devices, a system to remove foreign substances inside the water purifier is necessary, the use of heat-resistant (fire-resistant) wires for electrical devices is essential, and the use of non-combustible materials (semi-combustible materials) for each part is necessary to prevent fire. The risk must be eliminated through prevention and combustion expansion prevention devices.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.249-255
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• 2007

Under the situation of a fire, it is difficult for a rescue robot to use sensors such as vision sensor, ultrasonic sensor or laser distance sensor because of diffusion, refraction or block of light and sound by dense smoke. But, braille blocks that are installed for the visaully impaired at public places such as subway stations can be used as a map for autonomous mobile robot's localization and navigation. In this paper, we developed a laser sensor stan device which can detect braille blcoks in spite of dense smoke and integrated the device to the robot developed to carry out rescue mission in various hazardous disaster areas at KIST. We implemented MCL algorithm for robot's attitude estimation according to the scanned data and transformed a braille block map to a topological map and designed a nonlinear path tracking controller for autonomous navigation. From various simulations and experiments, we could verify that the developed laser sensor device and the proposed localization method are effective to autonomous tracking of braille blocks and the autonomous navigation robot system can be used for rescue under fire.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.06d
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• pp.495-498
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• 2007

USN은 각종 센서를 이용하여 무선으로 정보를 수집할 수 있도록 구성한 네트워크를 말한다. 수백개의 센서네트워크 노드를 사람이 접근 불가능한 취약지구에 설치하여, 사람이 감시하는 것과 같은 기능을 제공한다. Agilla는 USN 환경에서 무선 센서 네트워크를 위하여 설계된 운영체제인 TinyOS에서 동작하는 에이전트 기반의 미들웨어이다. 모바일 에이전트로 구성된 Agilla는 노드 자신이 가지고 있는 상태정보를 근접한 노드들에게 보냄으로서 무선 네트워크 환경을 구성하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Agilla 미들웨어를 이용하여 빌딩이나 호텔과 같은 큰 건축물의 화재를 감시하고 추적하는 무선 네트워크 환경 구축을 설계하였다. 기존의 화재 감시 시스템의 기능을 확장하여 화재 발생시 화재의 감시 기능 뿐만 아니라, 화재의 위치 추적, 소방을 위한 최선의 경로 제공 및 대피자들에게 최선의 대피 경로를 제공한다.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.98-109
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• 2006

Fire control system(FCS) errors can be classified as hardware errors, filter prediction errors, effective ballistic function errors, and aiming errors. Among these errors, the filter prediction errors are the most significant error sources. To reduce them, a target future position calculation method using the acceleration estimate is suggested and it is compared with the constant velocity target prediction method. Simulation results show that the suggested method has better performance than the constant velocity prediction method. Target tracking algorithm is established with multiple target tracking filters based on IMM structure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.516-525
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• 2010

전기화재란 전기를 사용함에 있어 불안전하게 사용하여 전기가 점화원이 되어 발생하는 화재를 총칭하는 것으로 그동안 발생한 전기화재의 주요원인을 살펴보면, 단락(短絡 Short), 과부하(過負荷 Over load), 누전(漏電, Leakage current), 접속불량(接續不良, Bad connection), 정전스파크(spark), 트래킹(Tracking)이 주요원인으로 분석되었다. 전기화재에 의한 현장조사는 통전을 입증하는 것이 제일 중요한 관건이 되는 것이지만 화재로 많은 것들이 소실된 현장에서 이를 규명하기란 결코 쉬운 일이 아니다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 전기화재가 일반화재와 다른 주요 특징을 고찰하고 전기화재를 입증하기 위해 필요한 주요 발생요인에 대하여 관찰요령을 고찰하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2004

In Korea the number of forest fire occurrence and its damaged area have increased drastically and the plans for afforestation such as sound erosion control restoration and forestation have performed to restore for forest fire damaged area. In this study fire resistant forest was developed by selecting fire resistance tree species and applying GIS analysis, considering the characteristic of forest fire and location environment in forest fire damaged area along the east coast. Moreover, it showed the possibility of how spatial information technology such as virtual GIS could be applied during restoring forest fire damaged area and approaching landscape ecology researches. Especially the fire resistant forest was established by using GIS analysis against large scaled forest fires then the best forest arrangement was performed through this fire resistant forest species and 3D modeling in study area. In addition, the forest landscape was established through site index on passing years and then 3D topography and tracking simulation, which is very similar to real world, were constructed by using virtual GIS.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.159-169
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• 2024

This paper proposes a new real-time fire monitoring and evacuation navigation system by integrating Augmented Reality (AR) technology with Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The proposed system collects temperature data through IoT temperature measurement devices installed in buildings and automatically transmits it to a MySQL cloud database via an IoT platform, enabling real-time and accurate data monitoring. Subsequently, the real-time IoT data is visualized on a 3D building model generated through Building Information Modeling (BIM), and the model is represented in the real world using AR technology, allowing intuitive identification of the fire origin. Furthermore, by utilizing Vuforia engine's Device Tracking and Area Targets features, the system tracks the user's real-time location and employs an enhanced A^* algorithm to find the optimal evacuation route among multiple exits. The paper evaluates the proposed system's practicality and demonstrates its effectiveness in rapid and safe evacuation through user experiments based on various virtual fire scenarios.

• Architectural research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.155-162
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• 2020

Numerous scholars have explored the modeling, control, and optimization of energy systems in buildings, offering new insights about technology and environments that can advance industry innovation. Eye trackers deliver objective eye-gaze data about visual and attentional processes. Due to its flexibility, accuracy, and efficiency in research, eye tracking has a control scheme that makes measuring rapid eye movement in three-dimensional space possible (e.g., virtual reality, augmented reality). Because eye movement is an effective modality for digital interaction with a virtual environment, tracking how users scan a visual field and fix on various digital objects can help designers optimize building environments and materials. Although several scholars have conducted Virtual Reality studies in three-dimensional space, scholars have not agreed on a consistent way to analyze eye tracking data. We conducted eye tracking experiments using objects in three-dimensional space to find an objective way to process quantitative visual data. By applying a 12 × 12 grid framework for eye tracking analysis, we investigated how people gazed at objects in a virtual space wearing a headmounted display. The findings provide an empirical base for a standardized protocol for analyzing eye tracking data in the context of virtual environments.