• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2117-2124
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• 2012

이 연구는 119구급대의 병원 전 응급처치 실태와 교육현황을 파악하기 위해 2010년 5월 1일부터 8월 31일까지 구급대원 299명을 대상으로 하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 12.0 program으로 분석하였다. 119구급대원들의 전공분야는 응급구조학이 124명(41.5%)으로 가장 많았고, 소방관련학이 46명(15.4%), 간호학이 30명(10.0%), 보건관련학이 3명(1.0%), 기타가 96명(32.1%)이었다. 119구급대원들이 소지한 자격증으로는 1급 응급구조사가 114명(38.1%), 2급 응급구조사가 101명(33.8%), 소방 교육이수자가 42명(14.0%), 간호사가 28명(9.4%), 기타 14명(4.7%)순으로 나타났다. 시행한 응급처치 빈도로는 산소흡입(274건), 사지 고정(229건), 척추고정(229건), 외부출혈의 지혈(223건), 약물투여(7건), 정맥로 확보(4건)순으로 나타났다. 병원 전 응급처치 능력 향상을 위해서는 잘 훈련된 전문 인력의 구급차 탑승이 반드시 필요하고, 이를 위하여 응급구조사의 지속적인 충원이 이루어져야 하며, 실무중심의 교육훈련 프로그램 운영이 필요하다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.77-90
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• 2009

Civil complaints and lawsuits filed in the process of providing emergency medical service include fall accident on the way of carrying the patient, transfer consent, refusal and rejection of rescue request, range and behavior restriction of emergency medical technicians, false registry of logbook, neglect of duty and emergency patient, and violation of traffic laws on the way of dispatch to the scene of accident. This study suggested the measures by cases as follows. 1. The accidents on the way of carrying a patient could be divided into fall of patient and fall by paramedic's mistake. In the former case, damages caused by the ambulance's shaking must be notified to the patient and guardian and recommended to fasten seat belt, in the latter case, the plan of patient's posture, route of transport, rescue and equipments should be comfirmed before fixing the patient. 2. Transfer consent must be made as implied when the patient is unconscious under delusion and was not able to consent physically, and paramedic must take an action by his judgment and record details of services on logbook. 3. When a patient refused to transfer, get 'confirmation of transfer refusal' and inform him of refusal. Paramedic should receive the signature. In addition, in case of refusal, transfer request should be made after hearing doctor's opinion and it should be notified to transfer request and superintendent of fire station after making 'confirmation of transfer refusal'. 4. Emergency medical technicians should perform their duties within the range of services prescribed by Article 41 of Law of Emergency Medical Service and Article 33 of Its Enforcement Regulations and shall not make announcement of death. In case of reporting the death to guardian, it is desirable to use record data like ECG results. 5. The best way to have protection from legal problems is making and keeping the exact records of accident and patient. Paramedic should not mention his subjective opinion about the accident-related matter. He must record correctly and keep the original medical records. 6. As emergency medical technicians are responsible for taking care of emergency patients, they must contact a briefing room when they meet a difficult situation suddenly due to vehicle stop or treatment of other patients and then must have support from neighboring hospital and other safety centers. 7. Since the ambulance operator is responsible for safety and careful driving of ambulance, he must be careful when he violates traffic regulations unavoidably. The operator should drive slowly below 10km/h at an intersection and pass it after getting way from general vehicles driving from all directions.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2019

이 연구는 완강기 및 간이완강기의 설치 및 유지관리에 대해 지도 감독해야 할 책임이 있는 공무원을 대상으로 숙박시설의 화재발생시 완강기, 간이완강기의 인지 및 사용능력을 평가하기 위한 것으로 주요 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 완강기와 간이완강기를 구분할 수 있는 능력 비교에서 일반 행정직공무원 중 여성공무원의 대다수가 간이완강기 구분능력이 없기 때문에 이들의 완강기 구분 능력을 향상시켜서 유사시 추락 등 안전사고를 예방하기 위하여 안전체험관 등을 통해 정기적으로 교육을 받을 수 있도록 제도적 장치가 필요하다. 둘째, 성별과 직업별 간이완강기의 재사용여부를 직업별로 확인한 결과 소방공무원 절반정도를 제외한 대다수의 공무원이 간이완강기의 재사용 능력이 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 숙박시설의 각 실별로 추가로 설치해야 하는 피난 기구 중 간이완강기는 제외하고, 연속적으로 사용가능한 완강기만을 설치할 수 있도록 관련 법률을 재정비할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 완강기 최대부하 인지 능력은 소방공무원 직무별로 구조대원이 가장 높았으며, 소방행정요원이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 소방행정요원의 인지능력을 향상시키기 위해서는 소방학교에서 정기적으로 실시하는 지휘역량 교육 등 각종 집합교육에서 완강기에 대한 이론 및 실무교육을 강화할 필요가 있다. 마지막으로 실제 목격한 장소는 숙박시설이 가장 높게 나타나서 다른 시설보다 숙박시설 화재를 가상하여 완강기 체험교육을 실시하는 것이 교육효과가 높을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to reveal some factors of ROSC & survival for cardiac arrests from sport & leisure activities(CASLs). Methods : A retrospective study of the 1,341 out of hospital cardiac arrests(OHCAs) treated by EMS in Gyeonggi Provincial Fire and Disaster Headquarters from January to December in 2008 was conducted. The primary end-point was admission to emergency room. To clarify the factors through comparison of CASLs(n=58) with ROSCs & survivals(n=58), Answer Tree analysis for data mining with the CHAID algorithm was performed and alpha was set at .05. Mean, median, and percentile of time intervals, distances, and age on the 58 CASLs, 75 ROSCs, and 27 survivals(patients admitted to emergency room) were analysed. Results : Fourteen CASLs(24.1%), 41 ROSCs(54.7%), 16 survivals(59.3%) were treated with CPR within 5 min., and only 2 CASLs(3.4%), 11 ROSCs(14.7%), 10 survivals(37.0%) were treated with defilbrillation within 10 min. from arrest. If time recording from arrest to defilbrillation, the patients were classified 81.0%($X^2=9.83$, p=.005) into ROSCs & survivals. And the patients with no history, 100.0%($X^2=5.44$, p=.020). The other patients with no intention, 87.5%($X^2=7.00$, p=.024). Whereas the other patients with intention, treated with CPR after 4 min. from arrest were classified 67.2%($X^2=3.99$, p=.046) into CASLs. Conclusion : CPR within 4 minutes was the most important factor that discriminates between CASLs and ROSCs & survivals to record cardiac arrests-defilbrillation time. CPR within 4 min. from arrest, no history, and no intention were factors for improved ROSC & survival.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was cross-sectional study to examine the influence of job stress in 119 briefing room workers and aimed to provide the important basic materials for improving working conditions of 119 briefing room workers and further studies. Methods : This study selected 271 workers of 119 briefing room at National Emergency Management Agency and fire stations, metropolitan cities and provinces to examine the influences of job stress of 119 briefing room workers on depression. and as a result of analysis, the following conclusions. Results : 1) The whole average of job stress measure was 3.30. The highest area was interpersonal relationship factor as 3.41, 'job characteristic factor' as 3.36 and communication factor' as 3.01. 2) Total score of whole items of depression was 11.88 and showed slight depression level. 3) There was static correlation between job stress and depression(r=44.7, p= .000). There were statistically significant static correlations between job stress factor and depression(r= .388, p= .000), interpersonal relationship factor and depression(r= .471, p= .000), and communication factor and depression(r= .386, p= .000). 4) There was statistically significant difference in the influence of job stress on depression(B=8.575, p< .001). Influence of job stress on depression was explained as $R^2=.200$. When job stress factors as independent variables were input, interpersonal relationship factor(B=5.062, p< .001) had the greatest influence on depression and there was no statistically significant difference in communication factor(B=2.490, p< .05). Conclusions : It is considered that development of the various programs including program for getting rid of job stress of 119 briefing room workers and counseling program will be needed. particularly, factors such as human relationships and communication in the area of job stress must be the first priority.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.97-114
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• 2009

Purpose : This study was performed to identify the knowledge and educational wants for first-aid and its related factors of senior students in elementary schools. Methods : From July 11-25, 2008, this study surveyed 437 elementary school students using a structured questionnaire. Result : Of the study subjects, 47.6% of the subjects had experienced first-aid conditions 25.4% had injuries, 11.0% had indigestion, 10.5% had sprains, 6.2% had acute abdominal pains, 5.9% had brash, and 5.7% had fractures. The experience rates of first-aid conditions were significantly different according to gender, mothers' educational status, means of school attendance and amount of exercise. The experience rate of first-aid education was 71.4%. There was a significant difference with grade, and school reports. They had education about cardiopulmonary resuscitation (52.5%), injury treatment and desmology(48.7%) in a good order. The score of knowledge about first-aid was $13.95{\pm}4.1$ and it was converted on the basis of 100 points, the results were below 50points, and there was a significant difference in grades. Educational wants for first-aid was 64.3%, and as a result of multi-logistic regression analysis of characteristics relating to educational wants, there was a significant difference between gender, grade, mothers' educational status, and amount of exercise. Conclusion : The rate of first-aid experience of elementary school students was high, but as their recognition and knowledge on first-aid was low, the importance of first-aid education and educational wants should be reflected for practical and organized education.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.450-456
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• 2010

차세대 이동통신 시스템에서는 고속 패킷 서비스가 주요 기능으로 부각되고 있다. 이러한 고속 패킷 서비스의 경우 불 연속적인 데이터의 전송 및 비 대칭적 대이터 트래픽의 특성으로 인하여 D-CDMA 시스템에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 업링크에서는 적은 양의 데이터가 이동하지만, 다운링크의 경우 실시간 동영상의 전송, 파일 다운로드 등 대용량 데이터가 이동하게 되며 이러한 서비스를 위해서는 비대칭적 트래픽 특성을 갖는 데이터를 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 시스템이 요구된다. 3GPP의 TDD(Time Division Duplex) 방식은 CDMA를 기반으로 한 방식에 TDMA 개념을 도입하여 타임 슬롯의 적절한 할당을 통해 이러한 비대칭적 트래픽을 효율적으로 처리할 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. TD-CDMA 시스템의 특성을 고려하여 전송 프레임의 구성 방식, 물리채널 구조 및 채널 부호화 방식등에 대하여 고찰하였다. 또한 TD-CDMA 시스템에 HARQ 기법들을 비교하여 그 성능을 분석하였다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the operation of continuing education system and continuing education program for emergency medical technician in Korea, Japan and United States and develop reasonable operating scheme of continuing education and curriculum in order to provide the base data for the improvement of continuing education for the improved practice capability and its maintenance, Method: The overall review of continuing education for domestic 1st class emergency medical technician was performed and also the content of continuing education for Emergency Medical Technician - Paramedic in the United States and Paramedics of Fire Department with the license for the paramedic in Japan, have been analyzed through literature, books, articles, agencies' data, laws, and internet date. Result: Hours for domestic continuing education was 4-8 hours and it was only 3-11% compared to 72 hours in the United States and 128 hours in the Japan. And with respect to the types and methods of programs, there were differences both in quantity and quality. Conclusion: As an education, providing and supplementing the changed content and technical information for the improvement of the capability and qualification of emergency medical technician, selection of education hours and various continuing education should be continuously and regularly provided and conducted. The introduction of various continuing education system and programs for this is considered to be required.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2013

Purpose: This research project addressed the need to designing more safe and efficient interior of the future ambulance in Korea. Methods: The study sample contained 760 paramedics in 4 districts. Data was collected by using a revised and complemented questionnaire based on literature review. Results: In relation to the efficacy and safety of work, answers related to storage closet showed to be the highest, and the most difficult part of paramedic work in an ambulance was lurching. CPR is the most frequently used emergency care inside an ambulance, but 66% of the paramedics responded that accurate CPR is not possible during vehicle transfer. Safety belts are not worn for 82.8% of the time, because of discomfort (51.3%). 13.8% of the paramedics responded that stretchers are unstable, 29.5% had an experience of having patients fall off the stretcher inside an ambulance. There were comments on installing equipments to prevent noise, and assist communication. Conclusion: The suggested practical layout contains five main modifications 1. Developing specially designed belt is needed for paramedic safety & efficient work. 2. The seats are molded to be ergonomically friendly. 3. Equipments to secure the body and safety devices for CPR are needed. 4. System improvement for communication between the driver seat and paramedics is needed. 5. The stretchers are molded to be maximize efficiency and minimize injury.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.37-55
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for improving the response capacity of 119 EMS systems by analyzing the effects of particulate matter on cardio-cerebrovascular and respiratory symptoms in the pre-hospital stage. Methods: We examined 46,389 patients who transferred to the hospital with complaints of cardiopulmonary arrest and cardio-cerebrovascular and respiratory symptoms by 119 ambulances in Incheon from 2016 to 2018. Results: The probability of 119 emergency dispatch for patients with cardiopulmonary arrest increased 2.8-4.0% from the day of symptom onset until two days before hospital presentation as particulate matter 10㎛ or less in diameter(PM₁₀) increased by 10㎍/㎥ (OR=1.028; 95% CI=1.014-1.041, p=0.000, lag 0), (OR=1.040; 95% CI=1.024-1.056, p=0.000, lag 1), (OR=1.032; 95% CI=1.016-1.049, p=0.000, lag 2). Meanwhile, emergency dispatch increased 3.6-6.1% for PM_2.5 in creased by 10㎍/㎥ (OR=1.046; 95% CI=1.024-1.068, p=0.000, lag 0), (OR=1.061; 95% CI=1.035-1.088, p=.000, lag 1), and (OR=1.036; 95% CI=1.010-1.063, p=0.006, lag 2). Conclusion: Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who respond to 119 calls should rapidly and accurately evaluate patients and provide professional emergency care by identifying the characteristics of the vulnerable groups relative to particulate matter size. To prevent the occurrence and exacerbation of symptoms caused by particulate matter, EMTs should be prepared and equipped with a response system for high particulate matter in the EMS system.