• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

The use of modular buildings is increasing because of various advantages of modular buildings. But there are limits to apply modular buildings to medium-rise buildings because the building law provides only the specification criteria of the modular building with respect to the 1 hour fire resistance performance. This study was conducted to investigate 2 hours fire resistance performance of load bearing walls with steel studs in modular buildings by KS F 2257-1 and KS F 2257-4. After full scale tests, load bearing walls ensuring two hours fire resistance performance consist of at least 2 layers of fire resistance plaster boards of 19mm thickness or 3 layer of fire resistance plaster boards of thickness.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.13 no.6 s.58
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• pp.88-96
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• 2009

In this Study, FR-ECC(Fire Resistance Engineered Cementitious Composites) in which at same time it can improve the endurance and fire-resistance efficiency of a Structure was developed, and the experimental study such as thermal characteristic, Fire-resistance efficiency, and etc was performed for using FR-ECC as the repair materials for building and civil Structure. Moreover, it was evaluated about the field applicability of FR-ECC. As a result, FR-ECC is superior to the existence fire resistance repair mortar in strength and durability property. Also, FR-ECC was exposed to have the characteristic of being excellent than existence fire resistance mortar in the field applicability.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.185-195
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• 2017

In recent years, unexpected bridge fire accidents have increased because of augmenting the number of traffic volumes and hazardous materials by the increment in traffics and distribution business. Furthermore, in accordance with the effort of using the under space of bridges, the ratio of occupied by combustible materials like oil tanker or lorry has been increased. As a result, the occurrence of bridge fire has been growing drastically. In order to mitigate the accident of bridge fire, risk assessment of bridge fire has been studied, however, practical risk models considering safety from users' viewpoints were scarce. This study represented quantitative risk assessment model applicable to national road bridges in Korea. The primary factors with significant impacts on bridge fire accidents was chosen such as clearance height, materials of bridges, arrival time of fire truck and fire intensity. The selected factors were used for Fire Dynamics Simulation (FDS) and the peak temperature calculated by FDS in accordance with the fire duration and fire intensity. The risk assessment model in bridge fire reflected the FDS analysis results, the fire damage criteria, and the grade of fire truck arrival time was established. Response plans for bridge fire accidents according to the risk assessment output has been discussed. Lastly, distances between bridges and fire stations were calculated by GIS network analysis. Based on the suggested assessment model and methodology, sample bridges were selected and graded for the risk assessment.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.49-54
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• 2009

The aim of the study intends to investigate the recognition of fire safety of traditional market employee in Masan city and to provide the base data for the fire safety. The results of the study are as follows. The traditional market employee have high interest in fire safety and recognize that the possibility of fire is high in market. The traditional market employee of 46.0% takes fire safety education and preferred self-government merchant association in market as education place. This study shows that the traditional market employee of 41.5% recognize a fire escape route. In order to prevent the fire of traditional market, the strong activity of market fire staff and the periodic fire inspection of fire department are recommended.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.58-63
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• 2014

Fire-resistance paints are supposed to become intumescent and diminish heat transfer along the steel frames in case of a fire. If unsatisfactory fire-resistance paints which do not satisfy their standard specification are used, it may result in a severe disaster. Because satisfactory fire-resistance paints are hardly discriminated from the unsatisfactory ones by a simple visual inspection, more reliable and convenient onsite evaluation methods are necessary. Here we report the preliminary study result on the fire safety testing method for fire-resistance paints using an X-ray analysis method. It was found that the existence and quantity of effective constituents in fire-resistance paints can be detected by the X-ray analysis method. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses showed that P and Cl elements are much more enriched in fire-resistance paints, compared to normal paints. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that ammonium polyphosphate is present as the main crystalline material in fire-resistance paints, but absent in normal paints. The X-ray analysis method is expected to be used for the onsite inspection of fire-resistance paints with the upcoming availability of portable XRF and XRD instruments.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

The definition of an apartment is a building more than 5 stories high and which is the standard law. Currently, the number of apartments is increasing much faster than detached houses. Owning an apartment is a normal trend these days. However, the increasing number of apartments has been increasing the number of apartment fires which also has been making social problems. Therefore, this study was conducted for the fire extinguisher among other fire facilities because it is important for initial fire suppression. The research subject is on the fire extinguisher that is in the underground parking lot of 40 apartment complexes which are more than 10 stories. Survey and analysis were conducted for 80 fire extinguishers. There are two fire extinguishers for each apartment. The result of this study is that all installed fire extinguishers are ABC dry chemical type, 92% of them is 3.3kg and that meet the legal height(less than 1.5m). However, the condition such as appearance, inspection, manufactured year, appearance of signs, material of signs, size of signs, etc. was insufficiency. So improvement of law and system that are fire facility construction, maintenance implementation and additional designation of type approval about sign will be needed in my opinion.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.177-197
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• 2018

This paper presents a case study about the damages on the structural elements of a cast in place reinforced concrete (RC) building after a big fire which was able to be controlled after six hours. The fire broke off at the $2^{nd}$ basement floor of the building, which has five basements, one ground, and two normal floors. As a result of intensely stocked ignitable materials, it spread out to the all of the upstairs. In visual inspection, most of the typical fire damages were observed (such as spalling, net-like cracks, crumbled plasters, bared or visible reinforcement). Also, failures of the $2^{nd}$ basement columns were encountered. It has been concluded that the severity failures of the columns at the $2^{nd}$ basement caused utterly deformation of the building, which is responsible for the massive damages on the beam-column connections. All of the observed damages were categorized related to the types and presented separated regarding the floors. Besides to the visual inspection, the numerical analysis was run to verify the observed damaged on the building for columns, beams, and the connection regions. It is concluded from the study that several parameters such as duration of the fire, level of the temperature influence on the damages to the RC building. Also, it is highlighted by the study that if the damaged building is considered on the overall structural system, it is not able to satisfy the minimum service requirements neither gravity loads nor earthquake conditions.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.118-122
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• 2010

The study presents a standard time-temperature curve to evaluate the fire performance of subway tunnel structures. The central subway section is 135km long in Korea, the fourth longest in the world. The number of subway tunnels has been increasing rapidly and fire risk is proportional to the tunnel length. However, an adequate time-temperature curve for subway tunnel fires does not exist. Therefore, we studied a proposed foreign fire design model for which the heat rate is based on the traffic, and we present an appropriate time-temperature curve for Korean subway tunnels. The ISO 834 curve was used as a fire design model and the temperature distribution in the tunnel was estimated using numerical analysis. This led to a proposal for effective measures against subway tunnel fires.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.196-200
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• 2010

The number of railway tunnels has been increasing rapidly. Although fires in long railway tunnels are rare, the consequences can be devastating. Prior to this study, there were no adequate time-temperature curves for the fire safety assessment of Korean railway tunnels. We studied a standard foreign time-temperature curve for which the heat rate is based on the traffic and the types of vehicles. We then proposed a hydrocarbon curve as a fire design model for railway tunnels in Korea. We examined the implications of this proposed model on railway tunnel structures using numerical analysis.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.4 s.64
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• pp.98-104
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• 2006

The Fire Protection Regulatory documents require the fire-resistive rating of fire barrier penetration seals be same as that of fire barriers. Pilot application of penetration seal evaluation for K nuclear plant, built before penetration seal requirements were made, was done. In this evaluation, visual inspection and estimating fire rating by comparing installed configuration with tested configuration of penetration seals, called bounding approach method, were applied. Further improvements for retrofit and maintenance are recommended with penetration seal evaluation results also. The practical use of the methodology adopted in this study and the evaluation result of K nuclear plant will be anticipated for other plant's penetration seal evaluation.