• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.14-19
• /
• 2014

A current standard exist only on the surface tension in the current domestic wetting agent technology standards, so it is difficult to the performance evaluation of the wetting agent through the standard. So this study presents the optimized performance evaluation methods by scale model experimental equipment in order to present techniques for performance evaluation of wetting agents. The purpose of this study is to investigate validity of experimental results of the self-designed scale model experiment equipment by a comparative analysis of experimental results of the NFPA 18 experiment and the experiment using the self-designed scale model experiment equipment. As a result of a comparative analysis of experimental results of the NFPA 18 experiment that evaluate only the permeation performance on the contton and the experiment using the self-designed scale model experiment equipment that evaluate the permeation performance and fire extinguishing performance on wood flour, the discrimination of the permeation performance was confirmed in both the NFPA 18 experiment and the self-designed scale model experiment equipment. And a result of self-designed experiment equipment have clear discriminatory more than NFPA 18 by internal temperature measurement using the thermocouples.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.52-59
• /
• 2012

The sprinkler system is regarded as the most effective fire extinguishing system. In this study, we proposed a sprinkler layout optimization framework based on fire simulation and mathematical programming. As a case study, the target space in the form of ordinary residence was set up with the size of $5.2m(L){\times}5.4m(W){\times}2.4m(H)$, and we constructed the fire scenario that polyurethane couch was ignited through carelessness. And we simulated and analyzed fire speed, temperature change and heat release rate according to the type and number of sprinklers installed. Through the formulation of installation and damage costs depending on sprinklers, the sprinkler layout showing optimal performance was resulted from mathematical programming.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2022

Fire damage time in high-rise buildings and wildland fire increasing every year. The use of high-pressure fire pumps is required to effectively extinguish fires. Reflecting the curvature effect of the fire hose occurring at the actual fire fighting site, this study provides a database of pressure drop, discharge velocity and maximum discharge height through C FD numerical analysis and it can provide using standards for fire extinguishing. Two Reynolds numbers of 200000 and 400000 were numerically analyzed at 0° -180° bending with water of 25℃ as a working fluid in hoses with a diameter of 65mm, a length of 15m, and a radius of curvature of 130mm. Realizable k-ε turbulence model was used and standard wall function was used. The pressure drop increases as the bending angle increases, and the maximum value at 90° and then decreases. The increasing rate is greater than the decrease. The velocity of the secondary flow also decreases after having the maximum value at 90°. The decreasing rate is greater than the increase. The turbulent kinetic energy increases to 120° and decreases with the maximum value. Pressure drop, velocity of the secondary flow, and turbulence kinetic energy are measured larger in the second bending region than in the first bending region.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study is based on the detailed inspection data for the last 6 years of fire-fighting high ladder vehicles, fire-fighting inflected ladder vehicles, fire-fighting chemical vehicles and fire-fighting pump vehicles used in front-line fire departments. The purpose is to contribute to the technological development of fire-fighting vehicles by grasping the implementation status of each city and province, the rate of defects, and the occurrence of defects by year. Method: The implementation status by city and province, defect incidence rate, and defect occurrences by year were analyzed. Result: From 2012 to 2017, when the average of 230 or more overhaul vehicles was requested, the results of each city/province show slight fluctuations, but the number of defects gradually decreased due to the old fire-fighting vehicle replacement project and the response of fire vehicle manufacturers. Conclusion: In the case of fire-fighting ladders, the incidence rate of defects was found to be in the order of elevator device, electric device, ladder device, and pneumatic supply device. And in the case of the fire fighting ladder, it was confirmed that the incidence of defects appeared in the order of the refractive ladder, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic oil, and pneumatic supply device. In the case of fire-fighting chemical vehicles, it was confirmed that defects occurred in the powder fire extinguishing device, fire pump, vacuum pump, and pneumatic supply device.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2016

In this study, to determine whether it is possible to apply Polyethylene (PE) compound pipe, which was developed to solve the problem caused by the corrosion of the fire protection piping currently in usein water based fire extinguishing systems, we performed an actual mockup fire test. Since no test standard was available related to the developed compound pipe, we compared and analyzed domestic and international technical materials and test standards and selected suitable fire test standards to evaluate the performance of the PE compound pipe. we applied two fire test standards to the PE compound pipe, viz. those for CPVC and metallic pipes, and conducted a total of 6 experiments to evaluate its performance. According to the results of the first and second fire tests based on the test standard for the CPVC pipe, neither the fitting nor the piping was damaged or deformed and no leakage was observed in the pressure test, which was performed for 5 minutes. For the fire test based on the metallic pipe test standard, a total of 4 experiments were conducted. The first two experiments were conducted to simulate the wet piping system. In the results of this fire test, neither leakage nor rupture was observed from the PE compound pipe and no damage was caused, such as the secession of the PE material. However, in the next two experiments, which simulated the dry system, the PE compound pipe suffered damage and rupture, including deformation before the fire fighting water was discharged. Therefore, we found that the piping performance of the PE compound pipe did not undergo any deterioration, including fusion, deformation, or damage, in the wet piping system simulated fire test.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2015

In Korea, measures to maintain sustainable fire safety performance for apartment buildings are insufficient in terms of fire-fighting products, skilled personnel, and maintenance status. Also, because of the particular features of a fire compartment, it has structural problems that are very likely to cause damage to human life when a fire occurs. Currently, problems with the fire supervisory system installed in an apartment building cannot be checked in real time, so it is difficult to identify the location of a fire accurately. Protected areas are also not assigned to each household, and residents cannot be clearly informed of the occurrence of a fire. As a consequence, safety evacuation cannot be secured. In addition, it is impossible to test the operation performance for water detectors in sprinkler fire extinguishing systems outside of the household. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of a remote fire supervisory system. The results show that the system satisfies all performance requirements. Also, an household alarm system was installed in each household to alert of any occurrence of a fire accurately, and the performance of the alarm system was improved to ensure that residents were quickly evacuated.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.62-68
• /
• 2010

The present study purposed to develop the water mist package system for the cultural properties fire prevention and fire suppression system through analyzing fire protection system and cultural property's characteristic, and to suggest directions for the development of cultural property fire prevention system in the future. Maximum safety with minimum damage has issued a main objective in fire protection of the cultural property in Korea. Two types of the water mist nozzles having a low pressure had been developed by KEI. The one is for inside using in wooden cultural properties, the flow rate is 30~35 l/min and the discharging pressure is 13~14 bar. The other one is for out-side of wooden properties, the flow rate is 25~30 l/min and the discharging pressure is 14~15 bar. To evaluate the nozzles performance test, we made the fire scenario and full-scale model of wooden cultural properties for fire test. The size of full-scale model was 4.9 m length, 4 m wide, 6.6 m height, all was made by wooden. This real fire test results showed that the low pressure water mist nozzles having a $200{\mu}m$ dour size were very effectively fire extinguishing and suppression on wooden cultural properties fire. Even though the oil fuel fire was not extinguished, the fire suppression effects for the during mobilization of fire brigade was enough.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.98-105
• /
• 2016

A fire risk assessment in rack-type warehouse is typically determined based on the following factors: 1. flammability and fire loads for storage of goods, packing materials, and pallet, 2. a ceiling height of warehouse indoor spaces, and 3. height, arrangement, and spacing for storage racks. For appropriately extinguishing and protecting the fire in warehouses, therefore, it is necessary to classify combustibles considering the previously mentioned factors and to develop design Standards for sprinkler system. As the first step to apply automatic sprinkler system to domestic warehouses, this study investigated characteristics for commodity distribution and warehouse configuration using 28 warehouses in five distribution complexes located in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. In addition, this study analyzed Standards for commodity distribution adopted in USA, Europe, and Japan. Using the field survey analysis, this study was aimed to provide baseline data to prepare for Commodity Classification Standard for warehouses in South Korea.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2011

This paper deals with the quick and precise disaster prevention automation system (DPAS) based on information communication technology (IT) that detects fire and disasters in the building automatically and quickly and then activates the facilities to extinguish fire and disasters, monitoring such situation in a real time through wire-wireless communication network. The proposed DPAS is applied a programmable logic controller (PLC) of one-chip type which is smallsize and lightweight and also has highly sensitive-precise reliabilities. The one-chip type PLC analyzes detected signals from sensors in a case of fire and disasters, then activates fire extinguishing facilities for rapid suppression. The detected data is also transferred to a remote situation room through wire-wireless network of RS232c and bluetooth communication. The transferred data sounds an emergency alarm signal, and operates a monitoring program. The proposed DPAS based on IT will minimize the life and wealth loss from rapid measures while prevents fire and disasters.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.10 no.10
• /
• pp.123-127
• /
• 2020

In order to obtain the overall fire line information of medium and large forest fires at night, the ground control system was developed to determine whether forest fires occurred through real-time video clips and to calculate the location of the forest fires determined using the location of drones, angle information of video cameras, and altitude information on the map to reduce the time required for regular video matches obtained after the completion of the mission. To verify the reliability of the developed function, the error distance of the aiming position information of the flight altitude star and the image camera was measured, and the location information within the reliable range was displayed on the map. As the function developed in this paper allows real-time identification of multiple locations of forest fires, it is expected that overall fire line information for the establishment of forest fire extinguishing measures will be obtained more quickly.