• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.441-442
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• 2022

코로나19의 영향으로 최근 국내에서는 야외 야영장에서의 캠핑을 즐기는 사람들이 크게 증가하였으며, 이와 더불어 최근 야외 캠핑장의 화재 발생 건수가 크게 증가하는 추세에 있다. 캠핑장과 같은 야영장 영업허가를 얻기 위해서는 「관광진흥법 시행규칙」에 따라 소화기를 적정하게 확보 배치해야만 하는 허가 기준이 존재하며, 그 기준은 야영장 2개소 또는 100미터제곱마다 소화기 1개 이상 설치하도록 되어있다. 그럼에도 화재가 많이 발생하는 이유로는 소화기가 설치되어있다는 것에 대한 인지 부족이라 생각된다. 한편, 야외에 설치되는 소화기는 상대적으로 그 유지관리가 어려울 것이라 판단된다. 따라서 본 프로젝트에서는 무게가 무겁지 않아 아이들과 노인들도 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 휴대용 소화기구, 사용 시 환경의 오염이 적은 소화기구, 여행객의 감성을 한층 증가시켜줄 수 있는 소화기구, 유지관리가 편리한 소화기구의 개발을 목적으로 하였다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.705-715
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• 2017

In this study, applicability of compressed air form (CAF) fire water was verified in a bid to use the undersea effluent as fire water. Foam collector was fabricated in accordance with KS B ISO 7203-1 (Specification for low expansion foam concentrates for top application to water-immiscible liquids) and the test was conducted using fresh water as fire water for 19 times and using seawater as fire water 15 times that totaled 34 times. Foam reduction time was 237.73 seconds on average with fresh water and 215.60 seconds with seawater, which proved the applicability of CAF fire water using seawater. Besides, window breaker was fabricated to directly extinguish the fire in train and a full-scale fire test was conducted three times. At the final 3rd test, window glass was broken in 2 seconds to make the hole for fire extinguishing and suppressed the fire in 3 seconds using CAF fire extinguisher.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.291-294
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• 2002

The reactions of triplet oxygen atom with halomethanes as a potential fire extinguisher were studied by a discharge flow-chemiluminescence imaging method. The experiments were carried out under second order conditions. The bimolecular atom-molecule reaction rate constants were determined in terms of the initial rate method. The initial concentration of oxygen atom was also determined under second order rate law instead of the pseudo-first order conditions with $[O(^3P)]_0{\ll}[sample]_0$. The second order conditions were more reliable than pseudo-first order conditions for the determinations of rate constants. The rate constants of the reactions $CF_3I\;+\;O(^3P)$, $CH_3PI\;+\'O(^3P)$, and $CHBrCl_2\;+\;O(^3P)$ were determined to be $5.0\;{\times}\;10^{-12}$ , $1.1\;×\;0^{-11}$ , and $1.9\;{\times}\;10^{-14}cm^3molecule^{-1}s^{-1}$, respectively.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2014

The test system for the performance of the water-mist extinguishing system in the railway vehicle is equipped and the details of the system are introduced. The three scenarios using different fire sources and performance criteria for the water-mist systems on railway vehicles are also introduced. Three different type of the nozzle at same operating pressure are evaluated. Amount of water-mist distribution is measured by many baskets on the bottom of the test room. Temperature on the ceil and the tree of the test room is measured during the tests that are used for the judgement of the performance on the water-mist extinguishing system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.187-189
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 승용자동차에 대한 소화기 비치 필요성 및 소화기의 효용성 및 적정성에 대해 평가하고자 한다. 이를 위해 소방청 국가화재정보센터에 입력된 차량화재를 분석하였으며, 국외 자동차용 소화기 비치기준을 조사하였다. 또한, 자동차를 대상으로 한 시뮬레이션 선행연구 결과를 분석하여 다른 차종에 비해 승용자동차의 위험도가 가장 높다. 한편, 기존의 시뮬레이션 연구결과를 분석해보면 소화기를 이용한 초기진화가 가능한 황금시간은 실내화재 시 2분, 엔진룸화재 시 약 7분 정도임을 알 수 있다. 이는 승용자동차 화재 시 소화기를 이용한 초기소화가 절실하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 승용자동차 화재로부터 국민의 안전과 재산을 보호하고 국내 자동차 안전환경 및 자동차 안전기준을 국제기준에 맞춰 국제 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해서는 승용자동차에 소화기 비치를 의무화할 필요성이 있다.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.423-427
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• 2010

Land fire receives additional extinguishing methods easily by professional extinguisher. But because of isolation and independence from land when sailing on the sea, ships are difficult to get special help from land. Generally, the death ratio by suffocation is higher than the death rate by flame and to reduce suffocation death ratio, fast evacuation is required. This paper aims to improve survival ratio at ship fires by soot density reduction. This study examines soot density and visibility using FDS. And also examines evacuation time by Pathfinder. The FDS(Fire Dynamic Simulator) is a 3 zone model(Field Model) analysis tool and the patherfinder is a useful analysis tool for evacuation. This research examined about evacuation time using the current regulations of the ship's corridor width and exit width first. And then studied evacuation time again when ship's structure was changed according to the method that is proposed in this paper. And finally compared the results each other.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.33-39
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• 2017

Composite panel refers to the particular plywood produced in a way of stacking the different kinds of material in sandwich form and adhering them using adhesives and is widely used as building material for its constructability and cost efficiency. But as the surface is finished with steel plate, fire extinguishing agent cannot reach to the core material because of such steel plate on surface which causes the difficulties in suppressing the fire as well as in fire-fighting activities due to collapse. This study, to deal with such problem, is intended to set the fire pipe in core material to prevent the fire from spreading and in a bid to achieve this using minimized fire water, water supply test device was fabricated to estimate the required water flow of fire extinguisher and consequently, optimal water flow (0.5 L/min) was determined through a full-scale fire test.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.103-110
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• 2016

While the demand for the gas system fire extinguishers increases every year, there are insufficient safety measures for assessing the extinguishing performance, such as system safety and reliability in the preparation of increasing demand, which has emerged as a social problem. One of the most critical causes of accidents occurring with the gas extinguishing system is pressure leakage from the extinguishing agent storage container. This is considered to be one of the critical factors on which the success of fire suppression depends. In this study, its safety measure was studied, Because it was deemed urgently necessary. The newly developed pressure leakage monitoring system is a system monitoring storage condition, pressure, leakage and discharge of the storage container related to agent concentration, which is one of the critical factors for fire suppression. This was developed to be applicable to the $CO_2$ and HFC-23 systems. Therefore, for structural safety analysis, the safety performance was verified by the fluid structure coupling analysis of the safety problems that may occur when the pressure leakage monitoring system is applied to the gas fire extinguisher. For analysis programs, the FloEFD program from Mentor Graphics was used for computational fluid dynamics analysis and ABAQUS from Dassault Systems was used for structural analysis. From the result of numerical analysis, the structure of $CO_2$ did not develop plastic deformation and its safety was verified. However, plastic deformation and deviation issue occurred with the HFC-23 monitoring system and therefore verified the structural safety of pressure leakage monitoring system by data obtained from redesigning and adjusting the condition of numerical interpretation three times.

• The magazine of the Korean Society for Advanced Composite Structures
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.26-31
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• 2014

This invention is purposed to provide an innovative solution for the inside of roof structures, which is cultural assets. The Asian old houses generally have several layered roofs on top of the structures. If a fire has started inside of the roof, it is hard to be extinguished before eliminating all the upper layers of the roof. This invention provides pre constructed embedded pipes, which is flammable and easy to be dissolved by the fire. The material of pipe is composed of rubbers, of which the combustion point is so low that the extinguishing of initial fire is possible without additional fire service. The inside of pipe is filled with halon gas. If the filled gas is consumed after ignited by fire, additional fire extinguishing water is supplied. If the flexible pipes are totally combusted by a big fire, the sprinkler at the end of inflexible pipe will work continuously, which is located between flexible and inflexible pipes. The extinguishing pipe network is suggested as dividing whole roof as multiple sections for a swift fire extinguishing in case of intentional or natural fire attack to our invaluable cultural assets.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.356-359
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• 2018

This case report attempts to present a case of acute toxic hepatitis in fire extinguisher manufacturing workers exposed to 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoro-ethane (HCFC-123) in August 2017 in Korea. Twenty-two-year-old male workers were exposed to HCFC-123 for 1.5 hours one day and for 2.5 hours the other day, after which one worker died, and the other recovered after treatment. The workers were diagnosed with acute toxicity of hepatitis. However, exposure levels of HCFC-123 were not known with no work environment measurement done. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the exposure concentration of HCFC-123 via a job simulation experiment. In the simulation, the HCFC-123 exposure concentration was measured with the same working practice and working time as with the workers aforementioned. As a result, the workers who infused HCFC-123 into storage tanks were estimated to be exposed to HCFC-123 at a concentration of $20.65{\pm}10.81ppm$, and a mean concentration of area samples within a working radius were estimated as $70.30{\pm}18.10ppm$. Valve assembly workers working on valves of a fire extinguisher filled with HCFC-123 were exposed to HCFC-123 at concentrations of $91.65{\pm}4.03ppm$ and $115.55{\pm}7.28ppm$, respectively, in the simulation, and area samples simulated within the working radius were also found to be high with concentrations of $122.75{\pm}91.15ppm$ and $126.80{\pm}60.25ppm$, respectively. Nitrogen gas packing workers, who did not handle HCFC-123 directly, were exposed to the agent at a concentration of $71.80{\pm}8.49ppm$. These results suggest that exposure to HCFC-123 at high concentrations for 1.5-2.5 hours caused acute toxic hepatitis in two workers.