• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.100-104
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• 2013

Background: The aim of this study was to assess public and private medical diagnostic laboratories in Nigeria for the presence of biosafety equipment, devices, and measures. Methods: A total of 80 diagnostic laboratories in biosafety level 3 were assessed for the presence of biosafety equipment, devices, and compliance rate with biosafety practices. A detailed questionnaire and checklist was used to obtain the relevant information from enlisted laboratories. Results: The results showed the presence of an isolated unit for microbiological work, leak-proof working benches, self-closing doors, emergency exits, fire extinguisher(s), autoclaves, and hand washing sinks in 21.3%, 71.3%, 15.0%, 1.3%, 11.3%, 82.5%, and 67.5%, respectively, of all laboratories surveyed. It was observed that public diagnostic laboratories were significantly more likely to have an isolated unit for microbiological work (p = 0.001), hand washing sink (p = 0.003), and an autoclave ($p{\leq}0.001$) than private ones. Routine use of hand gloves, biosafety cabinet, and a first aid box was observed in 35.0%, 20.0%, and 2.5%, respectively, of all laboratories examined. Written standard operating procedures, biosafety manuals, and biohazard signs on door entrances were observed in 6.3%, 1.3%, and 3.8%, respectively, of all audited laboratories. No biosafety officer(s) or records of previous spills, or injuries and accidents, were observed in all diagnostic laboratories studied. Conclusion: In all laboratories (public and private) surveyed, marked deficiencies were observed in the area of administrative control responsible for implementing biosafety. Increased emphasis on provision of biosafety devices and compliance with standard codes of practices issued by relevant authorities is strongly advocated.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.179-213
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• 1984

The history of recording and conserving for maintenance the human's memory from ancient times to modern's has brought about a lot of changing process of the recorded information media with developing in culture, and each society has made important recorded materials in his library as essentially the social apparatus. But most of them that were damaged by factors of the natural disaster, humidity, temperature, light, fungi and insects in the library, and were resulted in deterioration and losing the numerous materials. For removing the inevitable phases repeated, there are studying for counterplan of the fundamental environment factors about preservation, restoration and chemical research of materials in advanced countries, but I get a few researches about protecting the cultural properties. Therefore I research the survey of the actual conditions on 72 university libraries centering around them, and then I have researched the collection rate 81 percent, 58 university libraries. (local : 35, in seoul : 23) As the result of this research, I propose the model of the environment factors of conserving the library materials. 1) To apply the equipment of processing the radiant energy to the new construction and buildings. 2) To remove factors that occur fungi and insects by facilities being controlled relative humility, temperature, and to equip the ventilation arrangement in the library. 3) To shelve all acquired and bound materials after proceeding the vacuum fumigator. 4) Those who want to enter into the library stack were surely taken in sterilzing their hands and shoes, and must put on the gown. 5) To use the vacuum dusting thing (machine) for removing the dust without spreading out the floor of the library at any time. 6) To set up the gas automatic fire extinguisher worked by smoke sensor. 7) To assist the research into the preservation, natures and environment of recorded materials, and to supply financial funds for librarian. 8) To hold regularly the workshop be able to educate the methods of preservation materials by the constant system. (Library Association) 9) To add to responsibilities on certification of preservation materials for librarian. 10) To hold the constant committee system in each library. 11) To keep up with the ideal environment (humidity, temperature, light, ventilation, etc.) of preservation materials in the arrangement room, and to put on the gown.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.471-483
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• 1994

시험용기가 1.7㎥가 되는 소규모 나트륨화재 실험 시설을 건설하여 나트륨 관련시설에서 발생가능한 풀형화재, 분무형화재, 그리고 원주형화재와 같은 나트륨화재 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 풀형화재는 나트륨 주입량에 비하여 온도 및 압력 증가치가 분무형화재와 원주형화재보다 훨씬 작지만 상당기간 나트륨풀과 용기안의 온도를 높게 유지시키며 나트륨 주입량이 많을 경우 용기내의 산소를 거의 소모시켜 용기안의 산소농도를 0mol%에 근접시키고 진공 상태까지 이르게 하였다. 분무형화재는 분산된 작은 나트륨이 순간적으로 산소와 반응하여 급격히 용기내의 온도와 압력을 증가시키며 곧 감소하였다. 분무형 화재의 최고 도달온도와 압력은 초기 산소농도 그리고 나트륨 주입온도에 따라 크게 다름을 보여 주었다. 원주형화재는 분무형화재와 거의 유사하지만 좀 더 많은 양의 나트륨을 시험용기내에 주입시켜도 최고 도달 온도와 압력이 분무형보다 작았다. 그리고 분무형화재와 원주형화재에서는 풀형화재에 비하여 순간적으로 분산된 나트륨이 산화하여 용기내의 측정위치에 따라 온도분포가 크게 다름을 보여주었다. 끝으로, 풀형화재 소화실험에서는 소화제 graphex가 효과적으로 나트륨 화재를 진화시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.