• Computers and Concrete
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.527-539
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• 2019

In this paper, the fracture characteristics of concrete specimens with different notch depths under three-point flexural loads are studied by finite element and fracture mechanics methods. Firstly, the concrete beams (the size is 700×100×150 mm) with different notch depths (a=30 mm, 45 mm, 60 mm and 75 mm respectively) are tested to study the influence of notch depths on the mechanical properties of concrete. Subsequently, the concrete beams with notch depth of 60 mm are loaded at different loading rates to study the influence of loading rates on the fracture characteristics, and digital image correlation (DIC) is used to monitor the strain nephogram at different loading rates. The test results show that the flexural characteristics of the beams are influenced by notch depths, and the bearing capacity and ductility of the concrete decrease with the increase of notch depths. Moreover, the peak load of concrete beam gradually increases with the increase of loading rate. Then, the fracture energy of the beams is accurately calculated by tail-modeling method and the bilinear softening constitutive model of fracture behavior is determined by using the modified fracture energy. Finally, the bilinear softening constitutive function is embedded into the finite element (FE) model for numerical simulation. Through the comparison of the test results and finite element analysis, the bilinear softening model determined by the tail-modeling method can be used to predict the fracture behavior of concrete beams under different notch depths and loading rates.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.303-312
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• 2013

Purpose: In this research, non-linear three dimensional finite element models with contact elements were constructed. For the investigations of the distributions of contact stresses, 3 units fixed partial dentures model were studied, especially on the interface of the gold screw and cylinder, abutment screw. Methods: 3 types of models were constructed ; the basic fixed partial denture in molar region with 3 units and 3 implants, the intermediate pontic fixed partial denture model with 3 units and 2 implants, and the extension pontic fixed partial denture model with 3 units and 2 implants. For all types, the external loading due to chewing was simulated by applying $45^{\circ}$ linguo-buccal loading of 300 N to the medial crown. For the simulation of the clamping force which clinically occurs due to the torque, thermal expansion was provided to the cylinder as a preload. Results: Under 300 N concentrated loading to the medial crown, the maximum contact stress between abutment screw and gold screw was 86.85~175.86MPa without preload, while the maximum contact stress on the same area was 25.59~57.84MPa with preload. Conclusion: The preloading affected the outcomes of the finite element stress analysis. Reflecting the clinical conditions, the preloading conditions should be considered for other practical study utilizing FEA. For the study of the contact stresses and related motions, various conditions, such as frictional coefficient changes, gap between contact surfaces, were also varied and analyzed.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2021

이 연구에서는 강봉 트러스 시스템으로 보강된 조적벽체의 내진거동을 합리적으로 평가하기 위하여 범용프로그램인 Abaqus를 이용한 비선형 유한요소해석 절차를 제시하였다. 조적벽체의 유한요소 모델은 콘크리트 손상 소성(concrete damaged plasticity, CDP)모델 및 벽돌-모르타르 계면 특성은 Yang et al.이 제시한 조적 프리즘의 압축 및 인장의 응력-변형률 모델과 전단마찰모델을 기반으로 메소-스케일법을 적용하였다. 유한요소 해석결과를 다양한 변수조건에서 실험결과와 비교한 결과, 강봉 트러스 시스템으로 보강된 조적벽체의 균열진전, 파괴 모드, 강체회전 내력 및 최대내력 그리고 횡하중-횡변위 관계에 대한 실험결과와 잘 일치하였다. 따라서 제시된 유한요소해석 절차는 조적벽체의 내진보강 설계에 합리적으로 이용될 수 있다고 판단된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.287-298
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• 2017

The present study aims to determine the structural response of full scaled rectangular columns under both of vertical and lateral loads using numerical methods. In the study, the composite columns considering full concrete filled circular steel tube (FCFRST) and concrete filled double-skin rectangular steel tube (CFDSRST) section types are numerically modelled using ANSYS software. Vertical and lateral loads are applied to models to assess the structural response of the composite elements. Also similar investigations are done for reinforced concrete rectangular (RCR) columns to compare the results with those of composite elements. The analyses of the systems are statically performed for both linear and nonlinear materials. In linear static analyses, both of vertical and lateral loads are applied to models as only one step. However in nonlinear analyses, while vertical loads are applied to model as only one step, lateral loads are applied to systems as step by step. The displacement and stress changes in some critical nodes and sections and contour diagrams are reported by graphs and figures. At the end of the study, it is demonstrated that the nonlinear models reveal more accurate result then those of linear models. Also, it is highlighted that composite columns provide more and more safety, ductility compared to reinforced concrete column.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1989

본 연구에서는 비파시 시험 및 구조해석에 의한 포장구조계상태의 판단 및 유지관리시스템에 이용하고자 포장구조계의 여러 해석방법을 구조거동면에서 분석하였다. 해석대상으로는 4층 구조체로 된 포장구조계를 택하여 3차원 유한요소, 평면변형률 유한요소, 판과 Winkler 기초, 판과 Burmister 기초로 해석을 실시하였다. 각 해석 방법에 따른 수치해석 결과는 변위와 응력을 기준으로 비교 분석하였다. 각 해석 방법의 장단점을 분석한 후 그 결과 Burmister 기초해석방법이 수치해석이 용이하며 콘크리트 포장구조체의 구조적인 거동과 가장 비슷하므로 포장구조체의 변위 및 응력해석에 가장 효용적인 방법이라는 결론을 얻었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.153-176
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• 2003

From the equation of motion of a "bare" non-uniform beam (without any concentrated elements), an eigenfunction in term of four unknown integration constants can be obtained. When the last eigenfunction is substituted into the three compatible equations, one force-equilibrium equation, one governing equation for each attaching point of the concentrated element, and the boundary equations for the two ends of the beam, a matrix equation of the form [B]{C} = {0} is obtained. The solution of |B| = 0 (where ${\mid}{\cdot}{\mid}$ denotes a determinant) will give the "exact" natural frequencies of the "constrained" beam (carrying any number of point masses or/and concentrated springs) and the substitution of each corresponding values of {C} into the associated eigenfunction for each attaching point will determine the corresponding mode shapes. Since the order of [B] is 4n + 4, where n is the total number of point masses and concentrated springs, the "explicit" mathematical expression for the existing approach becomes lengthily intractable if n > 2. The "numerical assembly method"(NAM) introduced in this paper aims at improving the last drawback of the existing approach. The "exact"solutions in this paper refer to the numerical results obtained from the "continuum" models for the classical analytical approaches rather than from the "discretized" ones for the conventional finite element methods.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 평면배열 수중 음향 트랜스듀서 내 소자들간의 상호간섭을 저감시키기 위한 다양한 구조적 방안을 제안하고, 각 방안의 효용성을 유한 요소해석을 통해 분석하였다. 그 결과, 소자들 사이의 커프의 깊이는 깊을수록, 커프의 너비는 넓을수록, 커프 충진재의 탄성계수는 낮을수록 상호간섭 저감 효과가 높게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 평면배열형 수중 음향 트랜스듀서의 성능을 극대화시키기 위한 구조 설계에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2023

This paper studied the effect of soil-structure interaction (SSI) on the seismic response and retrofit of a reinforced concrete structure with a soft-first story for different soil types. A 5-story structure built on a 30m deep homogeneous soil mass was considered as a case study structure, and steel column jacketing and steel bracing were chosen as seismic retrofit methods. Seismic responses of a fixed-base and a flexible base structure subjected to seven scaled earthquake records were obtained using the software OpenSees to investigate the effect of soil on seismic response and retrofit. The nonlinearBeamColumn elements with the fiber sections were used to simulate the nonlinear behavior of the beams and columns. Soil properties were defined based on shear wave velocity according to categorized site classes defined in ASCE-7. The finite element model of the soil was made using isoparametric four-noded quadrilateral elements and the nonlinear dynamic responses of the combined system of soil and structure were calculated in the OpenSees. The analysis results indicate that the soil-structure interaction plays an important role in the seismic performance and retrofit of a structure with a soft-first story. It was observed that column steel jacketing was effective in the retrofit of the model structure on a fixed base, whereas stronger retrofit measures such as steel bracing were needed when soil-structure interaction was considered.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.367-375
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• 2023

Composite materials, known for their excellent mechanical properties and lightweight characteristics, are applied in various engineering fields. Recently, efforts have been made to develop an automotive battery protection panel using a plain-woven composite composed of glass fiber and polypropylene to reduce the weight of automobiles. However, excessive warpage occurs during the GF/PP compression molding process, which makes car assembly challenging. This study aims to develop a model that predicts the warpage during the compression molding process. Obtaining out-of-plane properties such as elastic or shear modulus, essential for predicting warpages, is tricky. Existing mechanical methods also have limitations in calculating these properties for woven composite materials. To address this issue, finite element analysis is conducted using representative volume elements (RVE) for woven composite materials. A warpage prediction model is developed based on the estimated physical properties of GF/PP composite materials obtained through representative volume elements. This model is expected to be used for reducing warpages in the compression molding process.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2001

과학위성 1호 원자외선 분광기(FIMS)는 인공위성 발사 및 궤도 운영시 경험하는 환경하에서 기계구조적인 안정성과 광학적 성능의 저하를 최소화하도록 설계되어야 한다. 이를 위하여 원자외선 분광기의 광학 성능과 직접적으로 관련되어 있는 회절격자 및 최절격자 마운트의 구조 및 열변형에 대한 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 회절격자 마운트의 고유진동수를 100 Hz 이상 유지하면서 발사시 겪게되는 준 정적 하중에 의한 응력이 회절격자에 직접 전달되지 않고 회절격자 마운트에 의해 상쇄될 수 있도록 하였다. 또한, 온도 변화에 의한 회절격자에 미치는 영향을 계산하기 위하여 시간변화에 따른 분석 및 정적 해석을 수행하였으며, 회절격자 마운트에 의하여 회절격자에 작용하는 열적 변형 및 응력을 충분히 감쇄시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. 온도 변화에 의한 광학 성능의 변화는 허용오차 범위내에 있음을 알 수 있었다.