• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.449-466
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• 2019

Cable-stayed bridges are attractive due to their beauty, reducing material consumption, less harm to the environment and so on, in comparison with other kinds of bridges. As a massive structure with long period and low damping (0.3 to 2%) under many dynamic loads, these bridges are susceptible to fatigue, serviceability disorder, damage or even collapse. Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) is a suitable controlling system to reduce the vibrations and prevent the threats in such bridges. In this paper, Multi Tuned Mass Damper (MTMD) system is added to the Ahvaz cable stayed Bridge in Iran, to reduce its seismic vibrations. First, the bridge is modeled in SAP2000 followed with result verification. Dead and live loads and the moving loads have been assigned to the bridge. Then the finite element model is developed in OpenSees, with the goal of running a nonlinear time-history analysis. Three far-field and three near-field earthquake records are imposed to the model after scaling to the PGA of 0.25 g, 0.4 g, 0.55 g and 0.7 g. Two MTMD systems, passive and active, with the number of TMDs from 1 to 8, are placed in specific points of the main span of bridge, adding a total mass ratio of 1 to 10% to the bridge. The parameters of the TMDs are optimized using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Also, the optimum force for active control is achieved by Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC). The results showed that the maximum displacement of the center of the bridge main span reduced 33% and 48% respectively by adding passive and active MTMD systems. The RMS of displacement reduced 37% and 47%, the velocity 36% and 42% and also the base shear in pylons, 27% and 47%, respectively by adding passive and active systems, in the best cases.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.169-185
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• 2022

The urbanization and increasing rate of population demands effective means of transportation system (basement and tunnels) as well as high-rise building (resting on piled foundation) for accommodation. Therefore, it unavoidable to construct basements (i.e., excavation) nearby piled foundation. Since the basement excavation inevitably induces soil movement and stress changes in the ground, it may cause differential settlements to nearby piled raft foundation. To understand settlement and load transfer mechanism in the piled raft due to excavation-induced stress release, numerical parametric studies are carried out in this study. The effects of excavation depths (i.e., formation level) relative to piled raft were investigated by simulating the excavation near the pile shaft (i.e., H_e/L_p=0.67), next to (H_e/L_p=1.00) and below the pile toe (H_e/L_p=1.33). In addition, effects of sand density and raft fixity condition were investigated. The computed results have revealed that the induced settlement, tilting, pile lateral movement and load transfer mechanism in the piled raft depends upon the embedded depth of the diaphragm wall. Additional settlement of the piled raft due to excavation can be account for apparent loss of load carrying capacity of the piled raft (ALPC). The highest apparent loss of piled raft capacity ALPC (on the account of induced piled raft settlement) of 50% was calculated in in case of H_e/L_p = 1.33. Furthermore, the induced settlement decreased with increasing the relative density from 30% to 90%. On the contrary, the tilting of the raft increases in denser ground. The larger bending moment and lateral force was induced at the piled heads in fixed and pinned raft condition.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.154-166
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• 2023

This study establishes a numerical analysis model of the finite element overhung rotor supported by a DTRB and describes the stiffness properties of the DTRB. The vibration characteristics and contact pressure of the RBR system are predicted according to the DTRB support characteristics such as the initial axial compression and roller profile. The stiffness of the DTRB significantly varies depending on the initial axial compression and external load owing to the occurrence of rollers under the no-load condition and increase in the Hertz contact force. The increase in the initial axial compression increases the rigidity of the DTRB, thereby reducing the displacement of the RBR system and simultaneously increasing the natural frequency. However, above a certain initial axial compression, the effect becomes insignificant, and an excessive increase in the initial axial compression increases the contact pressure. The roller crowning radius, which gives a curvature in the longitudinal direction of the roller, decreases the displacement of the RBR system and increases the natural frequency as the value increases. However, an increase in the crowning radius increases the edge stress, causing a negative effect in terms of the contact pressure. These results show that the DTRB support characteristics required for reducing the vibration and contact pressure of the RBR system supported by the DTRB can be designed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권2호
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• pp.261-276
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• 2023

The use of the ordinary double nut (i.e., ODN) composed of a master nut (i.e., M-nut) and a slave nut (i.e., S-nut) is a highly efficient method to prevent bolts loosening. A novel double nut (i.e., FODN) composed of a master nut (i.e., M-nut) and flat slave nut (i.e., FS-nut) is proposed to save raw materials. The bolt fastening tests with single nut, ODN and FODN are performed to investigate the preload and counterbalance forces. Corresponding finite element analysis (FEA) models are established and validated by comparing the preload with the experimental results. The load-bearing capacity, the extrusion effect, and the contact stress of each engaged thread for ODN and FODN are observed by FEA. The experimental and simulated results revealed that the bolt fastening with double-nut has different load-transferring mechanisms from single-nut. Nevertheless, for double-nut/bolt assemblies, the FS-nut can provide load transfer that is like that of the S-nut, and the FODN is a reasonable and reliable fastening method. Furthermore, based on the theory of Yamamoto, a formula considering the extrusion effect is proposed to calculate the preload distribution of the double-nut, which is applicable to varying thicknesses of slave-nuts in double-nut/bolt assemblies.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.317-331
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• 2023

The buckling-restrained braced frames with eccentric configurations (BRBFECs) are stable cyclic behavior and high energy absorption capacity. Furthermore, they have an architectural advantage for creating openings like eccentrically braced frames (EBFs). In the present study, it has been suggested to use the performance-based plastic design (PBPD) method to calculate the design base shear of the BRBFEC systems. Moreover, in this study, to reduce the required steel material, it has been suggested to use the performance-based practical design (PBPD) method instead of the force-based design (FBD) method for the design of this system. The 3-, 6-, and 9-story buildings with the BRBFEC system were designed, and the finite element models were modeled. The seismic performance of the models was investigated using two suits of ground motions representing the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) and design basis earthquake (DBE) seismic hazard levels. The results showed that the models designed with the suggested method, which had lower weights compared to those designed with the FBD method, had a desirable seismic performance in terms of maximum story drift and ductility demand under earthquakes at both MCE and DBE seismic hazard levels. This suggests that the steel weights of the structures designed with the PBPD method are about 13% to 18% lesser than the FBD method. However, the residual drifts in these models were higher than those in the models designed with the FBD method. Also, in earthquakes at the DBE hazard level, the residual drifts in all models except the PBPD-6s and PBPD-9s models were less than the allowable reparability limit.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권6_3호
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• pp.1315-1323
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• 2023

Rehabilitation assistive devices not only assist the rehabilitation therapy and daily life of the disabled and the elderly, but also assist the labor of their caregivers, so various functions are required to improve their quality of life. In this study, a design method considering its practicality is introduced for an active rehabilitation assistive device that can perform both standing and walking assistance by driving various actuators. For this purpose, the force required to assist standing was calculated using statics with the body segmentation method. Also, the overturning stability of the device was verified for various physical conditions and postures. The actuator in the active rehabilitation assistive device was operated by a patient using a graphical user interface in an embedded computer and a touch panel for easy usage. The detailed design was performed for implementation through the help of 3D-CAD and the finite element analysis, and a prototype was produced. Finally, it was proven that the design goal was satisfied by experimental validation.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2013

콘크리트궤도가 부설된 철도교량 단부의 궤도구성품(레일 및 체결구)에는 교량 단부회전에 의해 상향력 및 압축력과 같은 궤도-교량의 상호작용력이 작용하여 손상 및 성능저하가 유발된다. 이러한 교량의 휨거동에 기인한 단부 궤도의 상호작용에 따른 문제를 해결하고자 본 연구에서는 횡단궤도시스템을 개발하고 그 성능을 입증하였다. 횡단궤도시스템의 구조안정성 검토를 위해 3차원 유한요소해석을 통한 시간이력해석을 실시하고 그 결과를 독일의 성능요구조건 및 관련기준과 비교하였다. 또한, 교량-궤도 상호작용 분석을 위한 시험체를 제작하여 실내시험을 수행하고 횡단궤도시스템의 적용 효과를 평가하였다. 연구결과 횡단궤도시스템의 정, 동적 구조안정성 및 횡단궤도 적용 후 교량 단부 궤도의 상호작용력(레일변위, 레일저부응력 및 체결구 응력)이 크게 저감될 수 있음을 실험적으로 입증하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.825-836
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• 2022

건물이나 구조물 증축 시 사용되는 마이크로파일은 추가하중의 일부만을 지지하여 기존 말뚝의 경우 허용지지력을 초과하는 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 건물의 하중을 마이크로파일에 분배하고자 선압축 공법을 적용하였고, 정착성능을 개선한 웨지형 정착장치의 적용성을 확인하고자 실내재하시험을 수행하였다. 시험결과, 정착장치의 최대변형률은 항복변형률의 0.63배였고, 웨지와 콘크리트 사이 슬립발생량은 0.11 mm로 구조적인 기준을 만족하였다. 또한, 지반범용 해석프로그램인 MIDAS GTS를 활용하여 선행 압축하중, 토사층 두께, 선단 지반조건이 기존 말뚝과 마이크로파일의 반력에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 해석결과, 선압축 하중의 크기가 증가할수록 기존말뚝의 반력이 감소하여 최대 36 %의 저감효과를 보였다. 토사층 두께가 5 m 증가됨에 따라 반력저감률은 4 % 감소하였고, 마이크로파일의 선단이 풍화암에 놓일 경우 풍화토와 비교하여 반력저감율이 14 % 증가하였다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.581-596
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• 1999

하악 우측 제1대구치 및 제2대구치가 손실된 2급하악 후방연장 국소의치에서 무치악 부위 지대치 유도면의 기울기와 형태가 지지조직에 미치는 응력 및 변위를 비교 분석하기 위하여 3차원 유한요소법을 이용하여 알아보았다. Kratochvil 형태의 유도면의 기울기가 잔존치조제에 대하여 $90^{\circ}$인 경우, $95^{\circ}$인 경우, 그리고 $100^{\circ}$인 경우와 Krol형태의 유도면의 기울기가 $90^{\circ}$인 경우에 있어서 제2소구치를 지대치로 하고 RPI형태의 유지장치를 사용하는 경우를 가정하여 모델링한 다음 제1대구치 및 제2대구치의 중심와에 150N의 하중을 가하여 응력 및 변위에 대하여 실험한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Kratochvil의 유도면 형태 중 기울기가 $90^{\circ}$인 경우와 Krol의 유도면 형태에서는 유사한 응력 분포를 나타내었으며 특히 지대치에서 치근단 방향으로 응력이 향하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 유도면의 기울기가 $95^{\circ}$인 경우에서는 지대치의 치근단 부위에 응력이 증가하면서 근심방향으로 향하였으며, $100^{\circ}$인 경우에서는 치근단의 응력이 협측 및 근협측 방향으로 집중되어 나타났다. 3. 유도면의 기울기가 $90^{\circ}$인 경우에서는 지대치의치근이 조금 시계방향으로 비틀리는 양상으로 나타났으며, Krol의 유도면 형태에서는 지대치가 치근단 부위에서는 원설측으로 치경부에서는 근협측으로 변위되었다. 4. 유도면의 기울기가 $95^{\circ}$인 경우에서는 지대치의 치근은 치근단 부위에서 근설측으로 약간 변위되었고 치경부 방향으로 갈수록 반시계 방향으로 비틀리면서 보다 많이 변위되었으며, $100^{\circ}$인 경우에서는 지대치 치근단에서는 근협측으로 변위되었고 치경부방향으로 갈수록 시계방향으로 비틀리면서 보다 많이 변위되었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.207-233
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• 2023

Steel-concrete composite box girder bridges are widely used in the construction of highway and railway bridges both domestically and abroad due to their advantages of being light weight and having a large spanning ability and very large torsional rigidity. Composite box girder bridges exhibit the effects of shear lag, restrained torsion, distortion and interface bidirectional slip under various loads during operation. As one of the most commonly used calculation tools in bridge engineering analysis, one-dimensional models offer the advantages of high calculation efficiency and strong stability. Currently, research on the one-dimensional model of composite beams mainly focuses on simulating interface longitudinal slip and the shear lag effect. There are relatively few studies on the one-dimensional model which can consider the effects of restrained torsion, distortion and interface transverse slip. Additionally, there are few studies on vehicle-bridge integrated systems where a one-dimensional model is used as a tool that only considers the calculations of natural frequency, mode and moving load conditions to study the dynamic response of composite beams. Some scholars have established a dynamic analysis model of a coupled composite beam bridge-train system, but where the composite beam is only simulated using a Euler beam or Timoshenko beam. As a result, it is impossible to comprehensively consider multiple complex force effects, such as shear lag, restrained torsion, distortion and interface bidirectional slip of composite beams. In this paper, a 27 DOF vehicle rigid body model is used to simulate train operation. A two-node 26 DOF finite beam element with composed box beams considering the effects of shear lag, restrained torsion, distortion and interface bidirectional slip is proposed. The dynamic analysis model of the coupled composite box girder bridge-train system is constructed based on the wheel-rail contact relationship of vertical close-fitting and lateral linear creeping slip. Furthermore, the accuracy of the dynamic analysis model is verified via the measured dynamic response data of a practical composite box girder bridge. Finally, the dynamic analysis model is applied in order to study the influence of various mechanical effects on the dynamic performance of the vehicle-bridge system.