• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1609-1616
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• 2005

Ninety advanced Catla catla fingerlings (av. wt. 16 g) were randomly distributed in six treatment groups with three replicates each for an experimental period of 60 days to study the effect of dietary lipid source on growth, enzyme activities and immuno-hematological parameters. Six isoprotein (40.0-41.9%) and isocaloric (4,260 kcal $kg^{-1}$) semi-purified diets were prepared with varying levels of soybean oil (SBO) and cod liver oil (CLO) within a total of 8% lipid viz., $D_1$ (Control), $D_2$ (8% SBO), $D_3$ (6% SBO and 2% CLO), $D_4$ (4% SBO and 4% CLO), $D_5$ (2% SBO and 6% CLO) and $D_6$ (8% CLO). Highest SGR was noted in $D_5$ (0.73${\pm}$0.03) group, which was similar with $D_3$ (0.71${\pm}$0.02) and $D_4$ (0.69${\pm}$0.01) groups. Activity of intestinal lipase, hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) of the lipid treatment groups were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control group. The respiratory burst activity of the phagocytes (Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)) was highest in $D_2$ (1.95${\pm}$0.21) followed by $D_3$ (1.19${\pm}$0.15) group, which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the other groups. Globulin level was significantly higher in $D_3$ (1.29${\pm}$0.08) than in the other groups expect $D_4$. Hemoglobin content and total erythrocyte count did not show any significant difference. From this study, it is concluded that a diet containing 6% soybean oil and 2% cod liver oil ($D_3$) yields higher growth and immune response in Catla catla fingerlings and would be cost effective.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1661-1665
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• 2003

A feeding trial was conducted for 60 days to study the utilization of fruits processing wastes as feed ingredient in the diet of Labeo rohita fingerlings. One hundred and sixty fingerlings (av. body weight, $1.65g{\pm}0.03$) were equally distributed in four experimental groups having 4 replicates each. Four different experimental diets were prepared by replacing wheat flour and rice bran with either orange (T2) (Cirtus qurantium), pineapple (T3) (Ananas spp. and Pseudananas spp.) or sweet lime (T4) (Citrus sinensis) wastes to the basal diet along with the control (T1, without any fruit wastes) keeping the CP level at around 40%. The water quality parameters like DO, $CO_2$, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, ammonia and water temperature were recorded within the optimum range. The diet containing 25% pineapple wastes (T3) showed significantly higher growth in terms of SGR (1.50), FCR (2.09) and PER (1.19) than the other groups. However, growth of T4 and T2 groups were not significantly different than the control group (T1). Protease activity (17.17 unit/mg protein), protein digestibility (91.57%) and carbohydrate digestibility (41.62%) were not significantly different among the different groups. Survival of the fingerlings were not significantly different among the experimental groups. It concludes that waste of orange, pineapple and sweet lime can be used at 25% level as a substitute of wheat flour and rice bran in the diet of Labeo rohita.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2007

인공 종묘 생산한 황복 (Takifugu obscurus)자어의 사육 중에 발생한 척추 변형의 원인을 조사하기 위하여 변형어를 병리조직학적으로 조사하였다. 척추 변형은 부화 후 80일령의 황복으로 변형의 발생율은 전체 사육 미수의 약 90%였다. 변형어를 soft-X ray로 촬영한 결과 부레의 팽창은 정상적이었으며, 병리조직학적으로는 변형이 발생한 척추 주변의 근섬유 다발이 소형화되면서 모양도 불규칙하게 변하였다. 그러나 새변 연골은 뒤틀림이나 증생 등은 관찰되지 않았다. 척추 변형이 발생한 종묘 생산장에서는 일반적인 사육 방식보다 1-2일 정도 사육수를 빨리 순환시키면서 급이하고 있었는데, 그 후 황복이 무리를 형성하고 나서, 급이하면서 사육수를 환수한 결과 변형의 발생은 없었다. 병어의 조직학적 변화를 사육방식과 더불어 고찰하였을 때, 유영 능력이 불완전한 황복에 급이하면서 사육수를 환수시킴으로써 황복이 먹이를 섭취하기 위하여 수류에 저항하면서 유영한 것이 척추 변형의 원인으로 작용하였을 것으로 생각한다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2015

We studied the effects of the proprietary prebiotic Immunogen$^{(R)}$ on the growth, hematology and gut microbiota of common carp fingerlings. A basal diet was formulated using common feed ingredients and supplemented with Immunogen$^{(R)}$ at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20 and $40g\;kg^{-1}$, each of which was tested experimentally on replicated groups of fish. The trials ran for 8 weeks. Common carp fingerlings with an initial weight of $4.82{\pm}0.05g$ were randomly distributed among the experimental tanks at a stocking density of 25 fish per tank. The experimental diets were provided thrice per day; on each occasion the fingerlings were given a weight of feed that amounted to 4% of fish biomass. At the end of the experimental period, we determined the growth performance, feed conversion ratio, hematological parameters, body composition and gut micro-flora parameters of the test fish. Inclusion of $5g\;kg^{-1}$Immunogen$^{(R)}$ in the diet significantly improved growth performance and feed utilization in comparison with controls. However, the whole-body composition of the fish was not significantly influenced by prebiotic inclusion. Inclusion of $5g\;kg^{-1}$ Immunogen$^{(R)}$ significantly increased the total bacterial and Lactobacillus counts in fish intestines, but these bacterial parameters were significantly negatively impacted by higher concentrations of the prebiotic. Red blood cells counts were increased by prebiotic dietary supplementation at concentrations of 5 and $10g\;kg^{-1}$ prebiotic. Glucose and cholesterol levels were elevated by administration of Immunogen$^{(R)}$. Thus, dietary supplementation with $5g\;kg^{-1}$ Immunogen$^{(R)}$ improved fingerling common carp growth performance and feed utilization, and beneficially influenced the gut microflora

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 1982

1981년 여름 폐쇄식 순환사육 장치에서 붉은 Tilapia정어를 잉어정어와 혼합하여 45일간 사육 실험을 행하여 그 성신 결과를 비교 검토하고 또한 호적조건의 노지에서 성장한 붉은 Tilapia정어의 성장과도 비교하여 보았다. 탱크는 대 부분의 실험기각동안 심한 식물성 Plank-ton의 대량 번식으로 수색이 짙은 녹색으로 유가되었으며, 사육장치 일부에는 개구리밥 (Lemma Sp.)과 배옥잠 (Water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes)을 번식시켰다. 실험기간 동안 탱크내에서의 총암모니아농도는 최저 3.4ppm에서 최고 11.2ppm까지 나타났으나 대개 $5\sim7ppm$범위로 유지되었다. 실험탱크내에서의 Tilapia의 일일평균 성장률은 1미의 폐사도 없이 $6.51\%$를 나타낸 반면 같은 탱크에서 사육한 잉어는 약간의 폐사와 함께 $3.61\%$로 저조했고, 또한 노지에서 사육한 Tilapia는 $5.77\%$ 를 나타내었다. 이번 사육실험에 사용한 사료는 잉어사료를 주었으며, U. G. F. (Unknown growth factr)를 감안하여 보조사료로서 사육장치 일부에서 번식시킨 개구리밥을 매일 일정양을 공급했다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2007

사육지별 치어의 수용마리수는 $1,003{\sim}1,865$천마리로 큰 차이를 나타냈고, 가랑이체장은 $3.20{\sim}3.78cm$, 체중은 $0.34{\sim}0.49g$의 크기를 나타냈다. 일일 평균 사육 수온은 사육 중반기인 1월에서 3월까지의 수온은 사육 초반기와 후반기에 비해 $2{\sim}3^{\circ}C$ 정도 낮아 성장에 부적합한 수온을 보였다. pH는 2월 초순에서 중순은 $6.0{\sim}6.3$, 2월 하순은 6.5, 3월은 $6.5{\sim}7.0$을 나타냈다. 시간대별 용존산소의 변화는 오전 6시 이후 급격히 감소하였으며, $8{\sim}18$시 사이에 최저값을 보였다. 18시 이후에는 급격히 증가하였고, 21시에서 06시까지는 최대값을 보였다. 시간대별 연어치어의 폐사율을 보면, 용존산소가 높은 야간보다 급격히 하강하는 오전 및 주간에 폐사율이 5배 이상 높았다. 연어치어의 성장에 영향을 미치는 환경 요인으로는 1일 치어 1마리당 사료공급량, 사육지의 배수구 용존산소 및 사육수온이 5% 수준에서 유의한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.320-324
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• 2010

We investigated the proper feeding frequency and satiation rate for the growth of red- and white-colored carp fingerlings in a feeding experiment. Triplicate groups of fish averaging 6.3 g were fed diets at four feeding frequencies (1, 2, 3, or 4 meals a day) and two satiation rates (satiation and 80% satiation) for 6 weeks. The survival of the fish was not affected by either the feeding frequency or the satiation rate. The weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio of fish were affected by the feeding frequency and satiation rate, and increased significantly with both. The feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio with satiation feeding of fish fed four meals a day did not differ from those of fish fed three meals a day. The daily feed intake was affected by the feeding frequency and satiation rate. The moisture, crude lipid, and ash contents of whole body were affected by the feeding frequency. Moisture and crude lipid contents were affected by feeding satiation. Based on these results, we conclude that the proper feeding frequency and satiation rate for the optimum growth of red- and white-colored carp fingerlings is four meals a day with satiation feeding.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.725-730
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• 2015

We observed yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco fingerlings cultured in land ponds in Korea swimming in a corkscrew spiral pattern while hanging head-up and tail-down at the water surface, before eventually dying. Externally, these fish displayed “hole in the head” disease, pale gills, and hemorrhages in the base of the pectoral and caudal fins; internally they had liver hemorrhages and kidney discoloration. The bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri (YCK-01 and YCL-01) was identified in the kidneys and livers of diseased fish via phenotypic characteristics and PCR analysis using the ictaluri-specific primers IVS (an intervening sequence) and IRS (the inter-ribosomal spacer). Infectivity challenges by intraperitoneal and immersion routes showed that a representative bacterial strain (YCK) exhibited strong virulence to yellow catfish, with an LD₅₀ of 3.2×10⁴ CFU/fish and 2.5×10⁶ CFU/mL, respectively. This is the first report of E. ictaluri infection in yellow catfish from Korea.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2012

인공종묘 생산 철갑상어 사육과정에 복부팽만을 특징으로 하는 질병이 발생하였다. 병어는 위와 소화관의 가스의 이상 축적에 의한 것으로 특히, 위의 분문부에서의 가스 축적이 현저하기 때문에 이상 유영을 하다가 폐사하게 된다. 병어의 위, 양어지의 배출수와 잔사에서는 원인체로 추정되는 Candida sp.가 검출되었다. 먹이와 함께 섭취된 Candida가 대사 과정 중에 발생하는 가스가 위에 축적됨으로서 위가팽창하게 되고, 일부는 식도와 부레로 이동한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2007

Marine birnavirus (MABV)에 무증상적으로 감염된 넙치 (Paralichthys olivaceus) 치어에 면역억제제의 일종인 Dexamathasone을 투여하였을 때 MABV의 감염강도에 영향을 미치는가를 조사하였다. Real time PCR 분석결과 dexamethasone을 투여한 그룹이 생리식염수를 주사한 그룹 및 no handling 그룹에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 Ct 값을 나타냈으며, 또한 semi-quantitative RT-PCR 분석결과에 있어서도 dexamethasone을 주사한 그룹이 대조구 그룹들에 비해 MABV 유전자가 유의적으로 높게 증폭되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터 dexamethasone 투여가 넙치 치어에 감염된 MABV의 복제를 증가시킴을 확인하였다.