• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2019

The paper aims to evaluate the combination of strategies that influence the success of New Technology Based Firms (NTBFs) located in isolated areas with resource constraints. We utilize the Kauffman Firm Survey to construct a subset of 224 firms operating in primary metal manufacturing industries and who are located in non-thriving areas. We focus on the impact of technological strategy, in the form of Inward Technology Licensing (ITL), combined with financial strategy, in the form of increased financial slack. Using a negative binomial-specification technique to model these relations, we find that ITL positively impacts internal innovation in the firm and this relation is strengthened by the presence of greater financial slack. This positive impact of financial slack supports the behavioral theory of the firm rather than agency theory in that financial slack enables further innovation rather than stifling it. This research confirms the importance of resource acquisition, suggesting that entrepreneurs may utilize external sources of knowledge in an effort to build a favorable situation when facing the challenges of location. Finally, by presenting evidence showing the compatibility of a financial strategy with a knowledge strategy (ITL), this study emphasizes the importance to entrepreneurs of choosing the proper combination of varying strategies.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2021

Purpose-This study examines how financial slack resources and subcontracting of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) affect their internationalization. To identify slack resources, subcontracting, and internationalization of SMEs, 1,062 SME samples in the electronics industry are used in the logistic regression analysis to analyze their relationship with SMEs' export. Research design, data, and methodology-This study conducted the empirical analysis on 1,062 SMEs in the electronics industry using the sample survey method. The samples were based on data selected and distributed by the Ministry SMEs and Startups. The data analysis methods were descriptive, correlation analysis, and logistics regression analysis. Result-The analysis shows that only available resources are negatively related to SMEs' internationalization. It can be interpreted as a high tendency for SMEs to avoid relatively risky choices such as entering overseas markets if they have enough financial resources. Moreover, subcontracting has a negative relationship with internationalization. Conclusion-This study broadened the scope of SME research by analyzing subcontracting and slack resources together and provides practical implications for policymakers and managers.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.25-41
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• 2022

While there exists voluminous literature on the internationalization of the firms, it has focused on mature firms or born-global firms. There is still a lack of research on firm that is in the growth stage between venture and mature firm. To fill this gap, this paper focuses on the newly public firm which is enter the stock market through initial public offerings (IPO). Specifically, I examine the relationship between the early listing and internationalization. In the venture firm aspect, the decision of the IPO necessary to allow to change organization structure, ownership and take a risk from environmental movements. This paper suggests early listing is a behavior of entrepreneur orientation. According to empirical results, there is a positive relationship between early listing and internationalization. It implies that early listing may help international expansion by sourcing finance, reputations from market. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of financial slack resources to international expansion. I conclude that ventures need not only early entering in stock market but also securing sufficient financial slack resources to achieve sustainable growth in the international market.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2022

Collaboration tools are used widely as non-face-to-face work increases due to social distancing after COVID-19. The tools are being developed in a cross-platform manner with 'Electron', an open source framework based on Chromium, to ensure accessibility on multiple devices. Electron Apps, applications built with Electron framework, store data in a manner similar to Chromium-based web browsers, so the data can be acquired in the same way as the data is acquired from a web browser. In this paper we analyze the data structure of web storage and suggest a method to get the message from Electron Apps focused on collaboration tools such as Jandi, Slack, and Microsoft Teams. For Jandi, we get the message from Cache by using previously developed tools, and in the case of Slack and Microsoft Teams, we get the message from IndexedDB by using the message carving tool we developed.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2020

Purpose: Strategic management scholars have investigated the effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm financial performance, identifying various impacts of CSR activities showing conflicting results. Meanwhile, relatively less attention has been paid to the antecedents of CSR activities. According to upper echelons theory, organizational outcomes are predicted by characteristics of CEOs and top management team members. Corporate social responsibility is a type of organizational outcome influenced by such top leader characteristics and choices. Recognizing the importance of exploring new antecedents of CSR activities, I examine whether CEO humility affects CSR outcomes. Research design, data and methodology: The KEJI index was set as a dependent variable to measure CSR activities. Among the 200 sample companies registered in the KEJI database in 2014, 85 companies were finally selected and analyzed to measure CEO humility, as independent variable. I also examine the moderating effects of firm slack on the relationship between CEO humility and CSR activities. Results: There is a positive relationship between CEO humility and corporate social responsibility activities and this relationship is negatively moderated by firm slack. Conclusions: This paper contributes to understanding positive impacts of having humble CEOs on corporate social responsibility outcomes and recognizes the role of firm slack.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.269-299
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• 1997

$'81{\sim}'90$년 사이의 국내 합병사례 중 34개 표본을 선정하여 분석한 결과 비상장 피합병 기업은 대부분 사장요건을 충족치 못하였고, 성장성비율, 재무구조비율, 수익성비율 등의 비교집단간(합병 피합병, 합병 통제, 합병 산업평균, 피합병 산업) 년도별 차이는 대부분 비유의적으로 나타났다. 합병기업의 초과수익률은 기존연구와 마찬가지로 성장성비율, 재무구조비율, 수익성비율 등이 유의한 설명력을 갖고 있었다. 한편 Myers- Majluf(1984)의 재무slack 이론은 국내시장을 설명하기에는 다소 미흡한 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.343-352
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• 2017

In this study, the empirical analysis was conducted if the authentic leadership, which recently became an issue as an alternative of leadership, plays the moderating role in the relation between the participative budgeting and the budgetary slack. The hypotheses was established based on the literature review and the results of preceding studies in accordance with the scientific research procedure and the questionnaires were collected from the commissioned officers in charge of financial businesses in the military organization. Out of 200 questionnaires collected, 180 questionnaires were used for final empirical analysis excluding incomplete questionnaires. The summary of the research results shown through the regression analysis is as follows. First, the participative budgeting has positive(+) effect on the budgetary slack. Second, The authentic leadership plays the moderating role in the relation between the participative budgeting and the budgetary slack.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.157-180
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• 2008

The majority of studies was undertaken on large companies that had adopted e-Business or on the specific case of dot.com companies. However, despite this interest in the effect of the size of an organization on its approach to e-Business, little direct comparison has been undertaken between small and large companies. This study examined the differences of e-Business adoption factors and e-Business performance between large and small companies. Reviewing the literature, we suggest a research model and develop nine hypotheses to be tested. Data are collected from 109 companies Implemented e-business. The results of hypothesis testing show as follows. First, e-Business performance of efficiency has a positive influence of perceived e-Business advantage, top management support, organizational learning ability and financial slack. Second, e-Business performance of sales performance has a positive influence of top management support. Third, e-Business performance of customer satisfaction has a positive influence of technology competence, perceived e-Business advantage, top management support, financial slack and institutional pressure. Finally, there are differences in the e-business factors(perceived e-Business advantage, top management support, institutional pressure) and e-Business performance(efficiency) between large and small companies.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.205-232
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the bilateral and autoregressive relationships of corporate social performance and corporate financial performance by using dynamic panel model based on fixed effect analysis method. To satisfy this study purpose, 6 years data (2008-2013) of top 1,000 corporations in Korea was collected and finally 430 corporations were used for dynamic panel analysis. The main results were as follows. First, the preceding financial performance explains the following corporate social performance in positive direction. Second, the preceding corporate social performance does not explain the following financial performance. Third, the preceding corporate social performance explains the following corporate social performance in positive direction. Fourth, the preceding financial performance explains the following financial performance in positive direction. This result shows that slack resources theory is supported and good management theory is not supported. In addition, there is a significant relationship between the preceding corporate social performance and the following corporate social performance. Lastly, this study broadens and deepens previous understanding on corporate social philanthropy and discusses theoretical meanings and implications for future study.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.29-51
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• 2022

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) designated the Emission Control Area (ECA) in Northern Europe to reduce the NOx and SOx emissions from ships in the coastal areas. This study used Network slack-based measure (SBM) Data Envelopment Model (DEM) and Bootstrop Truncated Regression (BTR) model to analyze the ECA's impact on ferry companies' financial performances based on the financial data from eight ferry carriers in Northern Europe, the Mediterranean and North America from 2004 to 2017. To alleviate the problem of arbitrary variable selection in DEA, the variable selection criteria proposed by Dyson et al. (2001) were applied; the size of the company was considered through the Network SBM DEA model; and the company's profit-generating process was divided into stages to measure financial performance in more detail. In addition, the BTR model was applied to derive results that minimize the bias of the data. The study found that ECA regulations did not always negatively affect the shipping companies' financial performance. Rather, a steady increase in efficiency was observed for Northern European ferry companies which were subject to the strongest regulations. For North American ferry companies, government subsidies were found to have a significant impact on efficiency, and relatively small impact on efficiency due to the ECA and oil prices. For the Mediterranean ferry companies, efficiency values have decreased since the implementation of ECA regulation despite the lowest level of regulation in the region.